-
1
-
-
33748463953
-
-
Ernst Haas discovered eight different meanings of this concept
-
Ernst Haas discovered eight different meanings of this concept
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
84958473306
-
"The Balance of Power: Prescription, Concept, or Propaganda?"
-
Martin Wight found nine. (July)
-
Martin Wight found nine. Ernst B. Haas, "The Balance of Power: Prescription, Concept, or Propaganda?" World Politics 5, no. 4 (July 1953): 442-77.
-
(1953)
World Politics
, vol.5
, Issue.4
, pp. 442-477
-
-
Haas, E.B.1
-
5
-
-
84905629884
-
"Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In"
-
For a brief discussion of the bandwagoning literature, see (Summer)
-
For a brief discussion of the bandwagoning literature, see Randall L. Schweller, "Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In," International Security 19, no. 1 (Summer 1994): 72-74
-
(1994)
International Security
, vol.19
, Issue.1
, pp. 72-74
-
-
Schweller, R.L.1
-
7
-
-
84935995217
-
-
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press)
-
Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987), 18-19.
-
(1987)
The Origins of Alliances
, pp. 18-19
-
-
Walt, S.M.1
-
8
-
-
2442563145
-
"Introduction: Appraising Balance of Power Theory"
-
On types of balancing, see in ed. John A. Vasquez and Colin Elman (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall)
-
On types of balancing, see Colin Elman, "Introduction: Appraising Balance of Power Theory," in Realism And The Balance Of Power: A New Debate, ed. John A. Vasquez and Colin Elman (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003).
-
(2003)
Realism And The Balance Of Power: A New Debate
-
-
Elman, C.1
-
9
-
-
84935995217
-
-
Walt responds to the empirical and theoretical challenges prior to
-
Walt, The Origins of Alliances, 6-11. Walt responds to the empirical and theoretical challenges prior to 1987.
-
(1987)
The Origins of Alliances
, pp. 6-11
-
-
Walt1
-
10
-
-
0026082411
-
"Explaining Third World Alignment"
-
For theoretical works, see (January)
-
For theoretical works, see Steven R. David, "Explaining Third World Alignment," World Politics 43, no. 2 (January 1991): 233-56.
-
(1991)
World Politics
, vol.43
, Issue.2
, pp. 233-256
-
-
David, S.R.1
-
11
-
-
1642628059
-
"Bandwagoning for Profit"
-
For a broader discussion of the central works through see esp
-
For a broader discussion of the central works through 1993, see Schweller, "Bandwagoning for Profit," esp. 249-56
-
(1993)
, pp. 249-256
-
-
Schweller1
-
13
-
-
84970385502
-
"A Theory of the Balance of Power in International Systems"
-
(December)
-
Emerson M.S. Niou and Peter C. Ordeshook, "A Theory of the Balance of Power in International Systems," Journal of Conflict Resolution 30, no. 4 (December 1996): 685-715.
-
(1996)
Journal of Conflict Resolution
, vol.30
, Issue.4
, pp. 685-715
-
-
Niou, E.M.S.1
Ordeshook, P.C.2
-
14
-
-
33748463385
-
"Extending Offensive Realism"
-
On the difficulties great powers face in responding to rising actors in regions, see (November)
-
On the difficulties great powers face in responding to rising actors in regions, see Colin Elman, "Extending Offensive Realism," American Political Science Review 98, no. 4 (November 2004): 575.
-
(2004)
American Political Science Review
, vol.98
, Issue.4
, pp. 575
-
-
Elman, C.1
-
15
-
-
29244464775
-
"Bringing the Leader Back In: Internal Threats and Alignment Theory in the Commonwealth of Independent States"
-
For empirical works, see (Winter)
-
For empirical works, see Eric A. Miller, "Bringing the Leader Back In: Internal Threats and Alignment Theory in the Commonwealth of Independent States," Security Studies 14, no. 1 (Winter 2005): 325-63
-
(2005)
Security Studies
, vol.14
, Issue.1
, pp. 325-363
-
-
Miller, E.A.1
-
16
-
-
84972990720
-
"To Balance or to Bandwagon? Alignment Decisions in 1930s Europe"
-
(Spring)
-
Robert G. Kaufman, "To Balance or to Bandwagon? Alignment Decisions in 1930s Europe," Security Studies 1, no. 3 (Spring 1992): 417-47.
-
(1992)
Security Studies
, vol.1
, Issue.3
, pp. 417-447
-
-
Kaufman, R.G.1
-
17
-
-
77954504840
-
"Historical Reality vs. Neo-Realist Theory"
-
For a scholarly challenge to neorealist theory and an argument that states usually bandwagon, see (Summer)
-
For a scholarly challenge to neorealist theory and an argument that states usually bandwagon, see Paul Schroeder, "Historical Reality vs. Neo-Realist Theory," International Security 19, no. 1 (Summer 1994): 108-48.
-
(1994)
International Security
, vol.19
, Issue.1
, pp. 108-148
-
-
Schroeder, P.1
-
23
-
-
0031527724
-
"Preserving the Unipolar Moment: Realist Theories and U.S. Grand Strategy after the Cold War"
-
Also see (Spring) 86
-
Also see Michael Mastanduno, "Preserving the Unipolar Moment: Realist Theories and U.S. Grand Strategy after the Cold War," International Security 21, no. 4 (Spring 1997): 59-63, 86.
-
(1997)
International Security
, vol.21
, Issue.4
, pp. 59-63
-
-
Mastanduno, M.1
-
24
-
-
0004410542
-
"Alliances, Threats, and the Uses of Neorealism"
-
On Walt, see (Summer)
-
On Walt, see Robert O. Keohane, "Alliances, Threats, and the Uses of Neorealism," International Security 13, no. 1 (Summer 1988): 169-76.
-
(1988)
International Security
, vol.13
, Issue.1
, pp. 169-176
-
-
Keohane, R.O.1
-
26
-
-
0343898289
-
"Explaining Third World Alignment"
-
For the literature on offensive versus defensive realism
-
David, "Explaining Third World Alignment." For the literature on offensive versus defensive realism
-
-
-
David1
-
28
-
-
33748474575
-
"Extending Offensive Realism"
-
Elman, "Extending Offensive Realism."
-
-
-
Elman1
-
29
-
-
0003623878
-
-
To be sure, Walt considers ideology in his formulation. He does so, however, in attempting to understand why states align together rather than why they balance against others. This is a fundamental difference. On balancing motivations, see (New York: W.W. Norton)
-
To be sure, Walt considers ideology in his formulation. He does so, however, in attempting to understand why states align together rather than why they balance against others. This is a fundamental difference. On balancing motivations, see Edward Vose Gulick, Europe's Classical Balance of Power (New York: W.W. Norton, 1955)
-
(1955)
Europe's Classical Balance of Power
-
-
Gulick, E.V.1
-
33
-
-
33748454866
-
-
Also see footnotes 6 and 7 herein
-
Also see footnotes 6 and 7 herein.
-
-
-
-
34
-
-
0343898289
-
"Explaining Third World Alignment"
-
David, "Explaining Third World Alignment," 252.
-
-
-
David1
-
35
-
-
33748456509
-
-
The Persian Gulf consists of Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain
-
The Persian Gulf consists of Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain.
-
-
-
-
36
-
-
33748473191
-
"Balancing Power Classically: An Alternative to Collective Security"
-
See in ed. George W. Downs (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
-
See Michael W. Doyle, "Balancing Power Classically: An Alternative to Collective Security," in Collective Security beyond the Cold War, ed. George W. Downs (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994, 147, 149-62
-
(1994)
Collective Security Beyond the Cold War
, vol.147
, pp. 149-162
-
-
Doyle, M.W.1
-
38
-
-
0039195031
-
"Historical Reality"
-
Schroeder, "Historical Reality"
-
-
-
Schroeder1
-
40
-
-
0004350806
-
"Preserving the Unipolar Moment"
-
To some extent, see For an exception that draws on mathematics rather than empirics
-
To some extent, see Mastanduno, "Preserving the Unipolar Moment." For an exception that draws on mathematics rather than empirics
-
-
-
Mastanduno1
-
42
-
-
0003496694
-
-
For an interesting test of balance of power as a distribution rather than policy, see (New York: Columbia University Press)
-
For an interesting test of balance of power as a distribution rather than policy, see Randall L. Schweller, Deadly Imbalances: Tripolarity and Hitler's Strategy ofWorld Conquest (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998).
-
(1998)
Deadly Imbalances: Tripolarity and Hitler's Strategy of World Conquest
-
-
Schweller, R.L.1
-
44
-
-
33748449052
-
-
For an interesting debate on the value and limits of quantitative studies, see (March)
-
For an interesting debate on the value and limits of quantitative studies, see Journal of Conflict Resolution 21 (March 1977): 3-74.
-
(1977)
Journal of Conflict Resolution
, vol.21
, pp. 3-74
-
-
-
45
-
-
0011547811
-
-
Indeed, in a lengthy annotated bibliography on Gulf security, no work identified deals seriously with it. (Boulder: Westview Press)
-
Indeed, in a lengthy annotated bibliography on Gulf security, no work identified deals seriously with it. Anthony H. Cordesman, After the Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), 757-71.
-
(1993)
After the Storm: The Changing Military Balance in the Middle East
, pp. 757-771
-
-
Cordesman, A.H.1
-
46
-
-
84935995217
-
-
For an exception on the period of 1955-1979, see
-
For an exception on the period of 1955-1979, see Walt, The Origins of Alliances.
-
The Origins of Alliances
-
-
Walt1
-
47
-
-
33748472791
-
-
correspondence with author, 8 December
-
Steven David, correspondence with author, 8 December 2004.
-
(2004)
-
-
David, S.1
-
48
-
-
84937287318
-
"Bismarck or Britain: Toward an American Grand Strategy after Bipolarity"
-
See (Spring)
-
See Josef Joffe, "Bismarck or Britain: Toward an American Grand Strategy after Bipolarity," International Security 19, no. 4 (Spring 1995): 94-117.
-
(1995)
International Security
, vol.19
, Issue.4
, pp. 94-117
-
-
Joffe, J.1
-
49
-
-
84974250841
-
"The Place of the Balancer in Balance of Power Theory"
-
On the characteristics of a credible balancer, see
-
On the characteristics of a credible balancer, see Michael Sheehan, "The Place of the Balancer in Balance of Power Theory," Review of International Studies 15, no. 2 (1989): 128-29.
-
(1989)
Review of International Studies
, vol.15
, Issue.2
, pp. 128-129
-
-
Sheehan, M.1
-
50
-
-
84896161684
-
"The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Gulf Security"
-
See in ed. David E. Long and Christian Koch (London: I.B. Tauris)
-
See Robert V. Barylski, "The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Gulf Security," in Gulf Security In The Twenty-First Century, ed. David E. Long and Christian Koch (London: I.B. Tauris, 1997), 98.
-
(1997)
Gulf Security In The Twenty-First Century
, pp. 98
-
-
Barylski, R.V.1
-
52
-
-
84950871579
-
"Losing the moment? The United States and the World after the Cold War"
-
See (Spring)
-
See Zalmay Khalilzad, "Losing the moment? The United States and the World after the Cold War," The Washington Quarterly 18, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 87-105.
-
(1995)
The Washington Quarterly
, vol.18
, Issue.2
, pp. 87-105
-
-
Khalilzad, Z.1
-
53
-
-
84896256129
-
"The Dragon's Reach: China and Southeast Asia"
-
See in ed. Ted Galen Carpenter and James A. Dorn (Washington, DC: Cato Institute)
-
See Marvin C. Ott, "The Dragon's Reach: China and Southeast Asia," in China's Future: Constructive Partner or Emerging Threat? ed. Ted Galen Carpenter and James A. Dorn (Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2000), 118-26.
-
(2000)
China's Future: Constructive Partner or Emerging Threat?
, pp. 118-126
-
-
Ott, M.C.1
-
54
-
-
84925035792
-
"Wealth, Power, and Instability: East Asia and the United States after the Cold War"
-
(Winter
-
Richard K. Betts, "Wealth, Power, and Instability: East Asia and the United States after the Cold War," International Security 18, no. 3 (Winter 1993/94): 34-77.
-
(1993)
International Security
, vol.18
, Issue.3
, pp. 34-77
-
-
Betts, R.K.1
-
55
-
-
84927103054
-
"The South Asian Security Balance in a Western Dominant World"
-
in ed. T.V. Paul, James J. Wirtz, and Michel Fortmann (Stanford: Stanford University Press)
-
Raju G. C. Thomas, "The South Asian Security Balance in a Western Dominant World," in Balance of Power: Theory and Practice In the 21st Century, ed. T.V. Paul, James J. Wirtz, and Michel Fortmann (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004), 305.
-
(2004)
Balance of Power: Theory and Practice In the 21st Century
, pp. 305
-
-
Thomas, R.G.C.1
-
57
-
-
0343898289
-
"Explaining Third World Alignment"
-
David, "Explaining Third World Alignment," 252.
-
-
-
David1
-
59
-
-
33748466319
-
-
Game theory might treat this as a nested game in future work
-
Game theory might treat this as a nested game in future work.
-
-
-
-
62
-
-
79953114449
-
-
For perhaps the most lucid discussion, see esp
-
For perhaps the most lucid discussion, see Sheehan, The Balance of Power, esp. 65-71.
-
The Balance of Power
, pp. 65-71
-
-
Sheehan1
-
63
-
-
33748469134
-
"Balancing"
-
On the strategic model, see in On semi-automatic conceptions, see Inis Claude, Power and International Relations (New York: 1962), esp. 47-49
-
On the strategic model, see Doyle, "Balancing," in Collective Security, 144-46. On semi-automatic conceptions, see Inis Claude, Power and International Relations (New York: 1962), esp. 47-49.
-
Collective Security
, pp. 144-146
-
-
Doyle1
-
70
-
-
33748446417
-
-
In ed., (New York: Columbia University Press)
-
In Robert O. Keohane, ed., Neorealism and its Critics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986), 123.
-
(1986)
Neorealism and Its Critics
, pp. 123
-
-
Keohane, R.O.1
-
73
-
-
33748462287
-
-
correspondence with author, 2 September
-
David Lake, correspondence with author, 2 September 2000.
-
(2000)
-
-
Lake, D.1
-
74
-
-
0004350806
-
"Preserving the Unipolar Moment"
-
Mastanduno, "Preserving the Unipolar Moment," 52-53.
-
-
-
Mastanduno1
-
75
-
-
0004350806
-
"Preserving the Unipolar Moment"
-
See
-
See ibid.
-
-
-
Mastanduno1
-
76
-
-
0010926703
-
"Balancing, Stability, and War: The Mysterious Case of the Napoleonic International System"
-
Also see (December)
-
Also see Richard Rosecrance and Chih-Cheng Lo, "Balancing, Stability, and War: The Mysterious Case of the Napoleonic International System," International Studies Quarterly 40, no. 4 (December 1996): 479-500
-
(1996)
International Studies Quarterly
, vol.40
, Issue.4
, pp. 479-500
-
-
Rosecrance, R.1
Lo, C.-C.2
-
77
-
-
33748458083
-
Thus, using neorealism, one scholar predicts China will balance the United States after the Cold War
-
Walt, The Origins of Alliances. Thus, using neorealism, one scholar predicts China will balance the United States after the Cold War.
-
The Origins of Alliances
-
-
Walt1
-
78
-
-
0007553629
-
"International Structures and Chinese Foreign Policy"
-
See in ed. Samuel S. Kim (Boulder: Westview Press) esp
-
See Alastair Ian Johnston, "International Structures and Chinese Foreign Policy" in China and the World: Chinese Foreign Policy Faces the New Millennium, ed. Samuel S. Kim (Boulder: Westview Press, 1998), esp. 60.
-
(1998)
China and the World: Chinese Foreign Policy Faces the New Millennium
, pp. 60
-
-
Johnston, A.I.1
-
79
-
-
0001873679
-
"Horses For Courses: Why Not Neorealist Theories Of Foreign Policy?"
-
See (Autumn)
-
See Colin Elman, "Horses For Courses: Why Not Neorealist Theories Of Foreign Policy?" Security Studies 6, no. 1 (Autumn 1996): 10-11.
-
(1996)
Security Studies
, vol.6
, Issue.1
, pp. 10-11
-
-
Elman, C.1
-
80
-
-
0002487538
-
"International Politics Is Not Foreign Policy"
-
For Waltz's rebuttal, see (Autumn)
-
For Waltz's rebuttal, see Kenneth N. Waltz, "International Politics Is Not Foreign Policy," Security Studies 6, no. 1 (Autumn 1996): 54-57.
-
(1996)
Security Studies
, vol.6
, Issue.1
, pp. 54-57
-
-
Waltz, K.N.1
-
81
-
-
33748462874
-
"Horses For Courses"
-
See He believes Waltz does employ rational choice thinking, 43
-
See Elman, "Horses For Courses," 42-43. He believes Waltz does employ rational choice thinking, 43.
-
-
-
Elman1
-
83
-
-
0039195031
-
"Historical Reality"
-
Schroeder, "Historical Reality."
-
-
-
Schroeder1
-
84
-
-
25644440578
-
"Soft Balancing against the United States"
-
As opposed to "soft balancing" which is primarily non-militarily based. See (Summer)
-
As opposed to "soft balancing" which is primarily non-militarily based. See Robert A. Pape, "Soft Balancing against the United States," International Security 30, no. 1 (Summer 2005): 7-45.
-
(2005)
International Security
, vol.30
, Issue.1
, pp. 7-45
-
-
Pape, R.A.1
-
85
-
-
25644448733
-
"Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy"
-
Also see (Summer) esp
-
Also see T.V. Paul, "Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy," International Security 30, no. 1 (Summer 2005): Esp. 58-59.
-
(2005)
International Security
, vol.30
, Issue.1
, pp. 58-59
-
-
Paul, T.V.1
-
86
-
-
33748467409
-
"The Place of the Balancer"
-
Also see Gulick, This would be less true, however, of the interpretation even in this paper of neorealism's version
-
Sheehan, "The Place of the Balancer." Also see Gulick, Europe's Classical Balance of Power, 67-70. This would be less true, however, of the interpretation even in this paper of neorealism's version.
-
Europe's Classical Balance of Power
, pp. 67-70
-
-
Sheehan1
-
89
-
-
0031476202
-
"Perceptions and Alliances in Europe, 1865-1940"
-
For insights into the importance of the perception of the balance of power, see (Winter)
-
For insights into the importance of the perception of the balance of power, see Thomas J. Christensen, "Perceptions and Alliances in Europe, 1865-1940," International Organization 51, no. 1 (Winter 1997): 65-97.
-
(1997)
International Organization
, vol.51
, Issue.1
, pp. 65-97
-
-
Christensen, T.J.1
-
92
-
-
0003810914
-
-
That is what measures of power, such as cow, seek to capture. On cow, see esp
-
That is what measures of power, such as cow, seek to capture. On cow, see Ibid., esp. 26-27.
-
Deadly Imbalances
, pp. 26-27
-
-
Schweller1
-
93
-
-
84937307328
-
"An Assessment of the Iranian Military Rearmament Program"
-
See (October-December) Figure 1
-
See James W. Moore, "An Assessment of the Iranian Military Rearmament Program," Comparative Strategy 13, no. 4 (October-December 1994): Figure 1, 377.
-
(1994)
Comparative Strategy
, vol.13
, Issue.4
, pp. 377
-
-
Moore, J.W.1
-
94
-
-
84937307328
-
"An Assessment of the Iranian Military Rearmament Program"
-
See (October-December) Figure 4 381
-
Ibid., Figure 4, 381.
-
(1994)
Comparative Strategy
, vol.13
, Issue.4
-
-
Moore, J.W.1
-
96
-
-
84976004042
-
"Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method"
-
(September)
-
Arend Lijphart, "Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method," American Political Science Review 65, no. 3 (September 1971): 689.
-
(1971)
American Political Science Review
, vol.65
, Issue.3
, pp. 689
-
-
Lijphart, A.1
-
99
-
-
33748476272
-
-
Prince Bandar bin Sultan, Saudi Ambassador to the United States, interview with author, 28 October 1997, Washington, DC. Also see
-
Prince Bandar bin Sultan, Saudi Ambassador to the United States, interview with author, 28 October 1997, Washington, DC. Also see Yetiv, America and the Persian Gulf.
-
America and the Persian Gulf
-
-
Yetiv1
-
100
-
-
33748462107
-
-
See statements by Secretary of Defense Harold Brown and General Jones, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in U.S. House, (Washington, DC: GPO) 221
-
See statements by Secretary of Defense Harold Brown and General Jones, former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in U.S. House, Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Year 1981, Part I (Washington, DC: GPO, 1980), 202-03, 221.
-
(1980)
Foreign Assistance Legislation for Fiscal Year 1981
, Issue.PART I
, pp. 202-203
-
-
-
101
-
-
33748462286
-
-
Also see U.S. Congress, (Washington, DC: Congressional Budget Office) XIV, 4
-
Also see U.S. Congress,Rapid Deployment Forces: Policy and Budgetary Implications (Washington, DC: Congressional Budget Office, 1983), XIV, 4, 8, 11
-
(1983)
Rapid Deployment Forces: Policy and Budgetary Implications
, vol.8
, pp. 11
-
-
-
103
-
-
33748453023
-
-
See record of testimony by General Commander in Chief of the U.S. Central Command, before Senate Armed Services Committee, 101st Cong., 2nd sess., 8 February (Henceforth this reference is cited as Schwarzkopf statement.)
-
See record of testimony by General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, Commander in Chief of the U.S. Central Command, before Senate Armed Services Committee, 101st Cong., 2nd sess., 8 February 1990, 173-302. (Henceforth this reference is cited as Schwarzkopf statement.)
-
(1990)
, pp. 173-302
-
-
Schwarzkopf, H.N.1
-
105
-
-
33748472996
-
"U.S. Officials React Warily; Put Bakhtiar Odds at 50-50"
-
Also see 17 January
-
Also see Bernard Gwertzman, "U.S. Officials React Warily; Put Bakhtiar Odds at 50-50," New York Times, 17 January 1979.
-
(1979)
New York Times
-
-
Gwertzman, B.1
-
111
-
-
33748453216
-
-
See, for instance, memorandum, U.S. Department of State, 7 October
-
See, for instance, Nicholas A. Veliotes to Lawrence Eagleburger, memorandum, U.S. Department of State, 7 October 1983, 2.
-
(1983)
, pp. 2
-
-
Veliotes, N.A.1
Eagleburger, L.2
-
112
-
-
33748444553
-
-
On perceptions of the Iranian threat, see the (Washington, DC: GPO) (Henceforth, this is referred to as the Iran-Contra Affair report.)
-
On perceptions of the Iranian threat, see the Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair (Washington, DC: GPO, 1987), 159. (Henceforth, this is referred to as the Iran-Contra Affair report.)
-
(1987)
Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair
, pp. 159
-
-
-
113
-
-
33748465728
-
-
Rumsfeld Mission, U.S. Department of State, London 27572: 13 January release
-
Rumsfeld Mission, U.S. Department of State, London 27572: 13 January 1994 release.
-
(1994)
-
-
-
114
-
-
33748468183
-
-
Rumsfeld Mission, U.S. Department of State, London 27572: 13 January release
-
Ibid.
-
(1994)
-
-
-
116
-
-
84928459895
-
"Iran's Quest for Superpower Status"
-
See (Spring)
-
See Gary Sick, "Iran's Quest for Superpower Status," Foreign Affairs 65 (Spring 1997): 697-715.
-
(1997)
Foreign Affairs
, vol.65
, pp. 697-715
-
-
Sick, G.1
-
118
-
-
33748444370
-
-
GCC was formed in May 1981 and consists of Saudi Arabia, its leader, and Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Bahrain
-
GCC was formed in May 1981 and consists of Saudi Arabia, its leader, and Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Bahrain.
-
-
-
-
119
-
-
33748461577
-
-
This is clear in various declassified memos. See (National Intelligence Council 02545-85: 17 May) Declassified top secret National Security Council draft memo
-
This is clear in various declassified memos. See Graham E. Fuller, Toward a Policy on Iran (National Intelligence Council 02545-85: 17 May 1985). Declassified top secret National Security Council draft memo.
-
(1985)
Toward a Policy on Iran
-
-
Fuller, G.E.1
-
121
-
-
0039046680
-
-
See (New York: Random House) Walsh was the independent council on Iran-Contra
-
See Lawrence E. Walsh, Iran-Contra: The Final Report (New York: Random House, 1994), 16-24. Walsh was the independent council on Iran-Contra.
-
(1994)
Iran-Contra: The Final Report
, pp. 16-24
-
-
Walsh, L.E.1
-
122
-
-
0004128502
-
-
Also see (New York: Bantam Books, February)
-
Also see The Tower Commission Report (New York: Bantam Books, February 1987), 438-49.
-
(1987)
The Tower Commission Report
, pp. 438-449
-
-
-
124
-
-
33748441373
-
-
See declassified memorandum to Robert McFarlane, in US Policy Toward Iran, National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) (NSC/ICS 402010: 11 June) Also see John M. Poindexter to President Reagan, memorandum, 6 January 1983, in Covert Action Finding Regarding Iran, Iran-Contra Affair 0201, National Security Archive
-
See declassified memorandum to Robert McFarlane, in US Policy Toward Iran, National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) (NSC/ICS 402010: 11 June 1985). Also see John M. Poindexter to President Reagan, memorandum, 6 January 1983, in Covert Action Finding Regarding Iran, Iran-Contra Affair 0201, National Security Archive.
-
(1985)
-
-
-
126
-
-
33748446763
-
-
to the director of the CIA, declassified memorandum
-
Graham Fuller to the director of the CIA, declassified memorandum, in Toward A Policy on Iran.
-
Toward A Policy on Iran
-
-
Fuller, G.1
-
130
-
-
84906608013
-
"The U.S. Overture to Iran, 1985-1986: An Analysis"
-
On U.S. motivations, see in ed. Nikki R. Keddie and Mark J. Gasiorowski (New Haven: Yale University Press)
-
On U.S. motivations, see James A. Bill, "The U.S. Overture to Iran, 1985-1986: An Analysis," in Neither East Nor West: Iran, The Soviet Union, and the United States, ed. Nikki R. Keddie and Mark J. Gasiorowski (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990).
-
(1990)
Neither East Nor West: Iran, The Soviet Union, and the United States
-
-
Bill, J.A.1
-
131
-
-
33748463573
-
-
General chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, interview with author, 30 May 1996, Alexandria, VA
-
General Colin Powell, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, interview with author, 30 May 1996, Alexandria, VA.
-
-
-
Powell, C.1
-
132
-
-
33748450099
-
-
Iran-Contra Affair Report
-
Iran-Contra Affair report, 228-29
-
-
-
-
133
-
-
33748457295
-
-
Tower Commission Report
-
Tower Commission Report, 225.
-
-
-
-
135
-
-
85022056875
-
-
On the vice president's role, see report
-
On the vice president's role, see Iran-Contra Affair report, 247-48.
-
Iran-Contra Affair
, pp. 247-248
-
-
-
136
-
-
79960074191
-
-
For instance, NSDD, (NSC/ICS 402010: draft)
-
For instance, NSDD, US Policy Toward Iran (NSC/ICS 402010: Draft)
-
US Policy Toward Iran
-
-
-
140
-
-
33748449265
-
-
Robert McFarlane to the White House, top secret memorandum, 17 June
-
Robert McFarlane to the White House, top secret memorandum, 17 June 1985.
-
(1985)
-
-
-
141
-
-
0004128502
-
-
(New York: Bantam Books, February esp. 28, 36-39
-
Tower Commission Report (New York: Bantam Books, February 1987), esp. 28, 36-39, 20-225.
-
(1987)
Tower Commission Report
, pp. 20-225
-
-
-
142
-
-
33748449644
-
-
Also see Iran-Contra Affair report
-
Also see Iran-Contra Affair report, 277-78.
-
-
-
-
143
-
-
33748473386
-
-
See Iran-Contra Affair report, 163
-
See Iran-Contra Affair report, 163, 167
-
-
-
-
144
-
-
33748468560
-
-
Iran-Contra: The Final Report
-
Walsh, Iran-Contra: The Final Report, 10.
-
-
-
Walsh, L.E.1
-
145
-
-
33748466143
-
-
Iran-Contra Affair report
-
Iran-Contra Affair report, 193.
-
-
-
-
146
-
-
0003460355
-
-
On the role of high-level administration officials, see (New York: W.W. Norton)
-
On the role of high-level administration officials, see Lawrence E. Walsh, Firewall: The Iran-Contra Conspiracy and Cover-Up (New York: W.W. Norton, 1997).
-
(1997)
Firewall: The Iran-Contra Conspiracy and Cover-Up
-
-
Walsh, L.E.1
-
147
-
-
0004185307
-
-
See 11 February
-
See New York Times, 11 February 1987.
-
(1987)
New York Times
-
-
-
148
-
-
34547521498
-
-
See (Boulder: Westview Press)
-
See Shahram Chubin and Charles Tripp, Iran And Iraq At War (Boulder: Westview Press, 1988), 196-97.
-
(1988)
Iran And Iraq At War
, pp. 196-197
-
-
Chubin, S.1
Tripp, C.2
-
150
-
-
33748471312
-
-
Also see text of interview with Assistant Secretary Richard Murphy (ibid.). In addition, see record of testimony by before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 16 June 1987, August
-
Also see text of interview with Assistant Secretary Richard Murphy (ibid.). In addition, see record of testimony by Michael H. Armacost before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 16 June 1987, Department of State Bulletin 87, August 1987.
-
(1987)
Department of State Bulletin
, vol.87
-
-
Armacost, M.H.1
-
151
-
-
33748459413
-
"US Navy: Iran Triples Gulf Deployed Missiles"
-
Also see Reuters 20 July
-
Also see Reuters, "US Navy: Iran Triples Gulf Deployed Missiles," 20 July 1996.
-
(1996)
-
-
-
154
-
-
33748470093
-
"US Navy: Iran Triples Gulf Deployed Missiles"
-
Reuters
-
Reuters, "US Navy: Iran Triples Gulf Deployed Missiles."
-
-
-
-
155
-
-
33748469716
-
-
See record of testimony before subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, 3 March in (Washington, DC: GPO, 1988), Table 2
-
See George B. Crist, record of testimony before subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, 3 March 1988, in Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1989 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1988), Table 2, 178.
-
(1988)
Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1989
, pp. 178
-
-
Crist, G.B.1
-
156
-
-
33748453885
-
-
Sandra Charles, interview with author, 5 June 1997, Washington, DC. Charles was part of that team. For a good summary of the reflagging mission, see
-
Sandra Charles, interview with author, 5 June 1997, Washington, DC. Charles was part of that team. For a good summary of the reflagging mission, see Middle East Contemporary Survey 11 (1987): 29-35.
-
(1987)
Middle East Contemporary Survey
, vol.11
, pp. 29-35
-
-
-
157
-
-
33748476044
-
-
Hearings and Markup Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, HR Res.216, 100th Congress
-
Overview of the Situation in the Persian Gulf, Hearings and Markup Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, HR Res.216, 100th Congress, (1987), 302.
-
(1987)
Overview of the Situation in the Persian Gulf
, pp. 302
-
-
-
158
-
-
33748462106
-
-
Also see Staff Report to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, (November)
-
Also see Staff Report to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, War in the Persian Gulf: The U.S. Takes Sides (November 1987).
-
(1987)
War in the Persian Gulf: The U.S. Takes Sides
-
-
-
159
-
-
33748474974
-
-
On these exercises, see statement
-
On these exercises, see Schwarzkopf statement, 55.
-
-
-
Schwarzkopf1
-
160
-
-
33748441185
-
-
interview
-
Charles, interview.
-
-
-
Charles1
-
161
-
-
33748460299
-
-
Issue 36749. Presidential Determination 87-20, (23 September)
-
Presidential Determination 87-20, Federal Register 52, no. 36749 (23 September 1987).
-
(1987)
Federal Register
, vol.52
-
-
-
163
-
-
85033525758
-
-
interview, PBS, 9 and 10 January
-
Richard Haass, interview, Frontline, PBS, 9 and 10 January 1996.
-
(1996)
Frontline
-
-
Haass, R.1
-
164
-
-
0005276909
-
"Backfire: US Policy Toward Iraq, 1988-2 August 1990"
-
For more extensive analysison this period see (Winter) esp
-
For more extensive analysison this period see Zachary Karabell, "Backfire: US Policy Toward Iraq, 1988-2 August 1990," Middle East Journal 49, no.1 (Winter 1995): Esp. 32-38.
-
(1995)
Middle East Journal
, vol.49
, Issue.1
, pp. 32-38
-
-
Karabell, Z.1
-
166
-
-
27844529802
-
-
This is made clear in critical staff reports to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in (Washington, DC: GPO, October) and in Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein (Washington, DC: GPO, November 1991)
-
This is made clear in critical staff reports to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in Chemical Weapons Use in Kurdistan: Iraq's Final Offensive (Washington, DC: GPO, October 1988) and in Kurdistan in the Time of Saddam Hussein (Washington, DC: GPO, November 1991).
-
(1988)
Chemical Weapons Use in Kurdistan: Iraq's Final Offensive
-
-
-
167
-
-
0012703670
-
-
Quoted in (New York: Random House)
-
Quoted in Micah L. Sifry and Christopher Serf, The GulfWar Reader: History, Documents, Opinions (New York: Random House, 1991), 102.
-
(1991)
The GulfWar Reader: History, Documents, Opinions
, pp. 102
-
-
Sifry, M.L.1
Serf, C.2
-
169
-
-
33748440373
-
"Saddam Hussein's speech to the Arab Cooperation Council"
-
See
-
See "Saddam Hussein's speech to the Arab Cooperation Council."
-
-
-
-
170
-
-
85033525758
-
-
General interview, PBS, 9 and 10 January
-
General Colin Powell, interview, Frontline, PBS, 9 and 10 January 1996.
-
(1996)
Frontline
-
-
Powell, C.1
-
171
-
-
33748472590
-
-
Hare report to Secretary James Baker, 23 March 1989, in Iraqgate Collection, fiche 123, National Security Archive
-
Hare report to Secretary James Baker, 23 March 1989, in Iraqgate Collection, fiche 123, National Security Archive.
-
-
-
-
172
-
-
85033525758
-
-
Deputy National Security Adviser, interview, PBS, 9 and 10 January
-
Robert Gates, Deputy National Security Adviser, interview, Frontline, PBS, 9 and 10 January 1996.
-
(1996)
Frontline
-
-
Gates, R.1
-
173
-
-
85033525758
-
-
interview, PBS, 9 and 10 January
-
James Baker, interview, Frontline, PBS, 9 and 10 January 1996.
-
(1996)
Frontline
-
-
Baker, J.1
-
175
-
-
33748459223
-
-
interview with author, 19 February Washington, DC
-
Brent Scowcroft, interview with author, 19 February 1999, Washington, DC.
-
(1999)
-
-
Scowcroft, B.1
-
176
-
-
33748458443
-
-
interview (off-the-record)
-
Scowcroft, interview (off-the-record).
-
-
-
Scowcroft, B.1
-
177
-
-
33748442299
-
"Backfire"
-
For a brief recapitulation of this approach, see esp
-
For a brief recapitulation of this approach, see Karabell, "Backfire," esp. 31-33.
-
-
-
Karabell, Z.1
-
178
-
-
33748441184
-
-
interview with author, 30 June Washington, DC. Pollack was a CIA analyst at the time
-
Kenneth Pollack, interview with author, 30 June 2005, Washington, DC. Pollack was a CIA analyst at the time.
-
(2005)
-
-
Pollack, K.1
-
180
-
-
33748448847
-
-
Deputy to the Deputy Secretary of State, telephone interview with author, 29 July
-
Kenneth Juster, Deputy to the Deputy Secretary of State, telephone interview with author, 29 July 1996.
-
(1996)
-
-
Juster, K.1
-
181
-
-
33748453886
-
"Excerpts from Iraqi Document on Meeting With U.S. Envoy"
-
For the text of the transcript of the Glaspie meeting, see 23 September
-
For the text of the transcript of the Glaspie meeting, see "Excerpts from Iraqi Document on Meeting With U.S. Envoy," New York Times, 23 September 1990.
-
(1990)
New York Times
-
-
-
182
-
-
33748449051
-
-
Deputy Secretary of State, telephone interview with author, 23 July
-
Lawrence Eagleburger, Deputy Secretary of State, telephone interview with author, 23 July 1996.
-
(1996)
-
-
Eagleburger, L.1
-
183
-
-
33748447670
-
"Thinking About a Policy for Iraq"
-
12 January in Iraqgate Collection, fiche 179
-
"Thinking About a Policy for Iraq," 12 January 1990, in Iraqgate Collection, fiche 179.
-
(1990)
-
-
-
184
-
-
0003581609
-
-
Indeed, David Lake points out that U.S. foreign policy has always shifted between approaches of unilateralism and security cooperation, and within the latter between more anarchic and more hierarchical security relationships. See (Princeton: Princeton University Press)
-
Indeed, David Lake points out that U.S. foreign policy has always shifted between approaches of unilateralism and security cooperation, and within the latter between more anarchic and more hierarchical security relationships. See David Lake, Entangling Relations: American foreign policy in its century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), 285.
-
(1999)
Entangling Relations: American Foreign Policy in Its Century
, pp. 285
-
-
Lake, D.1
-
188
-
-
21844491800
-
"The False Promise of International Institutions"
-
(Winter) esp. 26-34
-
John J. Mearsheimer, "The False Promise of International Institutions," International Security 19, no. 3 (Winter 1994/95): Esp. 26-34.
-
(1994)
International Security
, vol.19
, Issue.3
-
-
Mearsheimer, J.J.1
-
190
-
-
84924213692
-
"Concerts, Collective Security, and the Future of Europe"
-
See (Summer) esp. 119
-
See Charles A. Kupchan and Clifford A. Kupchan, "Concerts, Collective Security, and the Future of Europe," International Security 16, no. 1 (Summer 1991): Esp. 119.
-
(1991)
International Security
, vol.16
, Issue.1
-
-
Kupchan, C.A.1
Kupchan, C.A.2
-
191
-
-
33748461392
-
-
Secretary of State, interview with author, 26 July Washington, DC
-
James Baker, Secretary of State, interview with author, 26 July 1996, Washington, DC.
-
(1996)
-
-
Baker, J.1
-
192
-
-
33748447861
-
-
interview with author; Baker, interview with author
-
Powell, interview with author; Baker, interview with author.
-
-
-
Powell, C.1
-
193
-
-
33748472995
-
-
interview with author; Scowcroft, interview
-
Powell, interview with author; Scowcroft, interview.
-
-
-
Powell, C.1
-
194
-
-
33748473385
-
-
In dozens of hours of Frontline interviews with decision makers, the word "balance" was used only twice; the term "balance of power" was used only once
-
In dozens of hours of Frontline interviews with decision makers, the word "balance" was used only twice; the term "balance of power" was used only once.
-
-
-
-
195
-
-
33748448056
-
-
interview with author
-
Baker, interview with author.
-
-
-
Baker, J.1
-
196
-
-
33748462675
-
-
Off-the-record interview with author
-
Off-the-record interview with author.
-
-
-
-
197
-
-
33748456914
-
-
interview
-
Gates, interview.
-
-
-
Gates, R.1
-
198
-
-
33748450513
-
-
This paragraph is based on author's interview with Ambassador Chas W. Freeman, Jr. who worked with General Schwarzkopf in theater, 19 February 1999, Washington, DC
-
This paragraph is based on author's interview with Ambassador Chas W. Freeman, Jr. who worked with General Schwarzkopf in theater, 19 February 1999, Washington, DC.
-
-
-
-
199
-
-
33748464350
-
-
telephone interview
-
Eagleburger, telephone interview.
-
-
-
Eagleburger, L.1
-
200
-
-
33748461024
-
-
Dual containment lasted until 1998 when the United States adopted "containment-plus," but this study covers the period until 1996
-
Dual containment lasted until 1998 when the United States adopted "containment-plus," but this study covers the period until 1996.
-
-
-
-
201
-
-
0002974117
-
"Confronting Backlash States"
-
(March-April)
-
Anthony Lake, "Confronting Backlash States," Foreign Affairs 73, no. 2 (March-April 1994); 48.
-
(1994)
Foreign Affairs
, vol.73
, Issue.2
, pp. 48
-
-
Lake, A.1
-
202
-
-
33748465936
-
"U.S. Policy Toward Iran and Iraq: Symposium on Dual Containment"
-
2, this is done
-
Martin Indyk et al., "U.S. Policy Toward Iran and Iraq: Symposium on Dual Containment," Middle East Policy 3, no. 1 (1994); 2, 15. this is done
-
(1994)
Middle East Policy
, vol.3
, Issue.1
, pp. 15
-
-
Indyk, M.1
-
203
-
-
0002974117
-
"Confronting Backlash States"
-
Lake, "Confronting Backlash States," 46.
-
-
-
Lake, A.1
-
204
-
-
84937265365
-
"Differentiated Containment"
-
Martin Indyk, Speech to the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, (18 May 1993). For the most recent critique of dual containment, see (May/June)
-
Martin Indyk, Speech to the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, (18 May 1993). For the most recent critique of dual containment, see Zbigniew Brzezinski, Brent Scowcroft, and Richard Murphy, "Differentiated Containment," Foreign Affairs 76, no. 3 (May/June 1997): 20-30.
-
(1997)
Foreign Affairs
, vol.76
, Issue.3
, pp. 20-30
-
-
Brzezinski, Z.1
Scowcroft, B.2
Murphy, R.3
-
205
-
-
0002974117
-
"Confronting Backlash States"
-
Lake, "Confronting Backlash States," 52.
-
-
-
Lake, A.1
-
206
-
-
84896232247
-
"The Illogic of Dual Containment"
-
(March/April)
-
F. Gregory Gause III, "The Illogic of Dual Containment," Foreign Affairs 73, no. 2 (March/April 1994): 60.
-
(1994)
Foreign Affairs
, vol.73
, Issue.2
, pp. 60
-
-
Gause III, F.G.1
-
210
-
-
33748459038
-
-
Under Secretary of Political Affairs, in (13 November)
-
Peter Tarnoff, Under Secretary of Political Affairs, in US Department of State Dispatch 6 (13 November 1994): 832.
-
(1994)
US Department of State Dispatch
, vol.6
, pp. 832
-
-
Tarnoff, P.1
-
211
-
-
33748443587
-
"American Objectives in the Middle East"
-
Also see Lake, "Confronting Backlash States." For a more recent statement, see in (3 June)
-
Also see Lake, "Confronting Backlash States." For a more recent statement, see Robert H. Pelletreau, "American Objectives in the Middle East," in US Department of State Dispatch 7 (3 June 1996): 286.
-
(1996)
US Department of State Dispatch
, vol.7
, pp. 286
-
-
Pelletreau, R.H.1
-
212
-
-
33748445509
-
"Symposium on Dual Containment"
-
See, for instance, Also see Lake, "Confronting Backlash States," esp. 48-50
-
See, for instance, Indyk et al., "Symposium on Dual Containment," 2. Also see Lake, "Confronting Backlash States," esp. 48-50
-
-
-
Indyk, M.1
-
213
-
-
84896183809
-
"Are We Stuck in Iraq?"
-
21 March
-
Shibley Telhami, "Are We Stuck in Iraq?" Thawra Net-Watch, 21 March 2005.
-
(2005)
Thawra Net-Watch
-
-
Telhami, S.1
-
214
-
-
0003413483
-
-
(New York: Harper & Row) Toulmin refers to post-diction as retro-diction in that it aims to "predict the nature of things yet to be discovered about the past."
-
Stephen Toulmin, Foresight and Understanding: An Enquiry into the aims of Science (New York: Harper & Row, 1961), 26. Toulmin refers to post-diction as retro-diction in that it aims to "predict the nature of things yet to be discovered about the past."
-
(1961)
Foresight and Understanding: An Enquiry Into the Aims of Science
, pp. 26
-
-
Toulmin, S.1
-
215
-
-
33748459221
-
-
Special Assistant to the President for Near East and South Asian Affairs, telephone interview with author, 13 June
-
Richard Haass, Special Assistant to the President for Near East and South Asian Affairs, telephone interview with author, 13 June 1996.
-
(1996)
-
-
Haass, R.1
-
218
-
-
1642628059
-
"Bandwagoning for Profit"
-
See
-
See Schweller, "Bandwagoning for Profit."
-
-
-
Schweller, R.L.1
-
219
-
-
33748469529
-
-
interview with author
-
Baker, interview with author.
-
-
-
Baker, J.1
-
220
-
-
84928845929
-
"Iran's Foreign Policy: Contending Orientations"
-
See 2 (Spring)
-
See R.K. Ramazani, "Iran's Foreign Policy: Contending Orientations," Middle East Journal 43, no. 2 (Spring 1989): 204-08.
-
(1989)
Middle East Journal
, vol.43
, Issue.2
, pp. 204-208
-
-
Ramazani, R.K.1
-
222
-
-
33748448649
-
-
Few if any theories exist to help answer this question, a shortcoming recognized by some who helped fashion the U.S. approach toward Iraq after the Iran-Iraq war. Richard Haass, discussion with author, 17 April 1997, New York
-
Few if any theories exist to help answer this question, a shortcoming recognized by some who helped fashion the U.S. approach toward Iraq after the Iran-Iraq war. Richard Haass, discussion with author, 17 April 1997, New York.
-
-
-
-
223
-
-
33748458082
-
"Revolutionary Iran and War With Iraq"
-
See (January) esp
-
See Richard W. Cottam, "Revolutionary Iran and War With Iraq," Current History 80 (January 1981): Esp. 5-9.
-
(1981)
Current History
, vol.80
, pp. 5-9
-
-
Cottam, R.W.1
-
225
-
-
84972167842
-
"Is Realism Dead?: The domestic sources of international politics"
-
On works that find realism obsolete, see (Autumn)
-
On works that find realism obsolete, see Ethan B. Kapstein, "Is Realism Dead?: The domestic sources of international politics," International Organization 49, no. 4 (Autumn 1995): 751-74
-
(1995)
International Organization
, vol.49
, Issue.4
, pp. 751-774
-
-
Kapstein, E.B.1
-
226
-
-
0033442950
-
"Is Anybody Still a Realist?"
-
(Autumn)
-
Jeffrey W. Legro and Andrew Moravcsik, "Is Anybody Still a Realist?" International Security 24, no. 2 (Autumn 1999): 5-55.
-
(1999)
International Security
, vol.24
, Issue.2
, pp. 5-55
-
-
Legro, J.W.1
Moravcsik, A.2
-
227
-
-
33748455843
-
"Bandwaging for Profit"
-
On how balancing is exaggerated to the neglect of bandwagoning, see
-
On how balancing is exaggerated to the neglect of bandwagoning, see Schweller, "Bandwaging for Profit."
-
-
-
Schweller, R.L.1
-
228
-
-
0344243496
-
-
See ed., (Ithaca: Cornell University Press) For an opposing argument that states in fact are balancing against the United States but in ways that are non-militarily based, see Pape, "Soft Balancing against the United States"
-
See G. John Ikenberry, ed., America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002). For an opposing argument that states in fact are balancing against the United States but in ways that are non-militarily based, see Pape, "Soft Balancing against the United States"
-
(2002)
America Unrivaled: The Future of the Balance of Power
-
-
Ikenberry, G.J.1
-
229
-
-
29744450636
-
"Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy"
-
esp
-
Paul, "Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy," esp. 58-59.
-
-
-
Paul, T.V.1
-
230
-
-
33748457489
-
"The Policy of the Reagan Administration toward Iran"
-
See in esp
-
See Eric Hoogland, "The Policy of the Reagan Administration toward Iran," in Neither East Nor West, esp. 190-92.
-
Neither East Nor West
, pp. 190-192
-
-
Hoogland, E.1
|