Biology of posttraumatic stress disorder

Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

Volumn 61, Issue SUPPL. 7, 2000, Pages 14-21

  Yehuda, Rachel ^a,b  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Psychiatry 116A   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISTRESS SYNDROME; FEAR; HUMAN; MEMORY; NEUROBIOLOGY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STRESS;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEAR; FEEDBACK; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; LIFE CHANGE EVENTS; MEMORY; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RECEPTORS, GLUCOCORTICOID; STRESS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC;

EID: 0034054036     PISSN: 01606689     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994
2. McEwen BS. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N Engl J Med 1998;38:171-179
3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1980
4. Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52: 1048-1060
5. Green BL, Lindy JD, Grace MC, et al. Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and diagnostic comorbidity in a disaster sample. J Nerv Ment Dis 1992;180:760-766
6. Charney DS, Deutsch A, Krystal J, et al. Psychobiological mechanisms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:294-305
7. Le Doux JE,. Information flow from sensation to emotion: plasticity in the neural computation of stimulus value. In: Gabriel M, Moore J, eds. Learning and Computational Neuroscience: Foundations of Adaptive Networks. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 1990
8. Davis M. The role of the amygdala in fear-potentiated startle: implications for animal models of anxiety. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1992;13:35-41
9. LeDoux JE, Iwata J, Cicchetti P, et al. Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear. J Neurosci 1988;8:2517-2529
10. Kapp BS, Pascoe JP, Bixler MA. The amygdala: a neuroanatomical systems approach to its contributions to aversive conditioning. In: Buttlers N, Squire LR, eds. Neuropsychology of Memory. New York, NY: Guilford; 1984
11. Roozendaal B, Koolhaas JM, Bohus B. Central amygdaloid involvement in neuroendocrine correlates of conditioned stress responses. J Neuroendocrinol 1992;4:46-52
12. Cannon WB. Emergency function of adrenal medulla in pain and major emotions. Am J Physiol 1914;3:356-372
13. Mountcastle ZB. Medical Physiology, 13th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Publishing; 1973
14. Rivier CL, Plotsky CM. Mediation by corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) of adenohypophysis hormone secretion. Annu Rev Physiol 1986;48: 475-494
15. Selye H. The Stress of Life. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1976
16. Munck A, Guyre PM, Holbrook NJ. Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions. Endocrin Rev 1984;93:9779-9783
17. Keller-Wood ME, Dallman MF. Corticosteroid inhibition of ACTH secretion. Endocrinol Rev 1984;5:1-24
18. de Kloet ER, Reul JM. Feedback action and tonic influence of glucocorticoids on brain function: a concept arising from the heterogeneity of brain receptor systems. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1987;12:83-105
19. Reul JM, de Kloet ER. Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: microdistribution and differential occupation. Endocrinology 1985;117: 2502-2511
20. McEwen BS, DeKloet ER, Rostene W. Adrenal steroid receptors and actions in the nervous system. Physiol Rev 1987;66:1121-1188
21. Shalev AY, Rogel-Fuchs Y. Psychophysiology of the posttraumatic stress disorder: from sulfur fumes to behavioral genetics. Psychosom Med 1993; 55:413-423
22. McFall ME, Murburg DK, Roszell DK, et al. Psychophysiologic and neuroendocrine findings in posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of theory and research. J Anxiety Disord 1989;3:243-257
23. Pitman RK, Orr SP, Forgue DF, et al. Psychophysiological assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder imagery in Vietnam combat veterans. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987;44:970-975
24. Yehuda R, Siever L, Teicher MH, et al. Plasma norepinephrine and MHPG concentrations and severity of depression in combat PTSD and major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:56-63
25. McFall M, Murburg M, Ko G, et al. Autonomic response to stress in Vietnam combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1990;27:1165-1175
26. Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Morgan CA, et al. Abnormal noradrenergic function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50: 266-274
27. Cohen H, Kotler M, Martar MA, et al. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in posttraumatic stress disorder patients. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41:627-629
28. Orr SP, Lasko N, Shalev A, et al. Physiologic responses to loud tones in Vietnam veterans with PTSD. J Abnorm Psychol 1995;104:75-82
29. Yehuda R, Kahana B, Binder-Brynes K, et al. Low urinary cortisol excretion in Holocaust survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:982-986
30. Yehuda R, Southwick SM, Nussbaum G, et al. Low urinary cortisol excretion in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 1990; 178:366-369
31. Chrousos GP, Gold PW. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders: overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. JAMA 1992;267: 1244-1252
32. Bremner JD, Randall P, Scott TM, et al. MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:973-981
33. Bremner J, Licinio J, Darness A, et al. Elevated CSF corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations in post-traumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:624-629
34. Yehuda R, Levengood RA, Schmeidler RA, et al. Increased pituitary activation following metyrapone administration in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Psychoneuroendocrinol 1996;21:1-16
35. Yehuda R, McFarlane AC, Shalev AY. Predicting the development of posttraumatic stress disorder from the acute response to a traumatic event. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:1305-1313
36. Resnick HS, Yehuda R, Foy DW, et al. Effect of prior trauma on acute hormonal response to rape. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1675-1677
37. Shalev AY, Sahar T, Freedman S, et al. A prospective study of heart rate responses following trauma and the subsequent development of PTSD. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:553-559
38. Yehuda R, Southwick SM, Perry BD, et al. Interactions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and catecholaminergic system in posttraumatic stress disorder. In: Giller EL, ed. Biological Assessment and Treatment of PTSD. Progress in Psychiatry Series. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1990:115-134
39. Yehuda R, Resnick HS, Schmiedler H. et al. Predictors of cortisol and MHPG responses in the acute aftermath of rape. Biol Psychiatry 1998;43: 855-859
40. Yehuda R. Parental PTSD as a risk factor for PTSD. In: Yehuda R, ed. Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Progress in Psychiatry Series. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1999
41. Yehuda R, Schmeidler J, Wainberg M, et al. Increased vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder in adult offspring of Holocaust survivors. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:1163-1172
42. Yehuda R, Schmeidler J, Gilier EL, et al. Relationship between PTSD characteristics of Holocaust survivors and their adult offspring. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:841-843
43. Harvey PD, Yehuda R. Strategies to study risk for the development of PTSD. In: Yehuda R, ed. Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Progress in Psychiatry Series. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1999
44. Shalev AY, Sahar T, Freedman S, et al. Physiological response to trauma and subsequent PTSD: a prospective study. In: New Research Program and Abstracts of the 150th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; May 20, 1997; San Diego, Calif. Abstract NR349:161
45. Shalev AY, Peri T, Orr SP, et al. Auditory startle responses in help-seeking trauma survivors. Psychiatry Res 1997;69:1-7
46. Yehuda R, Golier J, Harvey P. Neurobiological changes in elderly trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder. Presented at the 38th annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; Dec 12-16, 1999; Acapulco, Mexico
47. Yehuda R, Harvey P. Relevance of neuroendocrine alterations in PTSD to cognitive impairments of trauma survivors. In: Read JD, Lindsay DS, eds. Recollections of Trauma: Scientific Evidence and Clinical Practice (NATO Asi Series. Series A, Life Sciences, Vol 21). New York, NY: Plenum; 1997
48. Cahill L, Prins B, Weber M, et al. Beta-adrenergic activation and memory for emotional events. Nature 1994;371:702-704
49. De Wied D, Croiset G. Stress modulation of learning and memory processes. Methods Achiev Exp Pathol 1991;15:167-199
50. De Wied D. Neurohypophyseal hormone influences on learning and memory processes. In: Lynch G, McGaugh JL, Weinberger NM, eds. Neurobiology of Leaning and Memory. New York, NY: Guilford; 1984:289
51. Borrell J, De Kloet ER, Vertseeg DHG, et al. Inhibitory avoidance deficit following short-term adrenalectomy in the rat: the role of adrenal catecholamines. Behav Neural Biol 1983;39:241-258
52. Pitman RK. Posttraumatic stress disorder, hormones, and memory. Biol Psychiatry 1989;26:645-652
53. Bonus B. Humoral modulation of learning and memory processes: physiological significance of brain and peripheral mechanisms. In: Delacour J, ed. The Memory System of the Brain: Advanced Series in Neuroscience. Singapore: World Scientific; 1984:337-364
54. Yehuda R. Psychoneuroendocrinology of post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1998;21:359-379
55. Yehuda R, Southwick SM, Krystal JM. et al. Enhanced suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:83-86
56. Svec F. Minireview: glucocorticoid receptor regulation. Life Sci 1985;35: 2359-2366
57. Yehuda R, Boisoneau D, Mason JW, et al. Relationship between lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor number and urinary-free cortisol excretion in mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1993;34:18-25
58. Yehuda R, Boisoneau D, Lowy MT, et al. Dose-response changes in plasma cortisol and lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:583-593
59. Gormley GJ, Lowy MT, Reder AT, et al. Glucocorticoid receptors and depression: relationship to the dexamethasone suppression test. Am J Psychiatry 1985;142:1278-1284
60. Kontula K, Pelkonen R, Andersson L, et al. Glucocorticoid receptors in adrenocorticoid disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;51:654-659
61. Carroll BJ. The dexamethasone suppression test for melancholia. Br J Psychiatry 1982;140:292-304
62. Goenjian AK, Yehuda R, Pynoos RS, et al. Basal cortisol and dexamethasone suppression of cortisol among adolescents after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:929-934
63. Stein MB, Yehuda R, Koverola C, et al. Enhanced dexamethasone suppression of plasma cortisol in adult women traumatized by childhood sexual abuse. Biol Psychiatry 1997;42:680-686
64. Kellner M, Baker D, Yehuda R. Salivary cortisol in Operation Desert Storm returnees. Biol Psychiatry 1997;41:849-850
65. Yehuda R. Linking the neuroendocrinology of posttraumatic stress disorder with recent neuroanatomic findings. Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry 1999;4: 256-265
66. McEwen BS, Sapolsky RM. Stress and cognitive function. Curr Biol 1995; 5:205-216
67. Sapolsky R. Glucocorticoids, stress and exacerbation of excitotoxic neuron death. Semin Neurosci 1994;6:323-331