메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 171-182

Disasters and mental health: New challenges for the psychiatric profession

Author keywords

Catastrophe; Disaster; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Stress

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR;

EID: 33746517915     PISSN: 15622975     EISSN: 18141412     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15622970500428735     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (19)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APA (American Psychiatric Association). 3rd ed. DSM III. WashingtonDC: APA. (Traducción española. 1985. Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales. 3a ed. DSM-III. Barcelona: Masson.)
    • APA (American Psychiatric Association). 1980. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. DSM III. WashingtonDC: APA. (Traducción española. 1985. Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales. 3a ed. DSM-III. Barcelona: Masson.)
    • (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 2
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APA (American Psychiatric Association). 4th ed. Text revision, DSM-IV-TR. Washington DC: APA. (Traducción española. 2002. Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales. 4a ed. evisión del texto. DSM-IV-TR. Barcelona: Masson.)
    • APA (American Psychiatric Association). 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Text revision, DSM-IV-TR. Washington DC: APA. (Traducción española. 2002. Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales. 4a ed. evisión del texto. DSM-IV-TR. Barcelona: Masson.)
    • (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
  • 4
    • 85050838744 scopus 로고
    • Cultural adaptation to threatened disaster
    • Anderson, JW. (1968) Cultural adaptation to threatened disaster Hum Organizations, 27, pp. 298-307.
    • (1968) Hum Organizations , vol.27 , pp. 298-307
    • Anderson, J.W.1
  • 5
    • 0347078548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De la maladie traumatique aux interfaces du traumatisme. Esquisse d'un modèle de politique de traitement et de soins
    • Andreoli, A. (2000) De la maladie traumatique aux interfaces du traumatisme. Esquisse d'un modèle de politique de traitement et de soins Rev Francophone Stress Trauma, 1(1), pp. 33-44.
    • (2000) Rev Francophone Stress Trauma , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-44
    • Andreoli, A.1
  • 8
    • 70349681816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salud Mental en Situaciones de Desastres: Nuevos Desafíos
    • Benyakar, M. (2002) Salud Mental en Situaciones de Desastres: Nuevos Desafíos Rev Neurol Neurocirug Psiquiatr Méjico, 35(1), pp. 3-25.
    • (2002) Rev Neurol Neurocirug Psiquiatr Méjico , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-25
    • Benyakar, M.1
  • 9
    • 33746514210 scopus 로고
    • List of major natural disasters 1960-1987
    • Benz, G. (1989) List of major natural disasters. 1960-1987 Earthquake Volcanoes, 20, pp. 226-228.
    • (1989) Earthquake Volcanoes , vol.20 , pp. 226-228
    • Benz, G.1
  • 13
    • 0033120535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does stress damage the brain?
    • Bremner, JD. (1999) Does stress damage the brain? Biol Psychiatry, 45(7), pp. 797-805.
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.45 , Issue.7 , pp. 797-805
    • Bremner, J.D.1
  • 14
    • 0028820647 scopus 로고
    • Functional neuroanatomical correlates of the effects of stress on memory
    • Bremner, JD and Krystal, JH and Southwick, SM and Charney, DS. (1995) Functional neuroanatomical correlates of the effects of stress on memory J Trauma Stress, 8(4), pp. 527-553.
    • (1995) J Trauma Stress , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 527-553
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Krystal, J.H.2    Southwick, S.M.3    Charney, D.S.4
  • 15
    • 0033015889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of violent crime
    • Brewin, CR and Andrews, B and Rose, S and Kirk, M. (1999) Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of violent crime Am J Psychiatry, 156(3), pp. 360-366.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.3 , pp. 360-366
    • Brewin, C.R.1    Andrews, B.2    Rose, S.3    Kirk, M.4
  • 16
    • 0014504170 scopus 로고
    • The trauma-theoretical considerations
    • Brüll, F. (1969) The trauma-theoretical considerations Isr Am Psychiatr Relat Discip, 7(1), pp. 96-108.
    • (1969) Isr Am Psychiatr Relat Discip , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 96-108
    • Brüll, F.1
  • 17
    • 0001277497 scopus 로고
    • The perception of natural hazards in resource management
    • Burton, I and Kates, RW. (1964) The perception of natural hazards in resource management Nat Resources J, 3, pp. 412-441.
    • (1964) Nat Resources J , vol.3 , pp. 412-441
    • Burton, I.1    Kates, R.W.2
  • 19
    • 0032125414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory
    • Cahill, L and McGaugh, JL. (1998) Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory Trends Neurosci, 21(7), pp. 294-299.
    • (1998) Trends Neurosci , vol.21 , Issue.7 , pp. 294-299
    • Cahill, L.1    McGaugh, J.L.2
  • 23
    • 84948953899 scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric casualties in Malvinas war: A provisional report
    • In New York: Plenum Press
    • Collazo, C. (1985) Psychiatric casualties in Malvinas war: A provisional report. In Psychiatry: The state of the art. (pp. 400-503). New York: Plenum Press.
    • (1985) Psychiatry: The State of the Art. , pp. 400-503
  • 24
    • 0020966176 scopus 로고
    • The function of dream sleep
    • Crick, F and Mitchison, G. (1983) The function of dream sleep Nature, 304(5922), pp. 111-114.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , Issue.5922 , pp. 111-114
    • Crick, F.1    Mitchison, G.2
  • 25
    • 0000612755 scopus 로고
    • Panorama des séquelles des traumatisms psychiques. Nérvoses traumatiques, états de stress post-traumatique et autres séquelles
    • Crocq, L. (1992) Panorama des séquelles des traumatisms psychiques. Nérvoses traumatiques, états de stress post-traumatique et autres séquelles Psychol Med, 24(5), pp. 427-432.
    • (1992) Psychol Med , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 427-432
    • Crocq, L.1
  • 26
    • 0027430078 scopus 로고
    • Le trauma et ses mythes
    • Crocq, L. (1993) Le trauma et ses mythes Psychol Med, 25(10), pp. 992-999.
    • (1993) Psychol Med , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 992-999
    • Crocq, L.1
  • 27
  • 29
    • 0004825333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Again and again - Is a disaster what we call a disaster
    • Chapter 3. London and New York: Routledge
    • Dombrowsky Wolf, R. (1998) Again and again - Is a disaster what we call a disaster. In What is a 'disaster' Chapter 3. London and New York: Routledge.
    • (1998) What Is a 'Disaster'
    • Dombrowsky Wolf, R.1
  • 30
    • 0031794513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disasters and political unrest: An empirical investigation
    • Drury, AC and Olson, RS. (1998) Disasters and political unrest: An empirical investigation J Contingencies Crisis Management, 6, pp. 153-161.
    • (1998) J Contingencies Crisis Management , vol.6 , pp. 153-161
    • Drury, A.C.1    Olson, R.S.2
  • 32
    • 85071341687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coming to terms with community disaster (Chapter 11)
    • In London and New York: Routledge
    • Dynes, RR. (1998) Coming to terms with community disaster (Chapter 11). In What is a disaster?. (pp. 109-126). London and New York: Routledge.
    • (1998) What Is a Disaster? , pp. 109-126
    • Dynes, RR.1
  • 35
    • 0033960841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Ehlers, A and Clark, DM. (2000) A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder Behav Res Ther, 38(4), pp. 319-345.
    • (2000) Behav Res Ther , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 319-345
    • Ehlers, A.1    Clark, D.M.2
  • 37
    • 0022611832 scopus 로고
    • Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information
    • Foa, EB and Kozak, MJ. (1986) Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information Psychol Bull 198, 99(1), pp. 20-35.
    • (1986) Psychol Bull 198 , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-35
    • Foa, E.B.1    Kozak, M.J.2
  • 38
    • 0030837774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological processes related to recovery from a trauma and an effective treatment for PTSD
    • Foa FB. 1997. Psychological processes related to recovery from a trauma and an effective treatment for PTSD. Ann NY Acad Sci 21;821:410-424.
    • (1997) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.21 , Issue.821 , pp. 410-424
    • Foa, F.B.1
  • 40
    • 33746579539 scopus 로고
    • Foreword to Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts on the theory of Dreams
    • In London: Maresfield Reprints
    • Freud, A. (1969) Foreword to Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts on the theory of Dreams. In The Hampstead Clinic Psychoanalitic Library. London: Maresfield Reprints.
    • (1969) The Hampstead Clinic Psychoanalitic Library
    • Freud, A.1
  • 41
    • 0004233387 scopus 로고
    • Beyond the pleasure principle
    • (authorized translation) 2nd edn. London: Hogarth Press. CJM Hubback
    • Freud, S. (1922) Beyond the pleasure principle. The International Psychoanalytical Library, No. 4. CJM Hubback (authorized translation) 2nd edn. London: Hogarth Press.
    • (1922) The International Psychoanalytical Library , Issue.4
    • Freud, S.1
  • 42
    • 0035988446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Prevention and treatment
    • Friedman, MJ. (2002) Future pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Prevention and treatment Psychiatr Clin North Am, 25(2), pp. 427-441.
    • (2002) Psychiatr Clin North Am , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 427-441
    • Friedman, M.J.1
  • 43
    • 84935179558 scopus 로고
    • The stimulus barrier and the pathogenicity of trauma
    • Furst, SS. (1978) The stimulus barrier and the pathogenicity of trauma Int J Psychoanal, 59(2-3), pp. 345-352.
    • (1978) Int J Psychoanal , vol.59 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 345-352
    • Furst, S.S.1
  • 44
    • 33746492577 scopus 로고
    • Human behaviour under conditions of disaster
    • Gilbert, JE. (1958) Human behaviour under conditions of disaster Med Serv J Can, 14(5), pp. 318-324.
    • (1958) Med Serv J Can , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 318-324
    • Gilbert, J.E.1
  • 45
    • 0012392436 scopus 로고
    • Psychological aspects of disasters
    • Glass, AJ. (1959) Psychological aspects of disasters J Am Med Assoc, 171, pp. 188-191.
    • (1959) J Am Med Assoc , vol.171 , pp. 188-191
    • Glass, A.J.1
  • 46
    • 0032721988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and hippocampal neurogenesis
    • Gould, E and Tanapat, P. (1999) Stress and hippocampal neurogenesis Biol Psychiatry, 46(11), pp. 1472-1479.
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.46 , Issue.11 , pp. 1472-1479
    • Gould, E.1    Tanapat, P.2
  • 47
    • 0019952568 scopus 로고
    • Assessing levels of psychological impairment following disaster
    • Green, BL. (1982) Assessing levels of psychological impairment following disaster J Nerv Ment Dis, 170, pp. 544-552.
    • (1982) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.170 , pp. 544-552
    • Green, B.L.1
  • 50
    • 0002368649 scopus 로고
    • Stress-response syndromes: A review of posttraumatic stress and adjustment disorders
    • New York: Plenum Press
    • Horowitz, MJ. (1993) Stress-response syndromes: A review of posttraumatic stress and adjustment disorders. In International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes. New York: Plenum Press.
    • (1993) International Handbook of Traumatic Stress Syndromes
    • Horowitz, M.J.1
  • 52
    • 0032937814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology and the future of psychoanalysis: A new intellectual framework for psychiatry revisited
    • Kandel, ER. (1999) Biology and the future of psychoanalysis: A new intellectual framework for psychiatry revisited Am J Psychiatry, 156(4), pp. 505-524.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.4 , pp. 505-524
    • Kandel, E.R.1
  • 53
    • 0019514906 scopus 로고
    • The impact of the accident at the Three Mile Island on the behavior and well-being of nuclear workers. Part I: Perceptions and evaluations, behavioral responses and work-related attitudes and feelings. Part II: Job tension, psychophysiological symptoms and indices of distress
    • Kasl, SV and Chisholm, RF and Eskanazi, B. (1981) The impact of the accident at the Three Mile Island on the behavior and well-being of nuclear workers. Part I: Perceptions and evaluations, behavioral responses and work-related attitudes and feelings. Part II: Job tension, psychophysiological symptoms and indices of distress Am J Psychiatry, 71, pp. 472-495.
    • (1981) Am J Psychiatry , vol.71 , pp. 472-495
    • Kasl, S.V.1    Chisholm, R.F.2    Eskanazi, B.3
  • 54
    • 0029974329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A century of controversy surrounding posttraumatic stress stress-spectrum syndromes: The impact on DSM-III and DSM-IV
    • Kinzie, JD and Goetz, RR. (1996) A century of controversy surrounding posttraumatic stress stress-spectrum syndromes: The impact on DSM-III and DSM-IV J Trauma Stress, 9(2), pp. 159-179.
    • (1996) J Trauma Stress , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-179
    • Kinzie, J.D.1    Goetz, R.R.2
  • 60
    • 33746512350 scopus 로고
    • Social reinsertation after catastrophes. The toxic oil syndrome experience
    • López-Ibor Aliño, JJ. (1986) Social reinsertation after catastrophes. The toxic oil syndrome experience Eur J Psychiatry, 1(1), pp. 12-19.
    • (1986) Eur J Psychiatry , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 12-19
    • López-Ibor Aliño, J.J.1
  • 61
    • 0036378941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The classification of stress related disorders
    • López-Ibor, JJ. (2002) The classification of stress related disorders Psychopathology, 35, pp. 107-111.
    • (2002) Psychopathology , vol.35 , pp. 107-111
    • López-Ibor, J.J.1
  • 62
    • 84907041119 scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial rehabilitation in disasters: The experience of the Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome
    • López-Ibor Aliño, JJ and Jiménez Arriero, MA. (1987) Psychosocial rehabilitation in disasters: The experience of the Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome Int Disability Studies, 9, pp. 78-80.
    • (1987) Int Disability Studies , vol.9 , pp. 78-80
    • López-Ibor Aliño, J.J.1    Jiménez Arriero, M.A.2
  • 66
    • 0032912252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and hippocampal plasticity
    • McEwen, BS. (1999) Stress and hippocampal plasticity Annu Rev Neurosci, 22, pp. 105-122.
    • (1999) Annu Rev Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 105-122
    • McEwen, B.S.1
  • 67
    • 0242669222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward early pharmacological posttraumatic stress intervention
    • Morgan, CA III and Krystal, JH and Southwick, SM. (2003) Toward early pharmacological posttraumatic stress intervention Biol Psychiatry, 53(9), pp. 834-843.
    • (2003) Biol Psychiatry , vol.53 , Issue.9 , pp. 834-843
    • Morgan III, C.A.1    Krystal, J.H.2    Southwick, S.M.3
  • 68
    • 84937319860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a politics of disaster: Losses, values, agendas, and blame
    • (August)
    • Olson, RS. (2000) Toward a politics of disaster: Losses, values, agendas, and blame Int J Mass Emergencies Disasters, 18(August), pp. 265-287.
    • (2000) Int J Mass Emergencies Disasters , vol.18 , pp. 265-287
    • Olson, R.S.1
  • 70
    • 33746542324 scopus 로고
    • Community and organizational preparations for and responses to acute chemical emergencies and disasters in the United States: Research findings and their wider applicability
    • In London: Elsevier
    • Quarantelli, EL. (1988) Community and organizational preparations for and responses to acute chemical emergencies and disasters in the United States: Research findings and their wider applicability. In Emergency planning for industrial hazards. (pp. 251-273). London: Elsevier.
    • (1988) Emergency Planning for Industrial Hazards , pp. 251-273
    • Quarantelli, E.L.1
  • 72
    • 0031303718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the central amygdala in stress and adaption
    • Roozendaal, B and Koolhaas, JM and Bohus, B. (1997) The role of the central amygdala in stress and adaption Acta Physiol Scand Suppl, 640, pp. 51-54.
    • (1997) Acta Physiol Scand Suppl , vol.640 , pp. 51-54
    • Roozendaal, B.1    Koolhaas, J.M.2    Bohus, B.3
  • 73
    • 0033792613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hispanic ethnicity and risk for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Ruef, AM and Litz, BT and Schlenger, WE. (2000) Hispanic ethnicity and risk for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol, 6(3), pp. 235-251.
    • (2000) Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-251
    • Ruef, A.M.1    Litz, B.T.2    Schlenger, W.E.3
  • 74
    • 0242588995 scopus 로고
    • The war neuroses and their lessons
    • Salmon, TW. (1919) The war neuroses and their lessons NY J Med, 59, pp. 993-994.
    • (1919) NY J Med , vol.59 , pp. 993-994
    • Salmon, T.W.1
  • 76
    • 0027504441 scopus 로고
    • The mining disaster of Borken, the implementation of a 3-year support programme and the help through EuroActDIS
    • Schüffel, W. (1993) The mining disaster of Borken, the implementation of a 3-year support programme and the help through EuroActDIS J R Soc Med, 86(11), pp. 625-627.
    • (1993) J R Soc Med , vol.86 , Issue.11 , pp. 625-627
    • Schüffel, W.1
  • 77
    • 0016213676 scopus 로고
    • Disaster, crisis theory and intervention strategies
    • Schulberg, HC. (1974) Disaster, crisis theory and intervention strategies Omega, 5, pp. 77-87.
    • (1974) Omega , vol.5 , pp. 77-87
    • Schulberg, H.C.1
  • 79
    • 0002623427 scopus 로고
    • The stress concept today
    • In San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass
    • Selye, H. (1980) The stress concept today. In Handbook of stress and anxiety. San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass.
    • (1980) Handbook of Stress and Anxiety
    • Selye, H.1
  • 80
    • 33746535851 scopus 로고
    • Pilot survey of global natural disasters of the past twenty years
    • University of Toronto. Natural Hazard Research
    • Sheehan L and Hewitt K. 1969. Pilot survey of global natural disasters of the past twenty years. University of Toronto. Natural Hazard Research.
    • (1969)
    • Sheehan, L.1    Hewitt, K.2
  • 85
    • 0142111252 scopus 로고
    • Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to disaster management (DNA/93/36)
    • United Nations. Department of Humanitarian Affairs. Geneva: UN
    • United Nations. (1992) Department of Humanitarian Affairs. Internationally agreed glossary of basic terms related to disaster management (DNA/93/36). Geneva: UN.
    • (1992)
  • 86
    • 33746568739 scopus 로고
    • UNDRCO (United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator Office). Preparedness aspects. New York: United Nations
    • UNDRCO (United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator Office). 1984. Disaster prevention and mitigation. Volume II. Preparedness aspects. New York: United Nations.
    • (1984) Disaster Prevention and Mitigation , vol.2
  • 87
    • 0023619565 scopus 로고
    • The drug treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder
    • van der Kolk, BA. (1987) The drug treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder J Affect Disord, 13(2), pp. 203-213.
    • (1987) J Affect Disord , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-213
    • van der Kolk, B.A.1
  • 88
    • 0142057383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder in older adults
    • van Zelst, WH and de Beurs, E and Beekman, AT and Deeg, DJ and van Dyck, R. (2003) Prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder in older adults Psychother Psychosom, 72(6), pp. 333-342.
    • (2003) Psychother Psychosom , vol.72 , Issue.6 , pp. 333-342
    • van Zelst, W.H.1    de Beurs, E.2    Beekman, A.T.3    Deeg, D.J.4    van Dyck, R.5
  • 92
    • 0003920138 scopus 로고
    • WHO. The ICD-10 International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders Geneva: WHO. [Traducción española. 1992. Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades. Capítulo V (F): Trastornos Mentales y del Comportamiento. Madrid: Meditor.]
    • WHO. 1992. The ICD-10 International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: WHO. [Traducción española. 1992. Clasificación Internacional de las Enfermedades. Capítulo V (F): Trastornos Mentales y del Comportamiento. Madrid: Meditor.]
    • (1992) Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines
  • 94
    • 33746489174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Northridge earthquake: Property tax relief
    • Disaster Legislation. Washington: The White House Publications
    • Wright, SB. (1997) Northridge earthquake: Property tax relief. Disaster Legislation. Washington: The White House Publications.
    • (1997)
    • Wright, S.B.1
  • 95
    • 0030808260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • New York: New York Academy of Sciences
    • Yehuda, R. (1997) Sensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in posttraumatic stress disorder. In Psychobioloy of posttraumatic stress disorder. (pp. 57-75). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
    • (1997) Psychobioloy of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder , pp. 57-75
    • Yehuda, R.1
  • 96
    • 0034054036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biology of posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Yehuda, R. (2000) Biology of posttraumatic stress disorder J Clin Psychiatry, 61(Suppl 7), pp. 14-21.
    • (2000) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 7 , pp. 14-21
    • Yehuda, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.