Random number generation in dementia of the Alzheimer type: A test of frontal executive functions

Neuropsychologia

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 97-103

  Brugger, P ^a,b   Monsch, A U ^a   Salmon, D P ^a   Butters, N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Alzheimer type dementia; Frontal lobes; Neuropsychological tests; Random generation; Review

Indexed keywords

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; APTITUDE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMENTIA; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; SOCIAL INTERACTION; STEREOTYPY;

EID: 0030064221     PISSN: 00283932     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00066-6     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Andreewsky, E. and Nicolas, P. Analyse d'un comportement pseudo-aléatoire [Analysis of a pseudo-random behavior]. Encéphale 62, 105-125, 1973.
2. Axmacher, I., Bente, D. and Ferner, U. Informationsstatistische Untersuchungen zur Struktur einfacher Handlungsfolgen bei endogenen Psychosen [Information-statistic studies on the structure of simple behavioral sequences in endogenous psychoses]. Arzneimittelforschung 20, 919-921, 1970.
3. Bar-Hillel, M. and Wagenaar, W. M. Perception of randomness. Adv. appl. Math. 12, 428-454, 1991.
4. Breidt, R. Lassen sich Perseverationen durch Hirnschädigungen erklären? [Can perseverations be explained by brain lesions?] Psychiatr. Clin. 6, 357-369, 1973.
5. Brugger, P., Landis, T. and Regard, M. The brain as a random generator: The relevance of subjective randomization for neuropsychology. J. clin. exp. Neuropsychol. 14, 84, 1992 (Abstract).
6. Brugger, P., Milicevic, A., Regard, M. and Cook, N. D. Random number generation and the menstrual cycle: Preliminary evidence for a premenstrual alteration of frontal lobe functioning. Percept. Mot. Skills 77, 915-921, 1993.
7. Butters, N., Granholm, E., Salmon, D. P., Grant, I. and Wolfe, J. Episodic and semantic memory: A comparison of amnesic and demented patients. J. clin. exp. Neuropsychol. 9, 479-497, 1987.
8. Chatfield, C. The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction, Chapman Hall, New York, 1975.
9. Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E. and Ober, B. A. The California Verbal Learning Test-Research Edition. Psychological Corporation, New York, 1987.
10. Douglas, R. J. Spontaneous alternation behavior and the brain. In Spontaneous Alternation Behavior, W. N. Dember and C. L. Richman (Editors), pp. 73-108. Springer, New York, 1989.
11. Evans, F. J. Monitoring attention deployment by random number generation: An index to measure subjective randomness. Bull. Psychon. Soc. 12, 35-38, 1978.
12. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. "Mini Mental State" - A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J. Psychiat. Res. 12, 189-198, 1975.
13. Guttmann, G. Die empirische Erprobung von Methoden zur Überprüfung der Ergodizität von Ereignisfolgen [An empirical evaluation of some methods of testing the ergodicity of event sequences]. Arch. ges. Psychol. 119, 251-260, 1967.
14. Hackl, H. Über Starrheit und Veränderungsfähigkeit im Verhalten Schizophrener [On behavioral rigidity and flexibility in schizophrenic patients]. Z. Psychosomat. Med. 8, 27-31, 1962.
15. Heindel, W. C., Salmon, D. P. and Butters, N. Cognitive approaches to the memory disorders of demented patients. In Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology, 2nd edn, P. B. Sutker and H. E. Adams (Editors), pp. 735-761. Plenum Press, New York, 1993.
16. Home, R. L., Evans, F. J. and Orne, M. T. Random number generation, psychopathology, and therapeutic change. Arch. gen. Psychiat. 39, 680-683, 1982.
17. Itagaki, F., Niwa, S.-I., Itoh, K. and Momose, T. Random number generation and the frontal cortex. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 19, 79-80, 1995.
18. Kaplan, E., Goodglass, H. and Weintraub, S. The Boston Naming Test. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1983.
19. Kopelman, M. D. Frontal dysfunction and memory deficits in the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome and Alzheimer-type dementia. Brain 114, 117-137, 1991.
20. Kuroki, K., Nagashima, M., Nagai, H., Kido, K. and Sato, M. [Clinical application of the random number generation test; its characteristics in epileptics.] Clin. Psychiat. 18, 509-517, 1976 (in Japanese).
21. Mattis, S. Mental status examination for organic mental syndrome in the elderly patient. In Geriatrics Psychiatry: A Handbook for Psychiatrists and Primary Care Physicians, L. Bellack and T. B. Karasu (Editors), pp. 77-121. Grune & Stratton, New York, 1976.
22. McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D. and Stadlan, E. M. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 34, 939-934, 1984.
23. Mittenecker, E. Die informationstheoretische Auswertung des Zeigeversuches bei Psychotikern und Neurotikern [The information-theoretic analysis of the pointing-test in psychotics and neurotics]. Z. exp. Angew. Psychol. 7, 392-400, 1960.
24. Morris, R. G. Working memory in Alzheimer-type dementia. Neuropsychology 8, 544-554, 1994.
25. Nelson, H. E. A modified sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe deficits. Cortex 12, 313-324, 1976.
26. Parasuraman, R. and Haxby, J. V. Attention and brain function in Alzheimer's disease: A review. Neuropsychology 7, 242-272, 1993.
27. Rabinowitz, F. M., Dunlap, W. P., Grant, M. J. and Campione, J. C. The rules used by children and adults in attempting to generate random numbers. J. Math. Psychol. 33, 227-287, 1989.
28. Ramsey, R. W. and Broadhurst, A. The nonrandomness of attempts at random responses: Relationships with personality variables and psychiatric disorders. Br. Psychol. 59, 299-304, 1969.
29. Rapoport, A. and Budescu, D. V. Generation of random series in two-person strictly competitive games. J. exp. Psychol.: Gen. 121, 352-363, 1992.
30. Remschmidt, H. Experimentelle Untersuchung zur sogenannten epileptischen Wesensveränderung [Experimental investigation on the so-called epileptic character change]. Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr. 38, 524-540, 1970.
31. Remschmidt, H. Experimentelle Untersuchung zum Perseverationsverhalten von Epileptikern [Experimental investigation on the perseverative behavior of epileptic patients]. Arch. Psychiatr. Nervenkr. 215, 315-324, 1972.
32. Rosenberg, S., Weber, N., Crocq, M.-A., Duval, F. and Macher, J.-P. Random number generation by normal, alcoholic and schizophrenic subjects. Psychol. Med. 20, 953-960, 1990.
33. Schwibbe, M. H. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Eignung des Mittenecker-Zeigeversuchs (MZV) für klinische Langzeitstudien und zur Validität seiner Testparameter [Experimental investigations on the usefulness of Mittenecker's pointing-test for longitudinal clinical studies and on the validity of its parameters]. Z. Klin. Psychol. 14, 130-144, 1985.
34. Spatt, J. and Goldenberg, G. Components of random generation by normal subjects and patients with dysexecutive syndrome. Brain Cognit. 23, 231-242, 1993.
35. Stillhard, G., Landis, T., Schiess, R., Regard, M. and Sialer, G. Bitemporal hypoperfusion in transient global amnesia: 99m-Tc-HM-PAO SPECT and neuropsychological findings during and after attack. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 53, 339-342, 1990.
36. Terry, R. D. and Katzman, R. Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Ann. Neurol. 14, 497-506, 1983.
37. Thomas, H. B. G. The "supervisor" - A hypothetical mental function impaired by brain damage. J. Ment. Sci. 108, 329-346, 1962.
38. Treisman, M. and Faulkner, A. Generation of random sequences by human subjects: Cognitive operations or psychophysical process? J. exp. Psychol.: Gen. 116, 337-355, 1987.
39. Trappl, R. Die informationstheoretisch-statistische Behandlung sogenannter Zufallsfolgen in der Medizin [Information-theoretic and statistical analyses of so-called random sequences in medicine]. Wiener Z. Nervenheilk. 29, 143-176, 1971.
40. Vecera, S. P., Rothbart, M. K. and Posner, M. I. Development of spontaneous alternation in infancy. J. Cognit. Neurosci. 3, 351-354, 1991.
41. Yacorzynski, G. K. Perceptual principles involved in the disintegration of a configuration formed in predicting the occurrence of patterns selected by chance. J. exp. Psychol. 29, 401-406, 1941.
42. Yavuz, H. S. The production of random letter sequences in schizophrenics. J. Psychol. 56, 171-173, 1963.