Understanding beliefs

Political Psychology

Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 641-663

  Jervis, Robert ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

Author keywords

Functions of beliefs; Motivated biases; Self deception; Unmotivated biases

Indexed keywords

EID: 33748539396     PISSN: 0162895X     EISSN: 14679221     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2006.00527.x     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Abramsky, S. (2004). Supporting the troops, doubting the war. The Nation, October 4, 11-15.
2. Baker, J., & Young, R. (2005). False statements and false claims. American Criminal Law Review, 42, 427-462.
3. Bar-Joseph, U., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2003). Intelligence failures and need for cognitive closure: On the psychology of the Yom Kippur surprise. Political Psychology, 24, 75-99.
4. Barnhart, M. (1987). Japan prepares for total war. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
5. Bern, D. (1972). Self-perception theory. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 6 (pp. 1-62). New York: Academic Press.
6. Betts, R. K. (1982). Surprise attack. Washington: The Brookings Institution.
7. Boulding, K. E. (1967). The learning and reality-testing process in the international system. Journal of International Affairs, 21, 1-15.
8. Burns, J.F. (1992). Serbia's enigma: An aloof leader who stoked fires of nationalist passion. New York Times, December 22.
9. Carter, J. R. (1998). Airpower and the cult of the offensive. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Press.
10. Carr, E. H. (1946). The twenty years' crisis: 1919-1939. New York: Harper Torchbooks.
11. Chaiken, S. (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 752-766.
12. Clancy, S. A. (2005). Abducted: How people come to believe, they were kidnapped by aliens. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
13. Converse, P. E. (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics. In D. E. Apter (Ed.), Ideology and discontent (pp. 206-261). New York: Free Press.
14. Coogan, J. W. (1981). The end of neutrality: The United States, Britain, and maritime rights, 1899-1915. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
15. Dilks, D. (1972). The diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan. New York: G. P. Putnam's.
16. Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1998). Attitude structure and function. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (pp. 269-322). New York: Oxford University Press.
17. Erickson, J. (1962). The Soviet high command. London: Macmillan.
18. Farnham, B. F. (1997). Roosevelt and the Munch crisis: A study of political decision-making. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
19. Ferrell, R. H. (1980). Off the record.: The private papers of Harry S. Truman. New York: Harper & Row.
20. Fiske, A. P., & Tetlock, P. E. (1997). Taboo trade-offs: Reactions to transactions that transgress the spheres of justice. Political Psychology, 18, 255-297.
21. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
22. Gazzaniga, M. S. (1985). The social brain: Discovering the networks of the mind. New York: Basic Books.
23. George, A. L. (1958). Comment on "Opinions, Personality, and Political Behavior." American Political Science Review, 52, 18-26.
24. Gerber, A., & Green, D. (1999). Bias. Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 189-210.
25. Gilbert, D. (2006). Stumbling on happiness. New York: Knopf.
26. Gladwell, M. (2005). Blink: The power of thinking without thinking. New York: Little Brown.
27. Haldeman, H. R. (1994). The Haldeman diaries: Inside the Nixon White House. New York: G. P. Putnam's.
28. Halevy, E. (1966). The era of tyrannies. New York: New York University Press.
29. Hammond, K. R. (1996). Human judgment and social policy. New York: Oxford University Press.
30. Harris, M. (1979). Cultural materialism: The struggle for a science of culture. New York: Random House.
31. Hastings, M. (1979). Bomber command. New York: Dial Press.
32. Hastorf, A., & Cantril, H. (1954). They saw a game. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, 129-134.
33. Herek, Gregory M. (1987). Can functions be measured? A new perspective on the functional approach to attitudes. Social Psychology Quarterly, 50, 285-303.
34. Herwig, H. H. (2003). Germany. In R. F. Hamilton & H. H. Herwig (Eds.), The origins of World War I (pp. 150-187). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
35. Hull, I. V. (2005). Absolute destruction: Military culture and the practices of war in imperial Germany. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
36. Janis, I. L., & Mann, L. (1977). Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice, and commitment. New York: Free Press.
37. Jervis, R. (1976). Perception and misperception in international politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
38. Jervis, R. (Winter 1982/83). Deterrence and perception. International Security, 7, 3-30.
39. Jervis, R. (2005). American foreign policy in a new era. New York: Routledge.
40. Jervis, R. (2006). Reports, polities, and intelligence failures: The case of Iraq. Journal of Strategic Studies, 29, 3-52.
41. Jervis, R., Lebow, R. N., & Stein, J. G. (1985). Psychology and deterrence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
42. Johnston, D. (2006). Notes are said to reveal close Cheney interest in a critic of Iraq policy. New York Times, May 14.
43. Joli, J. (1972). 1914: The unspoken assumptions. In H. W. Koch (Ed.), The origins of the First World War (pp. 307-328). London: Macmillan.
44. Kaplan, R. D. (1993). Balkan Ghosts: A journey through history. New York: St. Martin's Press.
45. Katz, D. (1960). The functional approach to the study of attitudes. Public Opinion Quarterly, 24, 163-204.
46. Kaufmann, C. (1994). Out of the lab and into the archives: A method for testing psychological explanations of political decision making. International Studies Quarterly, 38, 557-586.
47. Kimball, W. F. (1991). The juggler: Franklin Roosevelt as wartime statesman. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
48. Krugman, P. (2005). The free lunch bunch. New York Times, January 21.
49. Kurtz, H. (1998). Spin cycle: How the White House and the media manipulate the news. New York: Simon and Schuster.
50. Kutler, S. I. (1997). Abuse of power: The new Nixon tapes. New York: Free Press.
51. LaPiere, R. T. (1934). Attitudes versus actions. Social Forces, 13, 230-237.
52. Larson, D. W. (1985). Origins of containment. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
53. Larson, D. W. (2003). Truman and the Berlin blockade: The role of intuition and experience in good foreign policy judgment. In D. W. Larson & S. A. Renshon (Eds.). Good judgment in foreign policy: theory and application (pp. 127-152). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
54. Laudan, L. (1977). Progress and its problems: Toward a theory of scientific growth. Berkeley: University of California Press.
55. Lebow, R. N. (1981). Between peace and war: The nature of international crisis. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
56. Lemann, N. (2004). Remember the Alamo. New Yorker, 80, October 18, 148-163.
57. Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Macmillan.
58. Marcus, G. E. (2000). Emotions in politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 3, 221-250.
59. Marcus, G. E. (2003). The psychology of emotion and politics. In D. O. Sears, L. Huddy. & R. Jervis (Eds.). Oxford handbook of political psychology (pp. 182-221). New York: Oxford University Press.
60. May, E. R. (1975). The making of the Monroe Doctrine. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
61. McDermott, R. (2004). The feeling of rationality: The meaning of neuroscientific advances for political science. Perspectives on Politics, 2, 691-706.
62. Mombauer, A. (2001). Helmuth von Moltke and the origins of the First World War. New York: Cambridge University Press.
63. Neustadt, R. E. (1986). Presidents, politics and analysis. Presented at Graduate School of Public Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle.
64. Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-259.
65. Nofziger, L. (1992). Nofziger. Washington: Regnery.
66. Pears, D. (1984). Motivated irrationality. New York: Oxford University Press.
67. Ransom, H. H. (1958). Central intelligence and national security. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
68. Roberts, C. (1996). The logic of historical explanation. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
69. Sarnoff, I., & Katz, D. (1954). The Motivational Bases of Attitude Change. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 49, 115-124.
70. Schiff, A. (1962). Fire and water: Scientific heresy in the Forest Service. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
71. Schuman, H., & Johnson, M. P. (1976). Attitudes and behavior. Annual Review of Sociology, 2, 167-207.
72. Shafir, E., Simonson, I., & Tversky, A. (1993). Reason-based choice. Cognition, 49, 11-36.
73. Shimko, K. L. (1991). Images and arms control. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
74. Simon, W. H. (2004). Wrongs of ignorance and ambiguity: Lawyer responsibility for collective misconduct. Columbia Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper, No. 0480.
75. Slevin, P., & Priest, D. (2003). Wolfowitz concedes Iraq errors. Washington Post, July 24.
76. Smith, M. B., Bruner, J. S., & White, R. W. (1956). Opinions and personality. New York: Wiley.
77. Snyder, J. (1984). The ideology of the offensive: Military decision making and the disasters of 1914. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
78. Spencer, S., Fein, S., Zanna, M., & Olson, J., eds., (2003). Motivated social perception: The Ontario Symposium Volume 9. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum.
79. Taylor, S. E. (1989). Positive illusions: Creative self-deception and the healthy mind. New York: Basic Books.
80. Tetlock, P. E. (2002). Social-functionalist metaphors for judgment and choice: The politician, theologian and prosecutor. Psychological Review, 109, 451-472.
81. Tetlock, P. E. (2005). Expert political judgment: How good is it? How can we know? Princeton: Princeton University Press.
82. Tetlock, P. E., & Levi, A. (1982). Attribution bias: On the inconclusiveness of the cognition-motivation debate. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 68-88.
83. Trivets, R. (2002). Natural selection and social theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
84. Wade, N. (2005). The uncertain science of growing heart cells. New York Times, March 14.
85. Whaley, B. (1973). Codeword Barbarossa. Cambridge: MIT Press.
86. Wilson, T. D. (2002). Strangers to ourselves. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
87. Woodward, B. (1987). Veil: The secret wars of the CIA 1981-1987. New York: Simon and Schuster.
88. Wohlstetter, R. (1962). Pearl Harbor: Warning and decision. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
89. Zajonc, R. B. (1998). Emotions. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (pp. 591-634). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
90. Zaller, J. R. (1992). The nature and origins of mass opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press.