Pterosaurs: Back to the traditional model?

Trends in Ecology and Evolution

Volumn 14, Issue 7, 1999, Pages 263-268

  Unwin, David M ^a  

^a LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR EVOLUTION AND BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DINOSAUR; MORPHOLOGY; RECONSTRUCTION;

FORELIMB; FOSSIL; GAIT; HINDLIMB; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENY; PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY; REPTILE; REVIEW; SKELETON; STANDING; VERTEBRATE;

EID: 0033168603     PISSN: 01695347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-5347(99)01605-5     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Wellnhofer P. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs. 1991;Salamander Books.
2. Padian, K. (1987) The case of the bat-winged pterosaur. Typological taxonomy and the influence of pictorial representation on scientific perception, in Dinosaurs Past and Present (Vol. II) (Czerkas, S.J. and Olson, E.C., eds) pp. 65-81, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and University of Washington Press.
3. Padian K. Pterosaurs: were they functional birds or functional bats? Rayner J.M.V., Wootton R.J. Biomechanics in Evolution, Seminar Series of the Society for Experimental Biology 36. 1991;146-160 Cambridge University Press.
4. Padian K. Pterosaurs and typology: archetypal physiology in the Owen-Seeley dispute of 1870. Sarjeant W.A.S. Vertebrate Fossils and the Evolution of Scientific Concepts. 1995;285-298 Gordon and Breach.
5. Abel O. Geschichte und Methode der Rekonstruktion Vorzeitlicher Wirbeltiere. 1925;Gustav Fischer Verlag.
6. Wellnhofer P. Die Pterodactyloidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands. Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. math. Naturwiss. Kl. 141:1970;1-133.
7. Unwin D.M., Bakhurina N.N. Sordes pilosus and the nature of the pterosaur flight apparatus. Nature. 371:1994;62-64.
8. Padian K. A functional analysis of flying and walking in pterosaurs. Paleobiology. 9:1983;218-239.
9. Padian K. Osteology and functional morphology of Dimorphodon macronyx (Buckland) (Pterosauria: Rhamphorhynchoidea) based on new material in the Yale Peabody Museum. Postilla. 189:1983;1-44.
10. Padian K. The flight of pterosaurs. Nat. Hist. 97(12):1988;58-65.
11. Padian K., Rayner J.M.V. The wings of pterosaurs. Am. J. Sci. 293A:1993;91-166.
12. Gauthier J.A. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci. 8:1986;1-55.
13. Padian K., Olsen P.E. The fossil trackway Pteraichnus: not pterosaurian, but crocodilian. J. Paleontol. 58:1984;178-184.
14. Soemmerring S.T. Über einen Ornithocephalus brevirostris der Vorwelt. Denkschr. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math. Phys. Kl. 6:1817;89-104.
15. Seeley H.G. Dragons of the Air: an Account of Extinct Flying Reptiles. 1901;Methuen.
16. Broili, F. (1925) Ein Pterodactylus mit Resten der Flughaut, Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturwiss. Abt., 23-34.
17. Broili, F. (1938) Beobachtungen an Pterodactylus, Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturwiss. Abt., 139-154.
18. Abel O. On a skeleton of Pterodactylus antiquus from the lithographic shales of Bavaria, with remains of skin and musculature. Am. Mus. Novit. 192:1925;1-12.
19. Döderlein, L. (1923) Anurognathus Ammoni ein neuer Flugsaurier, Sitzungsber. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturwiss. Abt., 117-164.
20. Wiman C. Über Pterodactylus Westmani und andere Flugsaurier. Bull. Geol. Inst. Univ. Upps. 20:1925;1-38.
21. Stromer von Reichenbach E. Rekonstruktion des Flugsauriers Rhamphorhynchus gemmingi H.v.M. N. Jb. Miner. Geol. Paläontol. Jahrg. 2:1913;49-68.
22. Stieler C. Neuer Rekonstruktionsversuch eines liassischen Flugsauriers. Naturwiss. Wochenschr. Neue Folge. 21:1922;273-280.
23. Bramwell C.D., Whitfield G.R. Biomechanics of Pteranodon. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 267:1974;503-581.
24. Wellnhofer P. Die Rhamphorhynchoidea (Pterosauria) der Oberjura-Plattenkalke Süddeutschlands. III. Palökologie und Stammesgeschichte. Palaeontogr. Ser. A. 149:1975;1-30.
25. Pennycuick C.J. On the reconstruction of pterosaurs and their manner of flight, with notes on vortex wakes. Biol. Rev. 63:1988;209-231.
26. Bennett S.C. A pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Santana Formation of Brazil: implications for terrestrial locomotion. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 10:1990;80-85.
27. Padian K. Pterosauromorpha. Currie P.J., Padian K. Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. 1997;617-618 Academic Press.
28. Padian K. The origins of pterosaurs. Reif W-E., Westphal F. Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems Short Papers. 1984;163-168 Attempto-Verlag.
29. Padian K., Gauthier J.A., Fraser N.C. Scleromochlus taylori and the early evolution of pterosaurs. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 15:1995;47A.
30. Stokes W.L. Pterodactyl tracks from the Morrison Formation. J. Paleontol. 31:1957;952-954.
31. Carroll R.L. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. 1987;W.H. Freeman.
32. Unwin D.M. Pterosaur tracks and the terrestrial ability of pterosaurs. Lethaia. 29:1997;373-386.
33. Wellnhofer P. Terrestrial locomotion in pterosaurs. Hist. Biol. 1:1988;3-16.
34. Wellnhofer P. Weitere Pterosaurierfunde aus der Santana-Formation (Apt) der Chapada do Araripe, Brasilien. Palaeontogr. Ser. A. 215:1991;43-101.
35. Unwin D.M. Pterosaur locomotion. Joggers or waddlers? Nature. 327:1987;13-14.
36. Bakhurina, N.N. and Unwin, D.M. (1995) Taphonomy of pterosaurs from the Upper Jurassic lacustrine lithographic limestones of Karatau, Kazakhstan, in II International Symposium on Lithographic Limestones Cuenca, Spain, pp. 19-21, Universidad Autonáma de Madrid.
37. Bakhurina N.N., Unwin D.M. A survey of pterosaurs from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. Hist. Biol. 10:1995;197-245.
38. Wild R. A juvenile specimen of Eudimorphodon ranzii Zambelli (Reptilia, Pterosauria) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) of Bergamo. Riv. Mus. Civ. Sci. Nat. E. Caffi' Bergamo. 16:1993;95-120.
39. Wellnhofer P. Die Flughaut von Pterodactylus (Reptilia, Pterosauria) am Beispiel des Wiener Exemplares von Pterodactylus kochi (Wagner). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien. 88A:1987;149-162.
40. Unwin D.M., Lü J. On Zhejiangopterus and the relationships of pterodactyloid pterosaurs. Hist. Biol. 12:1997;199-210.
41. Lockley M.G. et al. The fossil trackway Pteraichnus is pterosaurian, not crocodilian: implications for the global distribution of pterosaur tracks. Ichnos. 4:1995;7-20.
42. Bennett S.C. Terrestrial locomotion of pterosaurs: a reconstruction based on Pteraichnus trackways. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 17:1997;104-113.
43. Mazin J-M. et al. Des pistes de ptérosaures dans le Tithonien de Crayssac (Quercy, France). C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris. 321:1995;417-424.
44. Wright J.L.et al. Pterosaur tracks from the Purbeck Formation of Dorset, England. Proc. Geol. Ass. 108:1997;39-48.
45. Lockley M.G. et al. First report of pterosaur tracks from Asia, Chullanam Province, Korea. J. Paleontol. Soc. Korea, Spec. Publ. 2:1997;17-32.
46. Bennett S.C. The arboreal leaping theory of the origin of pterosaur flight. Hist. Biol. 12:1997;265-290.
47. Clark J.M. et al. Foot posture in a primitive pterosaur. Nature. 391:1998;886-889.
48. Unwin D.M. Locomotory roles of the hind limbs in pterosaurs. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 17:1997;82A.
49. Bennett S.C. The phylogenetic position of the Pterosauria within the Archosauromorpha. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 118:1996;261-308.
50. Peters D. A new phylogeny for the Pterosauria. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 17:1997;69A.