메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 72, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 5331-5341

Genetic diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in Peromyscus leucopus, the primary reservoir of lyme disease in a region of endemicity in Southern Maryland

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COASTAL ZONES; DISEASE CONTROL; GENETIC ENGINEERING; MICROBIOLOGY; PROTEINS; RESERVOIRS (WATER);

EID: 33747368222     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00014-06     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 16844376446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi ospC heterogeneity among human and murine isolates from a defined region of northern Maryland and southern Pennsylvania: Lack of correlation with invasive and non-invasive genotypes
    • Alghaferi, M. Y., J. M. Anderson, J. Park, P. G. Auwaerter, J. N. Aucott, D. E. Norris, and J. S. Dumler. 2005. Borrelia burgdorferi ospC heterogeneity among human and murine isolates from a defined region of northern Maryland and southern Pennsylvania: lack of correlation with invasive and non-invasive genotypes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:1879-1884.
    • (2005) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.43 , pp. 1879-1884
    • Alghaferi, M.Y.1    Anderson, J.M.2    Park, J.3    Auwaerter, P.G.4    Aucott, J.N.5    Norris, D.E.6    Dumler, J.S.7
  • 2
    • 0023724629 scopus 로고
    • The genes encoding major surface proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi are located on a plasmid
    • Harbour, A. G., and C. K. Garon. 1988. The genes encoding major surface proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi are located on a plasmid. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 539:144-153.
    • (1988) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.539 , pp. 144-153
    • Harbour, A.G.1    Garon, C.K.2
  • 3
    • 8544246396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OspC diversity in Borrelia burgdorferi: Different hosts are different niches
    • Brisson, D., and D. E. Dykhuizen. 2004. ospC diversity in Borrelia burgdorferi: different hosts are different niches. Genetics 104:713-722.
    • (2004) Genetics , vol.104 , pp. 713-722
    • Brisson, D.1    Dykhuizen, D.E.2
  • 4
    • 3142735095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence typing reveals extensive strain diversity of the Lyme borreliosis agents Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii in Europe
    • Bunikis, J., U. Garpmo, J. Tsao, J. Berglund, D. Fish, and A. G. Barbour. 2004. Sequence typing reveals extensive strain diversity of the Lyme borreliosis agents Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii in Europe. Microbiology 150:1741-1755.
    • (2004) Microbiology , vol.150 , pp. 1741-1755
    • Bunikis, J.1    Garpmo, U.2    Tsao, J.3    Berglund, J.4    Fish, D.5    Barbour, A.G.6
  • 5
    • 2142811000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi infection in natural populations of Peromyscus leucopus mice: A longitudinal study in an area where Lyme borreliosis is highly endemic
    • Bunikis, J., J. Tasao, C. Luke, M. Luna, D. Fish, and A. G. Barbour. 2004. Borrelia burgdorferi infection in natural populations of Peromyscus leucopus mice: a longitudinal study in an area where Lyme borreliosis is highly endemic. J. Infect. Dis. 189:1515-1523.
    • (2004) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.189 , pp. 1515-1523
    • Bunikis, J.1    Tasao, J.2    Luke, C.3    Luna, M.4    Fish, D.5    Barbour, A.G.6
  • 6
    • 0028097730 scopus 로고
    • Sequence variation in the outer-surface-protein genes of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Caporale, D. A., and T. D. Kocher. 1994. Sequence variation in the outer-surface-protein genes of Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol. Biol. Evol. 11:51-64.
    • (1994) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.11 , pp. 51-64
    • Caporale, D.A.1    Kocher, T.D.2
  • 7
    • 0035399679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implications of a low rate of horizontal transfer in Borrelia
    • Dvkhuizen, D. E., and G. Baranton. 2001. The implications of a low rate of horizontal transfer in Borrelia. Trends Microbiol. 9:344-350.
    • (2001) Trends Microbiol. , vol.9 , pp. 344-350
    • Dvkhuizen, D.E.1    Baranton, G.2
  • 9
    • 84960612286 scopus 로고
    • Cladistic permutation tests for monophyly and nonmonophyly
    • Faith, D. P. 1991. Cladistic permutation tests for monophyly and nonmonophyly. Syst. Zool. 40:366-375.
    • (1991) Syst. Zool. , vol.40 , pp. 366-375
    • Faith, D.P.1
  • 10
    • 0000461280 scopus 로고
    • Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap
    • Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783-791.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 783-791
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 11
    • 0026321549 scopus 로고
    • Roles of OspA, OspB, and flagellin in protective immunity to Lyme borreliosis in laboratory mice
    • Fikrig, E., S. W. Barthold, N. Marcantonio, K. DePonte, F. Kantor, and R. A. Flavell. 1992. Roles of OspA, OspB, and flagellin in protective immunity to Lyme borreliosis in laboratory mice. Infect. Immun. 60:657-661.
    • (1992) Infect. Immun. , vol.60 , pp. 657-661
    • Fikrig, E.1    Barthold, S.W.2    Marcantonio, N.3    Deponte, K.4    Kantor, F.5    Flavell, R.A.6
  • 12
    • 0036235901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping Lyme disease incidence for diagnostic and preventive decisions, Maryland
    • Frank, C., A. D. Fix, C. A. Pena, and G. T. Strickland. 2002. Mapping Lyme disease incidence for diagnostic and preventive decisions, Maryland. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8:427-429.
    • (2002) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 427-429
    • Frank, C.1    Fix, A.D.2    Pena, C.A.3    Strickland, G.T.4
  • 13
    • 0029152182 scopus 로고
    • Outer surface protein C gene sequence analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from Japan
    • Fukunaga, M., and A. Hamase. 1995. Outer surface protein C gene sequence analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates from Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2415-2420.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 2415-2420
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Hamase, A.2
  • 14
    • 0029836887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia species based on flagellin gene sequences and its application of molecular typing of Lyme disease Borreliae
    • Fukunaga, M., K. Okada, M. Nakao, T. Konishi, and Y. Sato. 1996. Phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia species based on flagellin gene sequences and its application of molecular typing of Lyme disease Borreliae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:898-905.
    • (1996) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.46 , pp. 898-905
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Okada, K.2    Nakao, M.3    Konishi, T.4    Sato, Y.5
  • 15
    • 0027310511 scopus 로고
    • Antigenic and genetic characterization of Borrelia species isolated from Ixodes persulcatus in Hokkaido, Japan
    • Fukunaga, M., M. Sohnaka, Y. Takahashi, M. Nakao, and K. Miyamoto. 1993. Antigenic and genetic characterization of Borrelia species isolated from Ixodes persulcatus in Hokkaido, Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:1388-1391.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 1388-1391
    • Fukunaga, M.1    Sohnaka, M.2    Takahashi, Y.3    Nakao, M.4    Miyamoto, K.5
  • 16
    • 0028026934 scopus 로고
    • Humoral immune response to outer surface protein C of Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme disease: Role of the immunoglobulin M response in the serodiagnosis of early infection
    • Fung, B., G. McHugh, J. Leong, and A. Steere. 1994. Humoral immune response to outer surface protein C of Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme disease: role of the immunoglobulin M response in the serodiagnosis of early infection. Infect. Immun. 62:3213-3221.
    • (1994) Infect. Immun. , vol.62 , pp. 3213-3221
    • Fung, B.1    McHugh, G.2    Leong, J.3    Steere, A.4
  • 18
    • 0030042803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple infections of Ixodes scapularis ticks by Borrelia burgdorferi as revealed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis
    • Guttman, D. S., P. W. Wang, I.-N. Wang, E. M. Bosler, B. J. Luft, and D. E. Dykhuizen. 1996. Multiple infections of Ixodes scapularis ticks by Borrelia burgdorferi as revealed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:652-656.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.34 , pp. 652-656
    • Guttman, D.S.1    Wang, P.W.2    Wang, I.-N.3    Bosler, E.M.4    Luft, B.J.5    Dykhuizen, D.E.6
  • 19
    • 0002051540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT
    • Hall, T. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 41:95-98.
    • (1999) Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. , vol.41 , pp. 95-98
    • Hall, T.1
  • 20
    • 0029155548 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sequentially isolated from Peromyscus leucopus captured at a Lyme disease enzootic site
    • Hofmeister, E., and J. Childs. 1995. Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sequentially isolated from Peromyscus leucopus captured at a Lyme disease enzootic site. J. Infect. Dis. 172:462-469.
    • (1995) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.172 , pp. 462-469
    • Hofmeister, E.1    Childs, J.2
  • 21
    • 0032922920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in a population of Peromyscus leucopus at a Lyme disease-enzootic site in Maryland
    • Hofmeister, E., B. A. Ellis, G. E. Glass, and J. E. Childs. 1999. Longitudinal study of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in a population of Peromyscus leucopus at a Lyme disease-enzootic site in Maryland. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 60:598-609.
    • (1999) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.60 , pp. 598-609
    • Hofmeister, E.1    Ellis, B.A.2    Glass, G.E.3    Childs, J.E.4
  • 22
    • 0032757328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of a naturally occurring heterogeneous mixture of Borrelia burgdorferi clones
    • Hofmeister, E., G. E. Glass, J. E. Childs, and D. H. Persing. 1999. Population dynamics of a naturally occurring heterogeneous mixture of Borrelia burgdorferi clones. Infect. Immun. 67:5709-5716.
    • (1999) Infect. Immun. , vol.67 , pp. 5709-5716
    • Hofmeister, E.1    Glass, G.E.2    Childs, J.E.3    Persing, D.H.4
  • 23
    • 0027320778 scopus 로고
    • Cold SSCP: A simple, rapid and non-radioactive method for optimized single stranded conformation polymorphism analysis
    • Hongyo, T., G. Buzard, R. Calvert, and C. Weghorst. 1993. Cold SSCP: a simple, rapid and non-radioactive method for optimized single stranded conformation polymorphism analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 21:3637-3642.
    • (1993) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.21 , pp. 3637-3642
    • Hongyo, T.1    Buzard, G.2    Calvert, R.3    Weghorst, C.4
  • 25
    • 0029000733 scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of genes encoding outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: Relationship to ospA genotype and evidence of lateral gene exchange of ospC
    • Jauris-Heipke, S., G. Liegl, V. Preac-Mursic, D. Rossler, E. Schwab, E. Soutschek, G. Will, and B. Wilske. 1995. Molecular analysis of genes encoding outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: relationship to ospA genotype and evidence of lateral gene exchange of ospC. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:1860-1866.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 1860-1866
    • Jauris-Heipke, S.1    Liegl, G.2    Preac-Mursic, V.3    Rossler, D.4    Schwab, E.5    Soutschek, E.6    Will, G.7    Wilske, B.8
  • 26
    • 0027048347 scopus 로고
    • Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in ticks by species-specific amplification of the flagellin gene
    • Johnson, B. J., C. M. Happ, L. W. Mayer, and J. Piesman. 1992. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in ticks by species-specific amplification of the flagellin gene. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 47:730-741.
    • (1992) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.47 , pp. 730-741
    • Johnson, B.J.1    Happ, C.M.2    Mayer, L.W.3    Piesman, J.4
  • 27
    • 0036139211 scopus 로고
    • MEGA: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis
    • Kumar, S., K. Tamura, I. Jakobsen, and M. Nei. 1993. MEGA: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis. Bioinformatics 17:1244-1245.
    • (1993) Bioinformatics , vol.17 , pp. 1244-1245
    • Kumar, S.1    Tamura, K.2    Jakobsen, I.3    Nei, M.4
  • 28
    • 0037205671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular diversity of the ospC gene in Borrelia. Impact on phytogeny, epidemiology and pathology
    • Lagal, V., D. Postic, and G. Baranton. 2002. Molecular diversity of the ospC gene in Borrelia. Impact on phytogeny, epidemiology and pathology. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 114:562-567.
    • (2002) Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. , vol.114 , pp. 562-567
    • Lagal, V.1    Postic, D.2    Baranton, G.3
  • 29
    • 0242425755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity among Borrelia strains determined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of ospC gene and its association with invasiveness
    • Lagal, V., D. Postic, E. Ruzic-Sabljic, and G. Baranton. 2003. Genetic diversity among Borrelia strains determined by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of ospC gene and its association with invasiveness. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:5059-5065.
    • (2003) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.41 , pp. 5059-5065
    • Lagal, V.1    Postic, D.2    Ruzic-Sabljic, E.3    Baranton, G.4
  • 30
    • 0026314432 scopus 로고
    • Lyme borreliosis: Relation of its causative agent to its vectors and hosts in North America and Europe
    • Lane, R. S., J. Piesman, and W. Burgdorfer. 1991. Lyme borreliosis: relation of its causative agent to its vectors and hosts in North America and Europe. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 36:587-609.
    • (1991) Annu. Rev. Entomol. , vol.36 , pp. 587-609
    • Lane, R.S.1    Piesman, J.2    Burgdorfer, W.3
  • 31
    • 0036308535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of the outer surface protein C gene of southern Borrelia isolates and its possible epidemiological, clinical, and pathogenetic implications
    • Lin, T., J. H. Oliver, and L. Gao. 2002. Genetic diversity of the outer surface protein C gene of southern Borrelia isolates and its possible epidemiological, clinical, and pathogenetic implications. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:2572-2583.
    • (2002) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.40 , pp. 2572-2583
    • Lin, T.1    Oliver, J.H.2    Gao, L.3
  • 32
    • 0034954858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the southern United States based on restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis
    • Lin, T., J. H. Oliver, Jr., L. Gao, T. M. Kollars, Jr., and K. L. Clark. 2001. Genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the southern United States based on restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:2500-2507.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.39 , pp. 2500-2507
    • Lin, T.1    Oliver Jr., J.H.2    Gao, L.3    Kollars Jr., T.M.4    Clark, K.L.5
  • 33
    • 0028785476 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for lateral transfer and recombination in OspC variation in Lyme disease Borrelia
    • Livey, I., C. P., Gibbbs, R. Schuster, and F. Dorner. 1995. Evidence for lateral transfer and recombination in OspC variation in Lyme disease Borrelia. Mol. Microbiol. 18:257-269.
    • (1995) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.18 , pp. 257-269
    • Livey, I.1    Gibbbs, C.P.2    Schuster, R.3    Dorner, F.4
  • 34
    • 0023918164 scopus 로고
    • Serologic analyses of Peromyscus leucopus, a rodent reservoir for Borrelia burgdorferi, in northeastern United States
    • Magnarelli, L., J. Anderson, K. E. Hyland, D. Fish, and J. McAninch. 1988. Serologic analyses of Peromyscus leucopus, a rodent reservoir for Borrelia burgdorferi, in northeastern United States. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:1138-1141.
    • (1988) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.26 , pp. 1138-1141
    • Magnarelli, L.1    Anderson, J.2    Hyland, K.E.3    Fish, D.4    McAninch, J.5
  • 35
    • 0023783702 scopus 로고
    • Ticks and biting insects infected with the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Magnarelli, L., and J. F. Anderson. 1988. Ticks and biting insects infected with the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Clin. Microbiol. 26:1482-1486.
    • (1988) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.26 , pp. 1482-1486
    • Magnarelli, L.1    Anderson, J.F.2
  • 36
    • 0029097229 scopus 로고
    • Identification of novel insertion elements, restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, and discontinuous 23S rRNA in Lyme disease spirochetes: Phylogenetic analyses of rRNA genes and their intergenic spacers in Borrelia japonica sp. nov. and genomic group 21038 (Borrelia andersonii sp. nov.) isolates
    • Marconi, R. T. 1995. Identification of novel insertion elements, restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns, and discontinuous 23S rRNA in Lyme disease spirochetes: phylogenetic analyses of rRNA genes and their intergenic spacers in Borrelia japonica sp. nov. and genomic group 21038 (Borrelia andersonii sp. nov.) isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:2427-2434.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 2427-2434
    • Marconi, R.T.1
  • 37
    • 0032723040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic analysis of Borrelia garinii OspA serotype 4 strains associated with neuroborreliosis: Evidence for extensive genetic homogeneity
    • Marconi, R. T., S. Hohenberger, S. Jauris-Heipke, U. Schulte-Spechtel, C. P. LaVoie, D. Robler, and B. Wilske. 1999. Genetic analysis of Borrelia garinii OspA serotype 4 strains associated with neuroborreliosis: evidence for extensive genetic homogeneity. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:3965-3970.
    • (1999) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.37 , pp. 3965-3970
    • Marconi, R.T.1    Hohenberger, S.2    Jauris-Heipke, S.3    Schulte-Spechtel, U.4    Lavoie, C.P.5    Robler, D.6    Wilske, B.7
  • 38
    • 0027310615 scopus 로고
    • Variability of osp genes and gene products among species of Lyme disease spirochetes
    • Marconi, R. T., M. E. Konkel, and C. F. Garon. 1993. Variability of osp genes and gene products among species of Lyme disease spirochetes. Infect. Immun. 61:2611-2617.
    • (1993) Infect. Immun. , vol.61 , pp. 2611-2617
    • Marconi, R.T.1    Konkel, M.E.2    Garon, C.F.3
  • 39
    • 0030774855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a bacterial species "made in the USA"?
    • Marti Ras, N., D. Postic, M. Foretz, and G. Baranton. 1997. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, a bacterial species "made in the USA"? Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:1112-1117.
    • (1997) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.47 , pp. 1112-1117
    • Marti Ras, N.1    Postic, D.2    Foretz, M.3    Baranton, G.4
  • 40
    • 0032707366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of members of a Borrelia afzelii-related group isolated from Ixodes nipponensis in Korea as Borrelia valaisiana
    • Masuzawa, T., T. Fukui, M. Miyake, H. B. Oh, M. K. Cho, W. H. Chang, Y. Imai, and Y. Yanagihara. 1999. Determination of members of a Borrelia afzelii-related group isolated from Ixodes nipponensis in Korea as Borrelia valaisiana. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:1409-1415.
    • (1999) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.49 , pp. 1409-1415
    • Masuzawa, T.1    Fukui, T.2    Miyake, M.3    Oh, H.B.4    Cho, M.K.5    Chang, W.H.6    Imai, Y.7    Yanagihara, Y.8
  • 41
    • 0031041398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ospC gene for detection of mixed culture and for epidemiological typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto
    • Masuzawa, T., T. Komikado, and Y. Yanagihara. 1997. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ospC gene for detection of mixed culture and for epidemiological typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 4:60-63.
    • (1997) Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 60-63
    • Masuzawa, T.1    Komikado, T.2    Yanagihara, Y.3
  • 42
    • 0030800115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culturing selects for specific genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi in an enzootic cycle in Colorado
    • Norris, D. E., B. J. Johnson, J. Piesman, G. O. Maupin, J. L. Clark, and W. C. Black. 1997. Culturing selects for specific genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi in an enzootic cycle in Colorado. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:2359-2364.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.35 , pp. 2359-2364
    • Norris, D.E.1    Johnson, B.J.2    Piesman, J.3    Maupin, G.O.4    Clark, J.L.5    Black, W.C.6
  • 43
    • 0031263026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic status of Ixodes neotomae and I. spinipalpis (Acari: Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial DNA evidence
    • Norris, D. E., J. S. H. Klompen, J. E. Keirans, R. S. Lane, J. Piesman, and W. C. T. Black. 1997. Taxonomic status of Ixodes neotomae and I. spinipalpis (Acari: Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial DNA evidence. J. Med. Entomol. 34:696-703.
    • (1997) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.34 , pp. 696-703
    • Norris, D.E.1    Klompen, J.S.H.2    Keirans, J.E.3    Lane, R.S.4    Piesman, J.5    Black, W.C.T.6
  • 44
    • 0024595101 scopus 로고
    • Detection of polymorphisms of human DNA by gel electrophoresis as single-stranded conformation polymorphisms
    • Orita, M., H. Iwahana, H. Kanazawa, K. Hayashi, and T. Sekiya. 1989. Detection of polymorphisms of human DNA by gel electrophoresis as single-stranded conformation polymorphisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2766-2770.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 2766-2770
    • Orita, M.1    Iwahana, H.2    Kanazawa, H.3    Hayashi, K.4    Sekiya, T.5
  • 45
    • 0027483788 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization and expression of p23 (ospC) from a North American strain of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Padula, S. J., A. Sampieri, F. Dias, A. Szczepanski, and R. W. Ryan. 1993. Molecular characterization and expression of p23 (ospC) from a North American strain of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect. Immun. 61:5097-5105.
    • (1993) Infect. Immun. , vol.61 , pp. 5097-5105
    • Padula, S.J.1    Sampieri, A.2    Dias, F.3    Szczepanski, A.4    Ryan, R.W.5
  • 47
    • 0030843505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of immunity to reinfection with tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi in naturally infected mice
    • Piesman, J., M. Dolan, C. M. Happ, B. J. Luft, S. Rooney, T. N. Mather, and W. T. Golde. 1997. Duration of immunity to reinfection with tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi in naturally infected mice. Infect. Immun. 65:4043-4047.
    • (1997) Infect. Immun. , vol.65 , pp. 4043-4047
    • Piesman, J.1    Dolan, M.2    Happ, C.M.3    Luft, B.J.4    Rooney, S.5    Mather, T.N.6    Golde, W.T.7
  • 48
    • 0036183042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of recombination on the accuracy of phytogeny estimation
    • Posada, D., and K. Crandall. 2002. The effect of recombination on the accuracy of phytogeny estimation. J. Mol. Evol. 54:396-402.
    • (2002) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.54 , pp. 396-402
    • Posada, D.1    Crandall, K.2
  • 49
    • 0031773680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeltest: Testing the model of DNA substitution
    • Posada, D., and K. Crandall. 1998. Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14:817-818
    • (1998) Bioinformatics , vol.14 , pp. 817-818
    • Posada, D.1    Crandall, K.2
  • 50
    • 0027944736 scopus 로고
    • Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato evidenced by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rrf (5S)-rrl (23S) intergenic spacer amplicons
    • Postic, D., M. V. Assous, P. A. Grimont, and G. Baranton. 1994. Diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato evidenced by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rrf (5S)-rrl (23S) intergenic spacer amplicons. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:743-752.
    • (1994) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. , vol.44 , pp. 743-752
    • Postic, D.1    Assous, M.V.2    Grimont, P.A.3    Baranton, G.4
  • 51
    • 0031027389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunization with outer surface protein (Osp) A, but not OspC, provides cross-protection of mice challenged with North American isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Probert, W., M. Crawford, R. Cadiz, and R. LeFebvre. 1997. Immunization with outer surface protein (Osp) A, but not OspC, provides cross-protection of mice challenged with North American isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Infect. Dis. 175:400-405.
    • (1997) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.175 , pp. 400-405
    • Probert, W.1    Crawford, M.2    Cadiz, R.3    Lefebvre, R.4
  • 52
    • 0031455862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A population genetic study of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto from eastern Long Island, New York, suggested frequency-dependent selection, gene flow and host adaptation
    • Qiu, W.-G., E. M. Bosler, J. R. Campbell, G. Ugine, I.-N. Wang, B. J. Luft, and D. E. Dykhuizen. 1997. A population genetic study of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto from eastern Long Island, New York, suggested frequency-dependent selection, gene flow and host adaptation. Hereditas 127:203-216.
    • (1997) Hereditas , vol.127 , pp. 203-216
    • Qiu, W.-G.1    Bosler, E.M.2    Campbell, J.R.3    Ugine, G.4    Wang, I.-N.5    Luft, B.J.6    Dykhuizen, D.E.7
  • 53
    • 4644259956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic exchange and plasmid transfer in Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto revealed by three-way genome comparisons and multilocus sequence typing
    • Qiu, W.-G., S. E. Schutzer, J. F. Bruno, O. Attie, Y. Xu, J. J. Dunn, C. M. Fraser, S. Casjens, and B. J. Luft. 2004. Genetic exchange and plasmid transfer in Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto revealed by three-way genome comparisons and multilocus sequence typing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:14150-14155.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.101 , pp. 14150-14155
    • Qiu, W.-G.1    Schutzer, S.E.2    Bruno, J.F.3    Attie, O.4    Xu, Y.5    Dunn, J.J.6    Fraser, C.M.7    Casjens, S.8    Luft, B.J.9
  • 54
    • 0036200448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic uniformity of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) and its shared history with tick vector (Ixodes scapularis) in the northeastern United States
    • Qiu, W., D. Dykhuizen, M. Acosta, and B. Luft. 2002. Geographic uniformity of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) and its shared history with tick vector (Ixodes scapularis) in the northeastern United States. Genetics 160:833-849.
    • (2002) Genetics , vol.160 , pp. 833-849
    • Qiu, W.1    Dykhuizen, D.2    Acosta, M.3    Luft, B.4
  • 55
    • 0000413758 scopus 로고
    • Measure of genetic similarity and genetic distance
    • Rogers, J. 1972. Measure of genetic similarity and genetic distance. Stud. Genet. 7213:145-153.
    • (1972) Stud. Genet. , vol.7213 , pp. 145-153
    • Rogers, J.1
  • 56
    • 0027158861 scopus 로고
    • The cryptic ospC gene of Borrelia burgdorferi B31 is located on a circular plasmid
    • Sadziene, A., B. Wilske, M. S. Ferdows, and A. G. Harbour. 1993. The cryptic ospC gene of Borrelia burgdorferi B31 is located on a circular plasmid. Infect. Immun. 61:2192-2195.
    • (1993) Infect. Immun. , vol.61 , pp. 2192-2195
    • Sadziene, A.1    Wilske, B.2    Ferdows, M.S.3    Harbour, A.G.4
  • 58
    • 0342376086 scopus 로고
    • Borrelia
    • P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.). ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
    • Schwan, T. G., W. Burgdorfer, and P. Rosa. 1995. Borrelia, p. 625-635. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.). Manual of clinical microbiology, 6th ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
    • (1995) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 6th Ed. , pp. 625-635
    • Schwan, T.G.1    Burgdorfer, W.2    Rosa, P.3
  • 62
  • 63
    • 0036561511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ospA-based genospecies identification of Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) isolated in Taiwan
    • Shih, C. M., and L. L. Chao. 2002. An ospA-based genospecies identification of Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi) isolated in Taiwan. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 66:611-615.
    • (2002) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.66 , pp. 611-615
    • Shih, C.M.1    Chao, L.L.2
  • 64
    • 0027963449 scopus 로고
    • Expression and gene sequence of outer surface protein C of Borrelia burgdorferi reisolated from chronically infected mice
    • Stevenson, B., L. K. Bockenstedt, and S. W. Barthold. 1994. Expression and gene sequence of outer surface protein C of Borrelia burgdorferi reisolated from chronically infected mice. Infect. Immun. 62:3568-3571.
    • (1994) Infect. Immun. , vol.62 , pp. 3568-3571
    • Stevenson, B.1    Bockenstedt, L.K.2    Barthold, S.W.3
  • 66
    • 0001396591 scopus 로고
    • Inferring evolutionary trees from gene frequency data under the principle of maximum parsimony
    • Swofford, D., and S. Berlocher. 1987. Inferring evolutionary trees from gene frequency data under the principle of maximum parsimony. Syst. Zool. 36:293-325.
    • (1987) Syst. Zool. , vol.36 , pp. 293-325
    • Swofford, D.1    Berlocher, S.2
  • 67
    • 0027157960 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees
    • Tamura, K., and M. Nei. 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10:512-526.
    • (1993) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 512-526
    • Tamura, K.1    Nei, M.2
  • 69
    • 0031574072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ClustalX Windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools
    • Thompson, J., T. Gibson, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin, and D. Higgins. 1997. The ClustalX Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:4876-4882.
    • (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.25 , pp. 4876-4882
    • Thompson, J.1    Gibson, T.2    Plewniak, F.3    Jeanmougin, F.4    Higgins, D.5
  • 70
    • 0026478607 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of genetic divergence among Borrelia burgdorferi isolates by use of OspA, fla, HSP60, and HSP70 gene probes
    • Wallich, R., C. Helmes, U. Schaible, Y. Lobet, S. Moter, M. Kramer, and M. Simon. 1992. Evaluation of genetic divergence among Borrelia burgdorferi isolates by use of OspA, fla, HSP60, and HSP70 gene probes. Infect. Immun. 60:4856-4866.
    • (1992) Infect. Immun. , vol.60 , pp. 4856-4866
    • Wallich, R.1    Helmes, C.2    Schaible, U.3    Lobet, Y.4    Moter, S.5    Kramer, M.6    Simon, M.7
  • 71
    • 0033916720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two distinct ospA genes among Borrelia valaisiana strains
    • Wang, G., A. P. van Dam, and J. Dankert. 2000. Two distinct ospA genes among Borrelia valaisiana strains. Res. Microbiol. 151:325-331.
    • (2000) Res. Microbiol. , vol.151 , pp. 325-331
    • Wang, G.1    Van Dam, A.P.2    Dankert, J.3
  • 72
    • 0032872038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: Taxonomic, epidemiological, and clinical implications
    • Wang, G., A. P. van Dam, I. Schwartz, and J. Dankert. 1999. Molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: taxonomic, epidemiological, and clinical implications. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12:633-653.
    • (1999) Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , vol.12 , pp. 633-653
    • Wang, G.1    Van Dam, A.P.2    Schwartz, I.3    Dankert, J.4
  • 73
    • 0032894835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of ospC in a local population of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto
    • Wang, I.-N., D. E. Dykhuizen, W. Qiu, J. J. Dunn, E. M. Bosler, and B. J. Luft. 1999. Genetic diversity of ospC in a local population of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. Genetics 151:15-30.
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.151 , pp. 15-30
    • Wang, I.-N.1    Dykhuizen, D.E.2    Qiu, W.3    Dunn, J.J.4    Bosler, E.M.5    Luft, B.J.6
  • 74
    • 0029087589 scopus 로고
    • Sequence analysis of ospA genes shows homogeneity within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii strains but reveals major subgroups within the Borrelia garinii species
    • Will, G., S. Jauris-Heipke, E. Schwab, U. Busch, D. Rossler, E. Soutschek, B. Wilske, and V. Preac-Mursic. 1995. Sequence analysis of ospA genes shows homogeneity within Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia afzelii strains but reveals major subgroups within the Borrelia garinii species. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 184:73-80.
    • (1995) Med. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.184 , pp. 73-80
    • Will, G.1    Jauris-Heipke, S.2    Schwab, E.3    Busch, U.4    Rossler, D.5    Soutschek, E.6    Wilske, B.7    Preac-Mursic, V.8
  • 75
    • 0028965993 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic analysis of outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by monoclonal antibodies: Relationship to genospecies and OspA serotype
    • Wilske, B., S. Jauris-Heipke, R. Lobentanzer, I. Pradel, V. Preac-Mursic, D. Rossler, E. Soutschek, and R. C. Johnson. 1995. Phenotypic analysis of outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by monoclonal antibodies: relationship to genospecies and OspA serotype. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:103-109.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 103-109
    • Wilske, B.1    Jauris-Heipke, S.2    Lobentanzer, R.3    Pradel, I.4    Preac-Mursic, V.5    Rossler, D.6    Soutschek, E.7    Johnson, R.C.8
  • 77
    • 1542283705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential role for OspA/B in the life cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete
    • Yang, X. F., U. Pal, S. M. Alani, E. Fikrig, and M. V. Norgard. 2004. Essential role for OspA/B in the life cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete. J. Exp. Med. 199:641-648.
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.199 , pp. 641-648
    • Yang, X.F.1    Pal, U.2    Alani, S.M.3    Fikrig, E.4    Norgard, M.V.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.