Reliability and stability of executive functioning in older adults

Neuropsychology

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 607-613

  Ettenhofer, Mark L ^a,b   Hambrick, David Z ^a   Abeles, Norman ^a  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Age; Aging; Executive function; Latent; Reliability

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE SPECIFIC CARE; AGED; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

EID: 33748502289     PISSN: 08944105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.20.5.607     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Anderson, S. W., Damasio, H., Jones, R. D., & Tranel, D. (1991). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance as a measure of frontal lobe damage. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 13, 909-922.
2. Arbuthnott, K., & Frank, J. (2000). Trail Making Test, Part B as a measure of executive control: Validation using a set-switching paradigm. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22, 518-528.
3. Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive function: Constructing a unified theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94.
4. Barkley, R. A. (2001). The executive functions and self-regulation: An evolutionary neuropsychological perspective. Neuropsychology Review, 11, 1-29.
5. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100.
6. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
7. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
8. Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
9. Benton, A. L., Hamsher, K., & Sivan, A. B. (1983). Multilingual aphasia examination (3rd ed.). Iowa City, IA: AJA Associates.
10. Berman, K. F., Ostrem, J. L., Randolph, C., Gold, J., Goldberg, T. E., Coppola, R., et al. (1995). Physiological activation of a cortical network during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: A positron emission tomography study. Neuropsychologia, 33, 1027-1046.
11. Boone, K. B., Ponton, M. O., Gorsuch, R. L., Gonzalez, J. J., & Miller, B. L. (1998). Factor analysis of four measures of prefrontal lobe functioning. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 13, 585-595.
12. Brugger, P., Monsch, A. U., Salmons, D. P., & Butters, N. (1996). Random number generation in dementia of the Alzheimer type: A test of frontal executive functions. Neuropsychologia, 34, 97-103.
13. Bryan, J., & Luszcz, M. A. (2000). Measurement of executive function: Considerations for detecting adult age differences. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22, 40-55.
14. Burgess, P. W. (1997). Theory and methodology in executive function research. In P. Rabbitt (Ed.), Methodology of frontal and executive function (pp. 81-116). East Sussex, United Kingdom: Psychology Press.
15. Crowe, S. F. (1998). The differential contribution of mental tracking, cognitive flexibility, visual search, and motor speed to performance on Parts A and B of the Trail Making Test. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54, 585-591.
16. Della Sala, S., Gray, C., Spinnler, H., & Trivelli, C. (1998). Frontal lobe functioning in man: The riddle revisited. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 13, 663-682.
17. Engle, R. W., & Kane, M. J. (2004). Executive attention, working memory capacity, and a two-factor theory of cognitive control. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 44, 145-199.
18. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198.
19. Frith, C. D., Friston, K. J., Liddle, P. F., & Frackowiak, R. S. (1991). A PET study of word finding. Neuropsychologia, 29, 1137-1148.
20. Garden, S. E., Phillips, L. H., & MacPherson, S. E. (2001). Midlife aging, open-ended planning, and laboratory measures of executive function. Neuropsychology, 15, 472-482.
21. Gold, J. M., Carpenter, C., Randolph, C., Goldberg, T. E., & Weinberger, D. R. (1997). Auditory working memory and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 159-165.
22. Gourovitch, M. L., Kirkby, B. S., Goldberg, T. E., Weinberger, D. R., Gold, J. M., Esposito, G., et al. (2000). A comparison of rCBF patterns during letter and semantic fluency. Neuropsychology, 14, 353-360.
23. Heaton, R. K., Chelune, G. J., Talley, J. L., Kay, G. G., & Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test manual: Revised and expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
24. Hertzog, C., & Schaie, K. W. (1986). Stability and change in adult intelligence: I. Analysis of longitudinal covariance structures. Psychology & Aging, 1, 159-171.
25. Hervey, A. S., Epstein, J. N., & Curry, J. F. (2004). Neuropsychology of adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 18, 485-503.
26. Hutton, S. B., Puri, B. K., Duncan, L. J., Robbins, T. W., Barnes, T. R., & Joyce, E. M. (1998). Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine, 28, 463-473.
27. Konishi, S., Kawazu, M., Uchida, I., Kikyo, H., Asakura, I., & Miyashita, Y. (1999). Contribution of working memory to transient activation in human inferior prefrontal cortex during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Cerebral Cortex, 9, 745-753.
28. Lombardi, W. J., Andreason, P. J., Sirocco, K. Y., Rio, D. E., Gross, R. E., Umhau, J. C., & Hommer, D. W. (1999). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance following head injury: Dorsolateral fronto-striatal circuit activity predicts perseveration. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 21, 2-16.
29. Lowe, C., & Rabbitt, P. (1998). Test/retest reliability of the CANTAB and ISPOCD neuropsychological batteries: Theoretical and practical issues. Neuropsychologia, 36, 915-923.
30. MacPherson, S. E., Phillips, L. H., & Della Sala, S. (2002). Age, executive function, and social decision making: A dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive aging. Psychology and Aging, 17, 598-609.
31. McDonald, B. C., Flashman, L. A., & Saykin, A. J. (2002). Executive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: Neural substrates and treatment strategies. Neurorehabilitation, 17, 333-344.
32. Milham, M. P., Erickson, K. I., Banich, M. T., Kramer, A. F., Webb, A., Wszalek, T., & Cohen, N. J. (2002). Attentional control in the aging brain: Insights from an fMRI study of the Stroop task. Brain and Cognition, 49, 277-296.
33. Miyake, A., Friedman, N., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100.
34. Moritz, S., Birkner, C., Kloss, M., Jahn, H., Hand, I., Haasen, C., & Krausz, M. (2002). Executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder, unipolar depression, and schizophrenia. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17, 477-483.
35. Morris, R. G. (1994). Working memory in Alzheimer-type dementia. Neuropsychology, 8, 544-554.
36. Murphy, K. R., Barkley, R. A., & Bush, T. (2001). Executive functioning and olfactory identification in young adults with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology, 15, 211-220.
37. Nigg, J. T., Stavro, G. M., Ettenhofer, M. L., Hambrick, D. Z., Miller, T., & Henderson, J. M. (2005). Executive functions and ADHD in adults: Evidence for selective effects on ADHD symptom domains. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 706-717.
38. Peterson, B., Skudlarski, S., Gatenby, P., Zhang, C., Anderson, H., & Gore, W. (1999). An fMRI study of Stroop word-color interference: Evidence for cingulate subregions subserving multiple distributed attentional systems. Biological Psychiatry, 45, 1237-1258.
39. Phillips, L. H. (1997). Do "frontal tests" measure executive function? Issues of assessment and evidence from fluency tests. In P. Rabbitt (Ed.), Methodology of frontal and executive function (pp. 191-213). East Sussex, United Kingdom: Psychology Press.
40. Rabbitt, P. (1997). Methodologies and models in the study of executive function. In P. Rabbitt (Ed.), Methodology of frontal and executive function (pp. 1-38). East Sussex, United Kingdom: Psychology Press.
41. Raz, N., Gunning-Dixon, F. M., Head, D., Dupuis, J. H., & Acker, J. D. (1998). Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive aging: Evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychology, 12, 95-114.
42. Reitan, R. M. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 8, 271-276.
43. Robbins, T. W., James, M., Owen, A. M., Sahakian, B. J., Lawrence, A. D., McInnes, L., & Rabbitt, P. M. (1998). A study of performance on tests from the CANTAB battery sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 474-490.
44. Salthouse, T. A. (2005). Relations between cognitive abilities and measures of executive functioning. Neuropsychology, 19, 532-545.
45. Salthouse, T. A., Atkinson, T. M., & Berish, D. E. (2003). Executive functioning as a potential mediator of age-related cognitive decline in normal adults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, 566-594.
46. Schretlen, D., Pearlson, G. D., Anthony, J. C., Aylward, E. H., Augustine, A. M., Davis, A., & Barta, P. (2000). Elucidating the contributions of processing speed, executive ability, and frontal lobe volume to normal age-related differences in fluid intelligence. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 52-61.
47. Souchay, C., & Isingrini, M. (2004). Age related differences in metacognitive control: Role of executive functioning. Brain and Cognition, 56, 89-99.
48. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
49. Stuss, D. T., Floden, D., Alexander, M. P., Levine, B., & Katz, D. (2001). Stroop performance in focal lesion patients: Dissociation of processes and frontal lobe lesion location. Neuropsychologia, 39, 771-786.
50. Terry, R. D., & Katzman, R. (1983). Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Annals of Neurology, 14, 497-506.
51. Varney, N. R., & Menefee, L. (1993). Psychosocial and executive deficits following closed head injury: Implications for orbital frontal cortex. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8, 32-44.
52. Vendrell, P., Junque, C., Pujol, J., Jurado, M. A., Molet, J., & Grafman, J. (1995). The role of prefrontal lesions in the Stroop task. Neuropsychologia, 33, 341-352.
53. Wang, L., Kakigi, R., & Hoshiyama, M. (2001). Neural activities during Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-MEG observation. Cognitive Brain Research, 12, 19-31.
54. Wecker, S. W., Kramer, J. H., Wisniewski, A., Delis, D. C., & Kaplan, E. (2000). Age effects on executive ability. Neuropsychology, 14, 409-414.
55. West, R. L. (1996). An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 272-292.
56. West, R. L., & Bell, M. A. (1997). Stroop color-word interference and electroencephalogram activation: Evidence for age-related decline of the anterior attention system. Neuropsychology, 11, 421-427.
57. Winocur, G., Moscovitch, M., & Stuss, D. T. (1996). Explicit and implicit memory in the elderly: Evidence for double dissociation involving medial temporal- and frontal-lobe functions. Neuropsychology, 10, 57-65.
58. Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1983). Development and validation of a Geriatric Depression Screening Scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 37-49.