메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 821, Issue , 1997, Pages 57-75

Sensitization of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis in posttraumatic stress disorder

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARGIPRESSIN; CORTICOTROPIN; CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR; DEXAMETHASONE; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; METYRAPONE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR;

EID: 0030808260     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48269.x     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (231)

References (83)
  • 3
    • 85065460175 scopus 로고
    • Conceptualizing posttraumatic stress disorder: A psychosocial framework
    • C. R. Figley, Ed.: Brunner/Mazel. New York
    • GREEN, B. L., J. P. WILSON & J. D. LINDY. 1985. Conceptualizing posttraumatic stress disorder: A psychosocial framework. In C. R. Figley, Ed.: 53-69. Trauma and Its Wake. Brunner/Mazel. New York.
    • (1985) Trauma and Its Wake , pp. 53-69
    • Green, B.L.1    Wilson, J.P.2    Lindy, J.D.3
  • 5
    • 0011136699 scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
    • H. I. Kaplan, A. M. Freedman & B. J. Sadock, Eds. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore, MD
    • ANDREASEN, N. C. 1980. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. In H. I. Kaplan, A. M. Freedman & B. J. Sadock, Eds. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, Third Edition. Vol. 2. Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore, MD.
    • (1980) Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, Third Edition , vol.2
    • Andreasen, N.C.1
  • 6
    • 0028867185 scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey
    • KESSLER, R. C., A. SONNEGA, E. BROMET et al. 1995. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 52: 1048-1060.
    • (1995) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 1048-1060
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Sonnega, A.2    Bromet, E.3
  • 7
    • 0025909241 scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: An epidemiological study
    • DAVIDSON, J. R. T., D. HUGHES, D. BLAZER et al. 1991. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: An epidemiological study. Psychol. Med. 21: 1-9.
    • (1991) Psychol. Med. , vol.21 , pp. 1-9
    • Davidson, J.R.T.1    Hughes, D.2    Blazer, D.3
  • 8
    • 0026033672 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic events and post traumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults
    • BRESLAU, N., G. C. DAVIS, P. ANDRESKI et al. 1991. Traumatic events and post traumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 48: 216-222.
    • (1991) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 216-222
    • Breslau, N.1    Davis, G.C.2    Andreski, P.3
  • 10
    • 0028856568 scopus 로고
    • Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis
    • YEHUDA, R. & A. C. MCFARLANE. 1995. Conflict between current knowledge about posttraumatic stress disorder and its original conceptual basis. Am. J. Psychiatry 152: 1705-1713.
    • (1995) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 1705-1713
    • Yehuda, R.1    Mcfarlane, A.C.2
  • 11
    • 0024332285 scopus 로고
    • Neurobiological aspects of PTSD: Review of clinical and preclinical studies
    • KRYSTAL, J. H., T. R. KOSTEN, B. D. PERRY et al. 1989. Neurobiological aspects of PTSD: Review of clinical and preclinical studies. Behav. Ther. 20: 177-198.
    • (1989) Behav. Ther. , vol.20 , pp. 177-198
    • Krystal, J.H.1    Kosten, T.R.2    Perry, B.D.3
  • 12
    • 0022210385 scopus 로고
    • Inescapable shock, neurotransmitters, and addition to trauma: Toward a psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder
    • VANDER KOLK, B., M. GREENBERG, H. BOYD et al. 1985. Inescapable shock, neurotransmitters, and addition to trauma: Toward a psychobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 20: 314-325.
    • (1985) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.20 , pp. 314-325
    • Vander Kolk, B.1    Greenberg, M.2    Boyd, H.3
  • 13
    • 0023247433 scopus 로고
    • A neuropsychological hypothesis explaining the posttraumatic stress disorder
    • KOLB, L. C. 1987. A neuropsychological hypothesis explaining the posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 144: 989-995.
    • (1987) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 989-995
    • Kolb, L.C.1
  • 14
    • 0001801141 scopus 로고
    • Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions
    • MUNCK, A., P. M. GUYRE & N. J. HOLBROOK. 1984. Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions. Endocr. Rev. 93: 9779-9783.
    • (1984) Endocr. Rev. , vol.93 , pp. 9779-9783
    • Munck, A.1    Guyre, P.M.2    Holbrook, N.J.3
  • 15
    • 0026536665 scopus 로고
    • The concepts of stress and stress system disorders: Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis
    • CHROUSOS, G. P. & P. W. GOLD. 1992. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders: Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 267: 1244-1252.
    • (1992) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.267 , pp. 1244-1252
    • Chrousos, G.P.1    Gold, P.W.2
  • 16
    • 0015534675 scopus 로고
    • Disrupted 24-hr patterns of cortisol secretion in psychotic depression
    • SACHAR, E. J., L. HELLMAN & H. P. ROFFWARG. 1973. Disrupted 24-hr patterns of cortisol secretion in psychotic depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 28: 19-24.
    • (1973) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 19-24
    • Sachar, E.J.1    Hellman, L.2    Roffwarg, H.P.3
  • 17
    • 0003513861 scopus 로고
    • McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. New York
    • SELYE, H. 1956. The Stress of Life. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. New York.
    • (1956) The Stress of Life
    • Selye, H.1
  • 18
    • 0022656717 scopus 로고
    • Urinary-free cortisol levels in post-traumatic stress disorder patients
    • MASON, J. W., E. L. GILLER, T. R. KOSTEN et al. 1986. Urinary-free cortisol levels in post-traumatic stress disorder patients. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 174: 145-159.
    • (1986) J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. , vol.174 , pp. 145-159
    • Mason, J.W.1    Giller, E.L.2    Kosten, T.R.3
  • 19
    • 0025300355 scopus 로고
    • Low urinary cortisol excretion in patients with PTSD
    • YEHUDA, R., S. M. SOUTHWICK, G. NUSSBAUM et al. 1990. Low urinary cortisol excretion in patients with PTSD. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 178: 366-369.
    • (1990) J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. , vol.178 , pp. 366-369
    • Yehuda, R.1    Southwick, S.M.2    Nussbaum, G.3
  • 20
    • 0027203816 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor number and urinary-free cortisol excretion in mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorder
    • YEHUDA, R., D. BOISONEAU, J. W. MASON et al. 1993. Relationship between lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor number and urinary-free cortisol excretion in mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 34: 18-25.
    • (1993) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 18-25
    • Yehuda, R.1    Boisoneau, D.2    Mason, J.W.3
  • 21
    • 0000234456 scopus 로고
    • Low urinary cortisol excretion in holocaust survivors with PTSD
    • YEHUDA, R., B. KAHANA, K. BINDER-BRYNES et al. 1995. Low urinary cortisol excretion in holocaust survivors with PTSD. Am. J. Psychiatry 152: 7-12.
    • (1995) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 7-12
    • Yehuda, R.1    Kahana, B.2    Binder-Brynes, K.3
  • 22
    • 0025060942 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour urinary cortisol and catecholamine excretion in combat-related PTSD
    • PITMAN, R. K. & S. ORR. 1990. Twenty-four hour urinary cortisol and catecholamine excretion in combat-related PTSD. Biol. Psychiatry 27: 245-247.
    • (1990) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 245-247
    • Pitman, R.K.1    Orr, S.2
  • 23
    • 0028917715 scopus 로고
    • Abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for chronic neuroendocrine activation in women
    • LEMIEUX, A. M. & C. L. COE. 1995. Abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for chronic neuroendocrine activation in women. Psychosom. Med. 57: 105-115.
    • (1995) Psychosom. Med. , vol.57 , pp. 105-115
    • Lemieux, A.M.1    Coe, C.L.2
  • 24
    • 0014610458 scopus 로고
    • Urinary cortisol excretion determined by competitive protein binding radioassay: A test of adrenal cortical function
    • MEIKLE, A. W., H. TAKIGUCHI & S. MIZUTANI. 1969. Urinary cortisol excretion determined by competitive protein binding radioassay: A test of adrenal cortical function. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 74: 803-812.
    • (1969) J. Lab. Clin. Med. , vol.74 , pp. 803-812
    • Meikle, A.W.1    Takiguchi, H.2    Mizutani, S.3
  • 25
    • 0024537628 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of HPA axis abnormalities in patients with major depression: An update
    • KATHOL, R. G., R. S. JAECKLE & W. F. LOPEZ. 1989. Pathophysiology of HPA axis abnormalities in patients with major depression: An update: Am. J. Psychiatry 1246: 311-317.
    • (1989) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.1246 , pp. 311-317
    • Kathol, R.G.1    Jaeckle, R.S.2    Lopez, W.F.3
  • 26
    • 0025986164 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction in PTSD
    • YEHUDA, R., E. L. GILLER, S. M. SOUTHWICK et al. 1991. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction in PTSD. Biol. Psychiatry 30: 1031-1048.
    • (1991) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 1031-1048
    • Yehuda, R.1    Giller, E.L.2    Southwick, S.M.3
  • 27
    • 0024399374 scopus 로고
    • Low plasma b-endorphin in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • HOFFMAN, L., P. B. WATSON, G. WILSON et al. 1989. Low plasma b-endorphin in posttraumatic stress disorder. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 23: 269-273.
    • (1989) Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry , vol.23 , pp. 269-273
    • Hoffman, L.1    Watson, P.B.2    Wilson, G.3
  • 28
    • 0029043632 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response changes in plasma cortisol and lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
    • YEHUDA, R., D. BOISONEAU, M. T. LOWY et al. 1995. Dose-response changes in plasma cortisol and lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 52: 583-593.
    • (1995) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 583-593
    • Yehuda, R.1    Boisoneau, D.2    Lowy, M.T.3
  • 29
    • 0027476739 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder
    • YEHUDA, R., S. M. SOUTHWICK, J. M. KRYSTAL et al. 1993. Enhanced suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 150: 83-86.
    • (1993) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.150 , pp. 83-86
    • Yehuda, R.1    Southwick, S.M.2    Krystal, J.M.3
  • 30
    • 0027447306 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal noradrenergic function in post traumatic stress disorder
    • SOUTHWICK, S. M., J. H. KRYSTAL, A. C. MORGAN et al. 1993. Abnormal noradrenergic function in post traumatic stress disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 50: 266-274.
    • (1993) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 266-274
    • Southwick, S.M.1    Krystal, J.H.2    Morgan, A.C.3
  • 31
    • 0030008161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder, exposure to combat, and lower plasma cortisol among Vietnam veterans: Findings and clinical implications
    • BOSCARINO, J. A. 1996. Posttraumatic stress disorder, exposure to combat, and lower plasma cortisol among Vietnam veterans: Findings and clinical implications. J. Clin. Consult. Psychol. 64: 191-201.
    • (1996) J. Clin. Consult. Psychol. , vol.64 , pp. 191-201
    • Boscarino, J.A.1
  • 32
    • 0029949410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal cortisol and dexamethasone suppression of cortisol among adolescents after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia
    • GOENJIAN, A. K., R. YEHUDA, R. S. PYNOOS et al. 1996. Basal cortisol and dexamethasone suppression of cortisol among adolescents after the 1988 earthquake in Armenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 153: 929-934.
    • (1996) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 929-934
    • Goenjian, A.K.1    Yehuda, R.2    Pynoos, R.S.3
  • 34
    • 0029896499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortisol regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression: A chronobiological analysis
    • YEHUDA, R., M. H. TEICHER, R. L. TRESTMAN et al. 1996. Cortisol regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression: A chronobiological analysis. Biol. Psychiatry 40: 79-88.
    • (1996) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 79-88
    • Yehuda, R.1    Teicher, M.H.2    Trestman, R.L.3
  • 35
    • 73649193967 scopus 로고
    • Urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in parents of children with neoplastic disease. A study of chronic psychological stress
    • FRIEDMAN, S. B., J. W. MASON & D. A. HANBURG. 1963. Urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in parents of children with neoplastic disease. A study of chronic psychological stress. Psychosom. Med. 25: 364-376.
    • (1963) Psychosom. Med. , vol.25 , pp. 364-376
    • Friedman, S.B.1    Mason, J.W.2    Hanburg, D.A.3
  • 37
    • 0027366651 scopus 로고
    • Endocrine correlates of stress vulnerability
    • HELLHAMMER, D. H. & S. WADE. 1993. Endocrine correlates of stress vulnerability. Psychother. Psychosom. 60: 8-17.
    • (1993) Psychother. Psychosom. , vol.60 , pp. 8-17
    • Hellhammer, D.H.1    Wade, S.2
  • 38
    • 0014102180 scopus 로고
    • Urinary 17-OHCA levels. Data on seven helicopter ambulance medics in combat
    • BOURNE, P. B., R. M. ROSE & J. W. MASON. 1967. Urinary 17-OHCA levels. Data on seven helicopter ambulance medics in combat. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 17: 104-110.
    • (1967) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 104-110
    • Bourne, P.B.1    Rose, R.M.2    Mason, J.W.3
  • 39
    • 0014321633 scopus 로고
    • 17-OHCS levels in combat: Special forces "A" team under threat of attack
    • BOURNE, P. B., R. M. ROSE & J. W. MASON. 1968. 17-OHCS levels in combat: Special forces "A" team under threat of attack. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 19: 135-140.
    • (1968) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.19 , pp. 135-140
    • Bourne, P.B.1    Rose, R.M.2    Mason, J.W.3
  • 41
    • 0027219988 scopus 로고
    • Multiple changes of immunologic parameters in prisoners of war
    • DEKARIS, D., A. SABIONCELLO, R. MAZURAN et al. 1993. Multiple changes of immunologic parameters in prisoners of war. JAMA 270: 595-599.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 595-599
    • Dekaris, D.1    Sabioncello, A.2    Mazuran, R.3
  • 42
    • 0027955544 scopus 로고
    • Psychological and endocrine abnormalities in refugees from East Germany: Part II. Serum levels of cortisol, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone
    • BAUER, M., S. PRIEBE, K. J. GRAF et al. 1994. Psychological and endocrine abnormalities in refugees from East Germany: Part II. Serum levels of cortisol, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone. Psychiatry Res. 51: 75-85.
    • (1994) Psychiatry Res. , vol.51 , pp. 75-85
    • Bauer, M.1    Priebe, S.2    Graf, K.J.3
  • 43
    • 0021868746 scopus 로고
    • Minireview: Glucocorticoid receptor regulation
    • SVEC, F. 1985. Minireview: Glucocorticoid receptor regulation. Life Sci. 35: 2359-2366.
    • (1985) Life Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 2359-2366
    • Svec, F.1
  • 44
    • 0022579038 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptors and depression
    • WHALLEY, L. J., N. BORTHWICK & D. COPOLOV. 1986. Glucocorticoid receptors and depression. Br. Med. J. 292: 859-861.
    • (1986) Br. Med. J. , vol.292 , pp. 859-861
    • Whalley, L.J.1    Borthwick, N.2    Copolov, D.3
  • 45
    • 0022358054 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid receptors in depression: Relationship to the dexamethasone suppression test
    • GORMLEY, G. J., M. T., LOWY, A. T. REDER et al. 1985. Glucocorticoid receptors in depression: Relationship to the dexamethasone suppression test. Am. J. Psychiatry 142: 1278-1284.
    • (1985) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.142 , pp. 1278-1284
    • Gormley, G.J.1    Lowy, M.T.2    Reder, A.T.3
  • 46
    • 0002725569 scopus 로고
    • Immune function, glucocorticoid receptor regulation and depression
    • A. H. Miller, Ed.: APA Press. Washington, DC
    • LOWY, M. T., G. J. GORMLEY & A. T. REDER. 1989. Immune function, glucocorticoid receptor regulation and depression. In Depressive Disorders and Immunity. A. H. Miller, Ed.: 105-134. APA Press. Washington, DC.
    • (1989) Depressive Disorders and Immunity , pp. 105-134
    • Lowy, M.T.1    Gormley, G.J.2    Reder, A.T.3
  • 47
    • 0026081904 scopus 로고
    • Increased lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor number in PTSD
    • YEHUDA, R., M. T. LOWY, S. M. SOUTHWICK et al. 1991. Increased lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor number in PTSD. Am. J. Psychiatry 149: 499-504.
    • (1991) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.149 , pp. 499-504
    • Yehuda, R.1    Lowy, M.T.2    Southwick, S.M.3
  • 48
    • 34547387888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HPA axis functioning in adult women who report experiencing severe childhood sexual abuse
    • In press
    • STEIN, M. B., R. YEHUDA, C. KOVEROLA et al. 1997. HPA axis functioning in adult women who report experiencing severe childhood sexual abuse. Biol. Psychiatry. In press.
    • (1997) Biol. Psychiatry
    • Stein, M.B.1    Yehuda, R.2    Koverola, C.3
  • 50
    • 0021365828 scopus 로고
    • Stress down regulates corticosterone receptors in a site specific manner in the brain
    • SAPOLSKY, R. M., L. C. KREY & B. S. MCEWEN. 1984. Stress down regulates corticosterone receptors in a site specific manner in the brain. Endocrinology 114: 287-292.
    • (1984) Endocrinology , vol.114 , pp. 287-292
    • Sapolsky, R.M.1    Krey, L.C.2    Mcewen, B.S.3
  • 51
    • 0023766021 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of in vivo and in vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity in depression: Relationship to the dexamethasone suppression test
    • LOWY, M. T., M. Y. REDER, G. J. GORMLEY et al. 1988. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro glucocorticoid sensitivity in depression: Relationship to the dexamethasone suppression test. Biol. Psychiatry 24: 619-630.
    • (1988) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 619-630
    • Lowy, M.T.1    Reder, M.Y.2    Gormley, G.J.3
  • 52
    • 0023232461 scopus 로고
    • The dexamethasone suppression test: An overview of its current status in psychiatry
    • APA Task Force on Laboratory Tests in Psychiatry. 1987. The dexamethasone suppression test: An overview of its current status in psychiatry. Am. J. Psychiatry 144: 1253-1262.
    • (1987) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 1253-1262
  • 53
    • 0019435794 scopus 로고
    • A specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of melancholia
    • CAROLL, B. J., M. FEINBERG, J. F. GREDEN et al. 1981. A specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of melancholia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 38: 15-22.
    • (1981) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.38 , pp. 15-22
    • Caroll, B.J.1    Feinberg, M.2    Greden, J.F.3
  • 54
    • 0023253201 scopus 로고
    • The DST and posttraumatic stress disorder
    • KUDLER, H., J. DAVIDSON & K. MEADOR. 1987. The DST and posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 144: 1068-1071.
    • (1987) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 1068-1071
    • Kudler, H.1    Davidson, J.2    Meador, K.3
  • 55
    • 0000462456 scopus 로고
    • Affective disorders, DST, and treatment in PTSD patients: Clinical observations
    • OLIVERA, A. A. & D. FERO. 1990. Affective disorders, DST, and treatment in PTSD patients: Clinical observations. J. Traumatic Stress 3: 407-414.
    • (1990) J. Traumatic Stress , vol.3 , pp. 407-414
    • Olivera, A.A.1    Fero, D.2
  • 56
    • 0025188101 scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of a neuroendocrine test battery in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • DINAN, T. G., S. BARRY, L. N. YATHAM et al. 1990. A pilot study of a neuroendocrine test battery in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 28: 665-672.
    • (1990) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 665-672
    • Dinan, T.G.1    Barry, S.2    Yatham, L.N.3
  • 57
    • 0024465091 scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in endogenously depressed posttraumatic stress disorder patients
    • HALBREICH, U., J. OLYMPIA, S. CARSON et al. 1989. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in endogenously depressed posttraumatic stress disorder patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology 14: 365-370.
    • (1989) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.14 , pp. 365-370
    • Halbreich, U.1    Olympia, J.2    Carson, S.3
  • 58
    • 0025170005 scopus 로고
    • The dexamethasone suppression test and thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in PTSD
    • KOSTEN, T. R., V. WAHBY, E. GILLER et al. 1990. The dexamethasone suppression test and thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in PTSD. Biol. Psychiatry 28: 657.
    • (1990) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 657
    • Kosten, T.R.1    Wahby, V.2    Giller, E.3
  • 59
    • 0024339957 scopus 로고
    • The corticotropin releasing hormone test in patients with PTSD
    • SMITH, M. A., J. DAVIDSON, J. C. RITCHIE et al. 1989. The corticotropin releasing hormone test in patients with PTSD. Biol. Psychiatry 26: 349-355.
    • (1989) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 349-355
    • Smith, M.A.1    Davidson, J.2    Ritchie, J.C.3
  • 60
    • 0022612578 scopus 로고
    • Responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone the hypercortisolism of depression and Cushing's disease
    • GOLD, P. W., D. L. LORIAUX & A. ROY. 1986. Responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone the hypercortisolism of depression and Cushing's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 314: 1329-1335.
    • (1986) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.314 , pp. 1329-1335
    • Gold, P.W.1    Loriaux, D.L.2    Roy, A.3
  • 61
    • 1842606918 scopus 로고
    • Blunted corticotropin and normal cortisol responses to human corticotropin-releasing factor in depression
    • HOLSBOER, F., U. VON BARDELEBEN & A. GERKEN. 1984. Blunted corticotropin and normal cortisol responses to human corticotropin-releasing factor in depression. N. Engl. J. Med. 311: 1127-1131.
    • (1984) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.311 , pp. 1127-1131
    • Holsboer, F.1    Von Bardeleben, U.2    Gerken, A.3
  • 62
    • 0024356451 scopus 로고
    • Augmented pituitary ACTH response to a threshold dosage of CRH in depressives pretreated with metyrapone
    • LISANSKY, J., O. T. PEAKE, R. J. STRASSMAN et al. 1989. Augmented pituitary ACTH response to a threshold dosage of CRH in depressives pretreated with metyrapone. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 46: 641-649.
    • (1989) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 641-649
    • Lisansky, J.1    Peake, O.T.2    Strassman, R.J.3
  • 63
    • 0029922087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased pituitary activation following metyrapone administration in PTSD
    • YEHUDA, R., R. LEVENGOOD, J. SCHMEIDLER et al. 1996. Increased pituitary activation following metyrapone administration in PTSD. Psychoneuroendocrinology 21: 1-16.
    • (1996) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.21 , pp. 1-16
    • Yehuda, R.1    Levengood, R.2    Schmeidler, J.3
  • 65
    • 0021714606 scopus 로고
    • Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients
    • NEMEROFF, C. B., E. WIDERLOV, G. BISSETTE et al. 1984. Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients. Science 226: 1342-1344.
    • (1984) Science , vol.226 , pp. 1342-1344
    • Nemeroff, C.B.1    Widerlov, E.2    Bissette, G.3
  • 66
    • 0023475108 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiologic assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder imagery in Vietnam combat veterans
    • PITMAN, R. K., S. P. ORR, D. F. FORGUE et al. 1987. Psychophysiologic assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder imagery in Vietnam combat veterans. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 44: 970-975.
    • (1987) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 970-975
    • Pitman, R.K.1    Orr, S.P.2    Forgue, D.F.3
  • 67
    • 0027437621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiology of the PTSD 1993. From sulfur fumes to behavioral genetics
    • SHALEV, A. & Y. ROGEL-FUCHS. Psychophysiology of the PTSD 1993. From sulfur fumes to behavioral genetics. Psychosom. Med. 55: 413-423.
    • Psychosom. Med. , vol.55 , pp. 413-423
    • Shalev, A.1    Rogel-Fuchs, Y.2
  • 68
    • 0027516598 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiologic assessment of traumatic imagery in Israeli civilian patients with posttraumatic stress disorders
    • SHALEV, A. Y., F. P. ORR & R. K. PITMAN. 1993. Psychophysiologic assessment of traumatic imagery in Israeli civilian patients with posttraumatic stress disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 150: 620-624.
    • (1993) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.150 , pp. 620-624
    • Shalev, A.Y.1    Orr, F.P.2    Pitman, R.K.3
  • 69
    • 0026574629 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic responses to loud tones in Israeli post-traumatic stress disorder patients
    • SHALEV, A. Y., S. P. ORR, P. PERI et al. 1992. Physiologic responses to loud tones in Israeli post-traumatic stress disorder patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 40: 870-975.
    • (1992) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 870-975
    • Shalev, A.Y.1    Orr, S.P.2    Peri, P.3
  • 70
    • 0027488953 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal stimulus processing in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • MCFARLANE, A. C., D. WEBER & R. CLARK. 1993. Abnormal stimulus processing in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 34: 311-320.
    • (1993) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 311-320
    • Mcfarlane, A.C.1    Weber, D.2    Clark, R.3
  • 71
    • 0025021747 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiological correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans
    • PAIGE, S. R., G. M. REID, M. G. ALLEN et al. 1990. Psychophysiological correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans. Biol. Psychiatry 27: 419-430.
    • (1990) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 419-430
    • Paige, S.R.1    Reid, G.M.2    Allen, M.G.3
  • 72
    • 0023206108 scopus 로고
    • A laboratory procedure for the induction of flashbacks
    • RAINEY, J. M., A. ALEEM & A. ORTIZ. 1987. A laboratory procedure for the induction of flashbacks. Am. J. Psychiatry 144: 1317-1319.
    • (1987) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 1317-1319
    • Rainey, J.M.1    Aleem, A.2    Ortiz, A.3
  • 74
    • 0025332302 scopus 로고
    • Autonomic response to stress in Vietnam combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder
    • MCFALL, M., M. MURBURG & G. KO. 1990. Autonomic response to stress in Vietnam combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 27: 1165-1175.
    • (1990) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 1165-1175
    • Mcfall, M.1    Murburg, M.2    Ko, G.3
  • 76
    • 0022224140 scopus 로고
    • Habituation and cortisol dysregulation in depression
    • REUS, V. I., V. S. PEEKE & C. MINER. 1985. Habituation and cortisol dysregulation in depression. Biol. Psychiatry 20: 980-989.
    • (1985) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.20 , pp. 980-989
    • Reus, V.I.1    Peeke, V.S.2    Miner, C.3
  • 77
    • 0028871310 scopus 로고
    • Effect of previous trauma on acute plasma cortisol level following rape
    • RESNICK, H. S., R. YEHUDA, R. PITMAN et al. 1995. Effect of previous trauma on acute plasma cortisol level following rape. Am. J. Psychiatry 152: 1675-1677.
    • (1995) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 1675-1677
    • Resnick, H.S.1    Yehuda, R.2    Pitman, R.3
  • 81
    • 34547388280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STEIN, M. B. et al., this volume
    • STEIN, M. B. et al., this volume.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.