메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 3-4, 2006, Pages 519-530

The evolution of locomotion in archosaurs

Author keywords

Archosaur; Biomechanics; Bird; Crocodile; Dinosaur; Evolution; Locomotion

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGY; BIOMECHANICS; GEOCHRONOLOGY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS;

EID: 33747050633     PISSN: 16310683     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.crpv.2005.09.002     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (72)

References (103)
  • 1
    • 33747062223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R. Abourachid, C. R. Palevol 5 (2006).
  • 2
    • 0001434882 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of speeds of dinosaurs
    • Alexander R.M. Estimates of speeds of dinosaurs. Nature 261 (1976) 129-130
    • (1976) Nature , vol.261 , pp. 129-130
    • Alexander, R.M.1
  • 3
    • 0001858981 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of posture and gait of some large dinosaurs
    • Alexander R.M. Mechanics of posture and gait of some large dinosaurs. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 83 (1985) 1-25
    • (1985) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.83 , pp. 1-25
    • Alexander, R.M.1
  • 5
    • 84975020287 scopus 로고
    • Doubts and assumptions in dinosaur mechanics
    • Alexander R.M. Doubts and assumptions in dinosaur mechanics. Interdiscip. Sci. Rev. 16 (1991) 175-181
    • (1991) Interdiscip. Sci. Rev. , vol.16 , pp. 175-181
    • Alexander, R.M.1
  • 7
    • 84985315692 scopus 로고
    • Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrews (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta)
    • Alexander R.M., Jayes A.S., Maloiy G.M.O., and Wathuta E.M. Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrews (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta). J. Zool. 187 (1979) 305-314
    • (1979) J. Zool. , vol.187 , pp. 305-314
    • Alexander, R.M.1    Jayes, A.S.2    Maloiy, G.M.O.3    Wathuta, E.M.4
  • 8
    • 0025287742 scopus 로고
    • Differential scaling of the long bones in the terrestrial Carnivora and other mammals
    • Bertram J.E.A., and Biewener A.A. Differential scaling of the long bones in the terrestrial Carnivora and other mammals. J. Morphol. 204 (1990) 157-169
    • (1990) J. Morphol. , vol.204 , pp. 157-169
    • Bertram, J.E.A.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 9
    • 0842279150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (294 p.)
    • Biewener A.A. Animal Locomotion (2003), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (294 p.)
    • (2003) Animal Locomotion
    • Biewener, A.A.1
  • 10
    • 9244221123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle mechanical advantage of human walking and running: implications for energy cost
    • Biewener A.A., Farley C.T., Roberts T.J., and Temaner M. Muscle mechanical advantage of human walking and running: implications for energy cost. J. Appl. Physiol. 97 (2004) 2266-2274
    • (2004) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.97 , pp. 2266-2274
    • Biewener, A.A.1    Farley, C.T.2    Roberts, T.J.3    Temaner, M.4
  • 11
    • 0035029280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of hindlimb posture in non-mammalian therapsids: biomechanical tests of paleontological hypotheses
    • Blob R.W. Evolution of hindlimb posture in non-mammalian therapsids: biomechanical tests of paleontological hypotheses. Paleobiology 27 (2001) 14-38
    • (2001) Paleobiology , vol.27 , pp. 14-38
    • Blob, R.W.1
  • 12
    • 0032979598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo locomotor strain in the hindlimb bones of Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana: implications for the evolution of long bone safety factor and non-sprawling limb posture
    • Blob R.W., and Biewener A.A. In vivo locomotor strain in the hindlimb bones of Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana: implications for the evolution of long bone safety factor and non-sprawling limb posture. J. Exp. Biol. 202 (1999) 1023-1046
    • (1999) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.202 , pp. 1023-1046
    • Blob, R.W.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 13
    • 0001564638 scopus 로고
    • The hind limb step cycle of Caiman sclerops and the mechanics of the crocodile tarsus and metatarsus
    • Brinkman D. The hind limb step cycle of Caiman sclerops and the mechanics of the crocodile tarsus and metatarsus. Can. J. Zool. 58 (1980) 2187-2200
    • (1980) Can. J. Zool. , vol.58 , pp. 2187-2200
    • Brinkman, D.1
  • 14
    • 0032427890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotion in non-avian dinosaurs: integrating data from hindlimb kinematics, in vivo strains, and bone morphology
    • Carrano M.T. Locomotion in non-avian dinosaurs: integrating data from hindlimb kinematics, in vivo strains, and bone morphology. Paleobiology 24 (1998) 450-469
    • (1998) Paleobiology , vol.24 , pp. 450-469
    • Carrano, M.T.1
  • 15
    • 0033484526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What, if anything, is a cursor? Categories versus continua for determining locomotor habit in mammals and dinosaurs
    • Carrano M.T. What, if anything, is a cursor? Categories versus continua for determining locomotor habit in mammals and dinosaurs. J. Zool. 247 (1999) 29-42
    • (1999) J. Zool. , vol.247 , pp. 29-42
    • Carrano, M.T.1
  • 16
    • 0033794357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homoplasy and the evolution of dinosaur locomotion
    • Carrano M.T. Homoplasy and the evolution of dinosaur locomotion. Paleobiology 26 (2000) 489-512
    • (2000) Paleobiology , vol.26 , pp. 489-512
    • Carrano, M.T.1
  • 17
    • 0035017241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of limb bone scaling, curvature and eccentricity in mammals and non-avian dinosaurs
    • Carrano M.T. Implications of limb bone scaling, curvature and eccentricity in mammals and non-avian dinosaurs. J. Zool. 254 (2001) 41-55
    • (2001) J. Zool. , vol.254 , pp. 41-55
    • Carrano, M.T.1
  • 18
    • 0035992579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda)
    • Carrano M.T., and Hutchinson J.R. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). J. Morphol. 252 (2002) 207-228
    • (2002) J. Morphol. , vol.252 , pp. 207-228
    • Carrano, M.T.1    Hutchinson, J.R.2
  • 19
    • 0035746150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of rotational inertia on turning performance of theropod dinosaurs: clues from humans with increased rotational inertia
    • Carrier D.R., Walter R.M., and Lee D.V. Influence of rotational inertia on turning performance of theropod dinosaurs: clues from humans with increased rotational inertia. J. Exp. Biol. 204 (2001) 3917-3926
    • (2001) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.204 , pp. 3917-3926
    • Carrier, D.R.1    Walter, R.M.2    Lee, D.V.3
  • 20
    • 0001941992 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the archosaur pelvis and hindlimb: an explanation in functional terms
    • Joysey K.A., and Kemp T.S. (Eds), Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, UK
    • Charig A.J. The evolution of the archosaur pelvis and hindlimb: an explanation in functional terms. In: Joysey K.A., and Kemp T.S. (Eds). Studies in Vertebrate Evolution (1972), Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, UK 121-171
    • (1972) Studies in Vertebrate Evolution , pp. 121-171
    • Charig, A.J.1
  • 21
    • 0003929226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MA, USA (312 p.)
    • Chatterjee S. The Rise of Birds (1997), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MA, USA (312 p.)
    • (1997) The Rise of Birds
    • Chatterjee, S.1
  • 22
    • 0000676898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength indicator values of theropod long bones, with comments on limb proportions and cursorial potential
    • Christiansen P. Strength indicator values of theropod long bones, with comments on limb proportions and cursorial potential. Gaia 15 (1998) 241-255
    • (1998) Gaia , vol.15 , pp. 241-255
    • Christiansen, P.1
  • 23
    • 0033269440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long bone scaling and limb posture in non-avian theropods: evidence for differential allometry
    • Christiansen P. Long bone scaling and limb posture in non-avian theropods: evidence for differential allometry. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 19 (1999) 666-680
    • (1999) J. Vertebr. Paleontol. , vol.19 , pp. 666-680
    • Christiansen, P.1
  • 24
    • 0032934493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling of mammalian long bones: large and small mammals compared
    • Christiansen P. Scaling of mammalian long bones: large and small mammals compared. J. Zool. 247 (1999) 333-348
    • (1999) J. Zool. , vol.247 , pp. 333-348
    • Christiansen, P.1
  • 25
    • 0036328396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limb proportions and avian terrestrial locomotion
    • Christiansen P., and Bonde N. Limb proportions and avian terrestrial locomotion. J. Ornithol. 143 (2002) 356-371
    • (2002) J. Ornithol. , vol.143 , pp. 356-371
    • Christiansen, P.1    Bonde, N.2
  • 26
    • 84985323147 scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of running by quail (Coturnix)
    • Clark J., and Alexander R.M. Mechanics of running by quail (Coturnix). J. Zool. 176 (1975) 87-113
    • (1975) J. Zool. , vol.176 , pp. 87-113
    • Clark, J.1    Alexander, R.M.2
  • 27
    • 0002365353 scopus 로고
    • Relationships of the saurischian dinosaurs
    • Colbert E.H. Relationships of the saurischian dinosaurs. Am. Mus. Novitat. 2181 (1964) 1-24
    • (1964) Am. Mus. Novitat. , vol.2181 , pp. 1-24
    • Colbert, E.H.1
  • 28
    • 0001250601 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical aspects of cursorial adaptations in dinosaurs
    • Coombs Jr. W.P. Theoretical aspects of cursorial adaptations in dinosaurs. Q. Rev. Biol. 53 (1978) 393-418
    • (1978) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.53 , pp. 393-418
    • Coombs Jr., W.P.1
  • 29
    • 0001302568 scopus 로고
    • The ankle joint in some early archosaurs
    • Cruickshank A.R.I. The ankle joint in some early archosaurs. S. Afr. J. Sci. 75 (1979) 168-178
    • (1979) S. Afr. J. Sci. , vol.75 , pp. 168-178
    • Cruickshank, A.R.I.1
  • 30
    • 0022267322 scopus 로고
    • Archosaur ankles and the relationships of the thecodontian and dinosaurian reptiles
    • Cruickshank A.R.I., and Benton M.J. Archosaur ankles and the relationships of the thecodontian and dinosaurian reptiles. Nature 317 (1985) 715-717
    • (1985) Nature , vol.317 , pp. 715-717
    • Cruickshank, A.R.I.1    Benton, M.J.2
  • 31
    • 0037449541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wing-assisted running and the origin of avian flight
    • Dial K.P. Wing-assisted running and the origin of avian flight. Science 299 (2003) 402-404
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 402-404
    • Dial, K.P.1
  • 32
    • 0034653354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appendicular myology of the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana
    • Dilkes D.W. Appendicular myology of the hadrosaurian dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Montana. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 90 (2000) 87-125
    • (2000) Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. , vol.90 , pp. 87-125
    • Dilkes, D.W.1
  • 34
    • 0001691506 scopus 로고
    • The posture of hadrosaurian dinosaurs
    • Galton P.M. The posture of hadrosaurian dinosaurs. J. Paleontol. 44 (1970) 464-473
    • (1970) J. Paleontol. , vol.44 , pp. 464-473
    • Galton, P.M.1
  • 35
    • 0023243401 scopus 로고
    • Functional bases of fiber length and angulation in muscle
    • Gans C., and De Vree F. Functional bases of fiber length and angulation in muscle. J. Morphol. 192 (1987) 63-85
    • (1987) J. Morphol. , vol.192 , pp. 63-85
    • Gans, C.1    De Vree, F.2
  • 36
    • 0025591944 scopus 로고
    • Caudofemoral musculature and the evolution of theropod locomotion
    • Gatesy S.M. Caudofemoral musculature and the evolution of theropod locomotion. Paleobiology 16 (1990) 170-186
    • (1990) Paleobiology , vol.16 , pp. 170-186
    • Gatesy, S.M.1
  • 37
    • 0001735759 scopus 로고
    • Hind limb movements of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and postural grades
    • Gatesy S.M. Hind limb movements of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and postural grades. J. Zool. 224 (1991) 577-588
    • (1991) J. Zool. , vol.224 , pp. 577-588
    • Gatesy, S.M.1
  • 38
    • 0001823544 scopus 로고
    • Hind limb scaling in birds and other theropods: implications for terrestrial locomotion
    • Gatesy S.M. Hind limb scaling in birds and other theropods: implications for terrestrial locomotion. J. Morphol. 209 (1991) 83-96
    • (1991) J. Morphol. , vol.209 , pp. 83-96
    • Gatesy, S.M.1
  • 39
    • 0002395147 scopus 로고
    • Functional evolution of the hindlimb and tail from basal theropods to birds
    • Thomason J.J. (Ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Gatesy S.M. Functional evolution of the hindlimb and tail from basal theropods to birds. In: Thomason J.J. (Ed). Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology (1995), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 219-234
    • (1995) Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology , pp. 219-234
    • Gatesy, S.M.1
  • 40
    • 0032953994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guineafowl hindlimb function I: cineradiographic analysis and speed effects
    • Gatesy S.M. Guineafowl hindlimb function I: cineradiographic analysis and speed effects. J. Morphol. 240 (1999) 127-142
    • (1999) J. Morphol. , vol.240 , pp. 127-142
    • Gatesy, S.M.1
  • 41
    • 11144253831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor evolution on the line to modern birds
    • Chiappe L.M., and Witmer L.M. (Eds), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA
    • Gatesy S.M. Locomotor evolution on the line to modern birds. In: Chiappe L.M., and Witmer L.M. (Eds). Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of the Dinosaurs (2002), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA 219-234
    • (2002) Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of the Dinosaurs , pp. 219-234
    • Gatesy, S.M.1
  • 42
    • 33747053460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S.M. Gatesy, The evolutionary history of the theropod caudal locomotor module, in: J.A. Gauthier, L.F. Gall (Eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom, Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT, USA, 2001, pp. 333-345.
  • 43
    • 0000842710 scopus 로고
    • Bipedal locomotion: effects of speed, size and limb posture in birds and humans
    • Gatesy S.M., and Biewener A.A. Bipedal locomotion: effects of speed, size and limb posture in birds and humans. J. Zool. 224 (1991) 127-147
    • (1991) J. Zool. , vol.224 , pp. 127-147
    • Gatesy, S.M.1    Biewener, A.A.2
  • 44
    • 0029659227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From frond to fan: Archaeopteryx and the evolution of short-tailed birds
    • Gatesy S.M., and Dial K.P. From frond to fan: Archaeopteryx and the evolution of short-tailed birds. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 50 (1996) 2037-2048
    • (1996) Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 2037-2048
    • Gatesy, S.M.1    Dial, K.P.2
  • 45
    • 0030038921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor modules and the evolution of avian flight
    • Gatesy S.M., and Dial K.P. Locomotor modules and the evolution of avian flight. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 50 (1996) 331-340
    • (1996) Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 331-340
    • Gatesy, S.M.1    Dial, K.P.2
  • 46
    • 0031285349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bipedalism, flight, and the evolution of theropod locomotor diversity
    • Gatesy S.M., and Middleton K.M. Bipedalism, flight, and the evolution of theropod locomotor diversity. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 17 (1997) 308-329
    • (1997) J. Vertebr. Paleontol. , vol.17 , pp. 308-329
    • Gatesy, S.M.1    Middleton, K.M.2
  • 47
    • 0033551341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional preservation of foot movements in Triassic theropod dinosaurs
    • Gatesy S.M., Middleton K.M., Jenkins F.A., and Shubin N.H. Three-dimensional preservation of foot movements in Triassic theropod dinosaurs. Nature 399 (1999) 141-144
    • (1999) Nature , vol.399 , pp. 141-144
    • Gatesy, S.M.1    Middleton, K.M.2    Jenkins, F.A.3    Shubin, N.H.4
  • 48
    • 0001280046 scopus 로고
    • Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds
    • Gauthier J.A. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci. 8 (1986) 1-55
    • (1986) Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci. , vol.8 , pp. 1-55
    • Gauthier, J.A.1
  • 49
    • 0032992693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the masses and centers of mass of extinct animals by 3-D mathematical slicing
    • Henderson D.M. Estimating the masses and centers of mass of extinct animals by 3-D mathematical slicing. Paleobiology 25 (1999) 88-106
    • (1999) Paleobiology , vol.25 , pp. 88-106
    • Henderson, D.M.1
  • 50
    • 2342599690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tipsy punters: sauropod dinosaur pneumaticity, buoyancy and aquatic habits
    • Henderson D.M. Tipsy punters: sauropod dinosaur pneumaticity, buoyancy and aquatic habits. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 271 (2003) S180-S183
    • (2003) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. , vol.271
    • Henderson, D.M.1
  • 51
    • 0344286928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of stomach stones on the buoyancy and equilibrium of a floating crocodilian: a computational analysis
    • Henderson D.M. Effects of stomach stones on the buoyancy and equilibrium of a floating crocodilian: a computational analysis. Can. J. Zool. 81 (2003) 1346-1357
    • (2003) Can. J. Zool. , vol.81 , pp. 1346-1357
    • Henderson, D.M.1
  • 52
    • 0442323212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrannosaurus en pointe: allometry minimized the rotational inertia of large carnivorous dinosaurs, Proc. R. Soc. Lond
    • Henderson D.M., and Snively E. Tyrannosaurus en pointe: allometry minimized the rotational inertia of large carnivorous dinosaurs, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. Lett. 271 (2003) S57-S60
    • (2003) Biol. Lett. , vol.271
    • Henderson, D.M.1    Snively, E.2
  • 54
    • 0002820181 scopus 로고
    • Die Dinosaurier der europaïschen Triasformation
    • von Huene F. Die Dinosaurier der europaïschen Triasformation. Geol. Paläontol. Abh. 8 Suppl. Bd 1 (1907) 1-419
    • (1907) Geol. Paläontol. Abh. , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. Bd 1 , pp. 1-419
    • von Huene, F.1
  • 55
    • 0035530054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of pelvic osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes)
    • Hutchinson J.R. The evolution of pelvic osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 131 (2001) 123-168
    • (2001) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 123-168
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1
  • 56
    • 0035530052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of femoral osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes)
    • Hutchinson J.R. The evolution of femoral osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 131 (2001) 169-197
    • (2001) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 169-197
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1
  • 57
    • 0036905357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of hindlimb tendons and muscles on the line to crown-group birds
    • Hutchinson J.R. The evolution of hindlimb tendons and muscles on the line to crown-group birds. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 133 (2002) 1051-1086
    • (2002) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A , vol.133 , pp. 1051-1086
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1
  • 58
    • 7044270980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running ability. I. Extant taxa
    • Hutchinson J.R. Biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running ability. I. Extant taxa. J. Morphol. 262 (2004) 421-440
    • (2004) J. Morphol. , vol.262 , pp. 421-440
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1
  • 59
    • 7044222264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running ability. II. Extinct taxa
    • Hutchinson J.R. Biomechanical modeling and sensitivity analysis of bipedal running ability. II. Extinct taxa. J. Morphol. 262 (2004) 441-460
    • (2004) J. Morphol. , vol.262 , pp. 441-460
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1
  • 60
    • 0037186557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner
    • Hutchinson J.R., and Garcia M. Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner. Nature 415 (2002) 1018-1021
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 1018-1021
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1    Garcia, M.2
  • 61
    • 0034475091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adductors, abductors, and the evolution of archosaur locomotion
    • Hutchinson J.R., and Gatesy S.M. Adductors, abductors, and the evolution of archosaur locomotion. Paleobiology 26 (2000) 734-751
    • (2000) Paleobiology , vol.26 , pp. 734-751
    • Hutchinson, J.R.1    Gatesy, S.M.2
  • 63
    • 0032992894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Many-legged maneuverability: dynamics of turning in hexapods
    • Jindrich D.L., and Full R.J. Many-legged maneuverability: dynamics of turning in hexapods. J. Exp. Biol. 202 (1999) 1603-1623
    • (1999) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.202 , pp. 1603-1623
    • Jindrich, D.L.1    Full, R.J.2
  • 64
    • 0030512548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When does morphology matter?
    • Koehl M.A.R. When does morphology matter?. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27 (1996) 501-542
    • (1996) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.27 , pp. 501-542
    • Koehl, M.A.R.1
  • 65
    • 0001454023 scopus 로고
    • On the inference of function from structure
    • Thomason J.J. (Ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Lauder G.V. On the inference of function from structure. In: Thomason J.J. (Ed). Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology (1995), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1-18
    • (1995) Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology , pp. 1-18
    • Lauder, G.V.1
  • 67
    • 0000614731 scopus 로고
    • Allometry and biomechanics: limb bones in adult ungulates
    • McMahon T.A. Allometry and biomechanics: limb bones in adult ungulates. Am. Nat. 109 (1975) 547-563
    • (1975) Am. Nat. , vol.109 , pp. 547-563
    • McMahon, T.A.1
  • 68
    • 0002989759 scopus 로고
    • Carnosaur paleobiology
    • Weishampel D.B., Dodson P., and Osmolska H. (Eds), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA
    • Molnar R.M., and Farlow J.O. Carnosaur paleobiology. In: Weishampel D.B., Dodson P., and Osmolska H. (Eds). The Dinosauria (1990), University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA 210-224
    • (1990) The Dinosauria , pp. 210-224
    • Molnar, R.M.1    Farlow, J.O.2
  • 69
    • 84982012418 scopus 로고
    • Stance and gait in the flesh-eating dinosaur Tyrannosaurus
    • Newman B.H. Stance and gait in the flesh-eating dinosaur Tyrannosaurus. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2 (1970) 119-123
    • (1970) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.2 , pp. 119-123
    • Newman, B.H.1
  • 70
    • 0001633943 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal adaptations of Ornitholestes, Struthiomimus and Tyrannosaurus
    • Osborn H.F. Skeletal adaptations of Ornitholestes, Struthiomimus and Tyrannosaurus. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 35 (1916) 733-771
    • (1916) Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. , vol.35 , pp. 733-771
    • Osborn, H.F.1
  • 71
    • 0001935931 scopus 로고
    • Archaeopteryx and the origin of birds
    • Ostrom J.H. Archaeopteryx and the origin of birds. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 8 (1976) 91-182
    • (1976) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.8 , pp. 91-182
    • Ostrom, J.H.1
  • 72
    • 0000312844 scopus 로고
    • Pterosaurs: were they functional birds or functional bats?
    • Rayner J.M.V., and Wootton R.J. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Padian K. Pterosaurs: were they functional birds or functional bats?. In: Rayner J.M.V., and Wootton R.J. (Eds). Biomechanics and Evolution (1991), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 145-160
    • (1991) Biomechanics and Evolution , pp. 145-160
    • Padian, K.1
  • 73
    • 33747048462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K. Padian, Stages in the origin of bird flight: beyond the arboreal-cursorial dichotomy, in: J.A. Gauthier, L.F. Gall (Eds.), New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom, Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, Connecticut, 2001, pp. 255-272.
  • 74
    • 0001465076 scopus 로고
    • Footprints of the Komodo Monitor and the trackways of fossil reptiles
    • Padian K., and Olsen P.E. Footprints of the Komodo Monitor and the trackways of fossil reptiles. Copeia 1984 (1984) 662-671
    • (1984) Copeia , vol.1984 , pp. 662-671
    • Padian, K.1    Olsen, P.E.2
  • 75
    • 0024879527 scopus 로고
    • Ratite footprints and the stance and gait of Mesozoic theropods
    • Gillette D.D., and Lockley M.G. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Padian K., and Olsen P.E. Ratite footprints and the stance and gait of Mesozoic theropods. In: Gillette D.D., and Lockley M.G. (Eds). Dinosaur Tracks and Traces (1989), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 231-241
    • (1989) Dinosaur Tracks and Traces , pp. 231-241
    • Padian, K.1    Olsen, P.E.2
  • 76
    • 0003056509 scopus 로고
    • Locomotor adaptations in the hindlimb and pelvis of the Thecodontia
    • Parrish M.J. Locomotor adaptations in the hindlimb and pelvis of the Thecodontia. Hunteria 1 (1986) 1-35
    • (1986) Hunteria , vol.1 , pp. 1-35
    • Parrish, M.J.1
  • 77
    • 0023500574 scopus 로고
    • The origin of crocodilian locomotion
    • Parrish M.J. The origin of crocodilian locomotion. Paleobiology 13 (1987) 396-414
    • (1987) Paleobiology , vol.13 , pp. 396-414
    • Parrish, M.J.1
  • 79
    • 0008601872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limb design, function and running performance in ostrich-mimics and tyrannosaurs
    • Paul G.S. Limb design, function and running performance in ostrich-mimics and tyrannosaurs. Gaia 15 (1998) 257-270
    • (1998) Gaia , vol.15 , pp. 257-270
    • Paul, G.S.1
  • 80
    • 0033788031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forelimb posture in neoceratopsian dinosaurs: implications for gait and locomotion
    • Paul G.S., and Christiansen P. Forelimb posture in neoceratopsian dinosaurs: implications for gait and locomotion. Paleobiology 26 (2000) 450-465
    • (2000) Paleobiology , vol.26 , pp. 450-465
    • Paul, G.S.1    Christiansen, P.2
  • 81
    • 0031733683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotion in Alligator mississippiensis: Kinematic effects of speed and posture and their relevance to the sprawling-to-erect paradigm
    • Reilly S.M., and Elias J.A. Locomotion in Alligator mississippiensis: Kinematic effects of speed and posture and their relevance to the sprawling-to-erect paradigm. J. Exp. Biol. 201 (1998) 2559-2574
    • (1998) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.201 , pp. 2559-2574
    • Reilly, S.M.1    Elias, J.A.2
  • 82
    • 0346432362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor control of locomotor hindlimb posture in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
    • Reilly S.M., and Blob R.W. Motor control of locomotor hindlimb posture in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J. Exp. Biol. 206 (2003) 4327-4340
    • (2003) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.206 , pp. 4327-4340
    • Reilly, S.M.1    Blob, R.W.2
  • 83
    • 0036122943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetrical gaits of juvenile Crocodylus johnstoni, galloping Australian crocodiles
    • Renous S., Gasc J.-P., Bels V.L., and Wicker R. Asymmetrical gaits of juvenile Crocodylus johnstoni, galloping Australian crocodiles. J. Zool. 256 (2002) 311-325
    • (2002) J. Zool. , vol.256 , pp. 311-325
    • Renous, S.1    Gasc, J.-P.2    Bels, V.L.3    Wicker, R.4
  • 84
    • 0003031172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle force and stress during running in dogs and wild turkeys
    • Roberts T.J. Muscle force and stress during running in dogs and wild turkeys. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 156 (2001) 283-295
    • (2001) Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. , vol.156 , pp. 283-295
    • Roberts, T.J.1
  • 85
    • 0000022017 scopus 로고
    • The ilium in dinosaurs and birds
    • Romer A.S. The ilium in dinosaurs and birds. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 48 (1923) 141-145
    • (1923) Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. , vol.48 , pp. 141-145
    • Romer, A.S.1
  • 86
    • 0001051608 scopus 로고
    • Crocodilian pelvic muscles and their avian and reptilian homologues
    • Romer A.S. Crocodilian pelvic muscles and their avian and reptilian homologues. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 48 (1923) 533-552
    • (1923) Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. , vol.48 , pp. 533-552
    • Romer, A.S.1
  • 87
    • 0000227767 scopus 로고
    • The pelvic musculature of saurischian dinosaurs
    • Romer A.S. The pelvic musculature of saurischian dinosaurs. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 48 (1923) 605-617
    • (1923) Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. , vol.48 , pp. 605-617
    • Romer, A.S.1
  • 88
    • 0000375608 scopus 로고
    • The morphological and functional evolution of the tarsus in amphibians and reptiles
    • Schaeffer B. The morphological and functional evolution of the tarsus in amphibians and reptiles. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 78 (1941) 395-472
    • (1941) Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. , vol.78 , pp. 395-472
    • Schaeffer, B.1
  • 89
    • 0002482595 scopus 로고
    • Basic evolutionary laws of development of the locomotor apparatus in the archosaurs
    • Sennikov A.G. Basic evolutionary laws of development of the locomotor apparatus in the archosaurs. Paleontol. J. 4 (1989) 60-86
    • (1989) Paleontol. J. , vol.4 , pp. 60-86
    • Sennikov, A.G.1
  • 90
    • 84954945101 scopus 로고
    • Basal archosaurs: phylogenetic relationships and functional implications
    • (53 p.)
    • Sereno P.C. Basal archosaurs: phylogenetic relationships and functional implications. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 11 Suppl. 4 (1991) (53 p.)
    • (1991) J. Vertebr. Paleontol. , vol.11 , Issue.4 SUPPL.
    • Sereno, P.C.1
  • 91
    • 0000666124 scopus 로고
    • Stance and gait in theropod dinosaurs
    • Tarsitano S. Stance and gait in theropod dinosaurs. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 28 (1983) 251-264
    • (1983) Acta Palaeontol. Pol. , vol.28 , pp. 251-264
    • Tarsitano, S.1
  • 93
    • 0024903765 scopus 로고
    • The gaits of dinosaurs
    • Gillette D.D., and Lockley M.G. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Thulborn R.A. The gaits of dinosaurs. In: Gillette D.D., and Lockley M.G. (Eds). Dinosaur Tracks and Traces (1989), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 39-50
    • (1989) Dinosaur Tracks and Traces , pp. 39-50
    • Thulborn, R.A.1
  • 94
    • 0004261737 scopus 로고
    • Chapman and Hall, London (424 p.)
    • Thulborn R.A. Dinosaur Tracks (1990), Chapman and Hall, London (424 p.)
    • (1990) Dinosaur Tracks
    • Thulborn, R.A.1
  • 95
    • 0033168603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pterosaurs: back to the traditional model?
    • Unwin D.M. Pterosaurs: back to the traditional model?. Trends Ecol. Evol. 14 (1999) 263-268
    • (1999) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 263-268
    • Unwin, D.M.1
  • 96
    • 0001007334 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the pelvis in birds and dinosaurs
    • Walker A.D. Evolution of the pelvis in birds and dinosaurs. Linn. Soc. Ser. 4 (1977) 319-358
    • (1977) Linn. Soc. Ser. , vol.4 , pp. 319-358
    • Walker, A.D.1
  • 98
    • 0024223986 scopus 로고
    • Terrestrial locomotion in pterosaurs
    • Wellnhofer P. Terrestrial locomotion in pterosaurs. Hist. Biol. 1 (1988) 3-16
    • (1988) Hist. Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 3-16
    • Wellnhofer, P.1
  • 99
    • 0842291673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tale of the tail: limb function and locomotor mechanics in Alligator mississippiensis
    • Willey J.S., Biknevicius A.R., Reilly S.M., and Earls K.D. The tale of the tail: limb function and locomotor mechanics in Alligator mississippiensis. J. Exp. Biol. 207 (2004) 553-563
    • (2004) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.207 , pp. 553-563
    • Willey, J.S.1    Biknevicius, A.R.2    Reilly, S.M.3    Earls, K.D.4
  • 100
    • 0032725144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titanosaurs and the origin of 'wide-gauge' trackways: a biomechanical and systematic perspective on sauropod locomotion
    • Wilson J.A., and Carrano M.T. Titanosaurs and the origin of 'wide-gauge' trackways: a biomechanical and systematic perspective on sauropod locomotion. Paleobiology 25 (1999) 252-267
    • (1999) Paleobiology , vol.25 , pp. 252-267
    • Wilson, J.A.1    Carrano, M.T.2
  • 101
    • 0002512690 scopus 로고
    • The extant phylogenetic bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils
    • Thomason J.J. (Ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Witmer L.M. The extant phylogenetic bracket and the importance of reconstructing soft tissues in fossils. In: Thomason J.J. (Ed). Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology (1995), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 19-33
    • (1995) Functional Morphology in Vertebrate Paleontology , pp. 19-33
    • Witmer, L.M.1
  • 102
    • 0024326709 scopus 로고
    • Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control
    • Zajac F.E. Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 17 (1989) 359-411
    • (1989) Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. , vol.17 , pp. 359-411
    • Zajac, F.E.1
  • 103
    • 0001582254 scopus 로고
    • Crocodilian galloping: a unique gait for reptiles
    • Zug G.R. Crocodilian galloping: a unique gait for reptiles. Copeia 1974 (1974) 550-552
    • (1974) Copeia , vol.1974 , pp. 550-552
    • Zug, G.R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.