The emerging role of pituitary tumor transforming gene in tumorigenesis

Clinical Medicine and Research

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 130-137

  Tfelt Hansen, Jacob ^a,b   Kanuparthi, Deepthi ^b   Chattopadhyay, Naibedya ^b  

^a Rigshospitalet   (Denmark)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Aneuploidy; Angiogenesis; Cell cycle; Pituitary adenoma

Indexed keywords

ANAPHASE; ANEUPLOIDY; APOPTOSIS; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION; COLON CANCER; DNA DEGRADATION; DNA REPAIR; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION; GLIOMA; HYPOPHYSIS ADENOMA; MITOSIS; NONHUMAN; ONCOGENE; PITUITARY TUMOR TRANSFORMING GENE; REVIEW; THYROID CANCER;

ADENOMA; APOPTOSIS; CELL CYCLE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR; HUMANS; NEOPLASM PROTEINS; NEOPLASMS; ONCOGENES; PITUITARY NEOPLASMS; RNA, MESSENGER;

EID: 33745928466     PISSN: 15394182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3121/cmr.4.2.130     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Zou H, McGarry TJ, Bernal T, Kirschner MW. Identification of a vertebrate sister-chromatid separation inhibitor involved in transformation and tumorigenesis. Science 1999;285:418-422.
2. Nasmyth K. Segregating sister genomes: the molecular biology of chromosome separation. Science 2002;297:559-565.
3. Nasmyth K, Peters JM, Uhlmann F. Splitting the chromosome: cutting the ties that bind sister chromatids. Science 2000;288:1379-1385.
4. Peters JM. The anaphase-promoting complex: proteolysis in mitosis and beyond. Mol Cell 2002;9:931-943.
5. Yu H, Peters JM, King RW, Page AM, Hieter P, Kirschner MW. Identification of a cullin homology region in a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex. Science 1998;279:1219-1222.
6. Harper JW, Burton JL, Solomon MJ. The anaphase-promoting complex: it's not just for mitosis any more. Genes Dev 2002;16:2179-2206.
7. Pei L, Melmed S. Isolation and characterization of a pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG). Mol Endocrinol 1997;11:433-441.
8. Zhang X, Horwitz GA, Prezant TR, Valentini A, Nakashima M, Bronstein MD, Melmed S. Structure, expression, and function of human pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG). Mol Endocrinol 1999;13:156-166.
9. Horwitz GA, Miklovsky I, Heaney AP, Ren SG, Melmed S. Human pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG1) motif suppresses prolactin expression. Mol Endocrinol 2003;17:600-609.
10. McCabe CJ, Gittoes NJ. PTTG-a new pituitary tumour transforming gene. J Endocrinol 1999;162:163-166.
11. Chien W, Pei L. A novel binding factor facilitates nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation function of the pituitary tumor-transforming gene product. J Biol Chem 2000;275:19422-19427.
12. Boelaert K, Tannahill LA, Bulmer JN, Kachilele S, Chan SY, Kim D, Gittoes NJ, Franklyn JA, Kilby MD, McCabe CJ. A potential role for PTTG/securin in the developing human fetal brain. FASEB J 2003;17:1631-1639.
13. Wang Z, Moro E, Kovacs K, Yu R, Melmed S. Pituitary tumor transforming gene-null male mice exhibit impaired pancreatic beta cell proliferation and diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:3428-3432.
14. Suhardja AS, Kovacs KT, Rutka JT. Molecular pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas: a review. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1999;141:729-736.
15. Yu R, Melmed S. Oncogene activation in pituitary tumors. Brain Pathol 2001;11:328-341.
16. McCabe CJ, Khaira JS, Boelaert K, Heaney AP, Tannahill LA, Hussain S, Mitchell R, Olliff J, Sheppard MC, Franklyn JA, Gittoes NJ. Expression of pituitary tumour transforming gene (PTTG) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in human pituitary adenomas: relationships to clinical tumour behaviour. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;58:141-150.
17. Saez C, Japon MA, Ramos-Morales F, Romero F, Segura DI, Tortolero M, Pintor-Toro JA. hpttg is over-expressed in pituitary adenomas and other primary epithelial neoplasias. Oncogene 1999;18:5473-5476.
18. Zhang X, Horwitz GA, Heaney AP, Nakashima M, Prezant TR, Bronstein MD, Melmed S. Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) expression in pituitary adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:761-767.
19. Heaney AP, Horwitz GA, Wang Z, Singson R, Melmed S. Early involvement of estrogen-induced pituitary tumor transforming gene and fibroblast growth factor expression in prolactinoma pathogenesis. Nat Med 1999;5:1317-1321.
20. Atkin SL, Green VL, Hipkin LJ, Landolt AM, Foy PM, Jeffreys RV, White MC. A comparison of proliferation indices in human anterior pituitary adenomas using formalin-fixed tissue and in vitro cell culture. J Neurosurg 1997;87:85-88.
21. Thapar K, Kovacs K, Scheithauer BW, Stefaneanu L, Horvath E, Pernicone PJ, Murray D, Laws ER Jr. Proliferative activity and invasiveness among pituitary adenomas and carcinomas: an analysis using the MIB-1 antibody. Neurosurgery 1996;38:99-106.
22. Knosp E, Kitz K, Perneczky A. Proliferation activity in pituitary adenomas: measurement by monoclonal antibody Ki-67. Neurosurgery 1989;25:927-930.
23. Thapar K, Scheithauer BW, Kovacs K, Pernicone PJ, Laws ER Jr. p53 expression in pituitary adenomas and carcinomas: correlation with invasiveness and tumor growth fractions. Neurosurgery 1996;38:765-770.
24. Abbud RA, Takumi I, Barker EM, Ren SG, Chen DY, Wawrowsky K, Melmed S. Early multipotential pituitary focal hyperplasia in the alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormone-driven pituitary tumor-transforming gene transgenic mice. Mol Endocrinol 2005;19:1383-1391.
25. Hu N, Gutsmann A, Herbert DC, Bradley A, Lee WH, Lee EY. Heterozygous Rb-1 delta 20/+mice are predisposed to tumors of the pituitary gland with a nearly complete penetrance. Oncogene 1994;9:1021-1027.
26. Classon M, Harlow E. The retinoblastoma tumour suppressor in development and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2002;2:910-917.
27. Chesnokova V, Kovacs K, Castro AV, Zonis S, Melmed S. Pituitary hypoplasia in Pttg-/- mice is protective for Rb+/-pituitary tumorigenesis. Mol Endocrinol 2005;19:2371-2379.
28. Folkman J, Klagsbrun M. Angiogenic factors. Science 1987;235:442-447.
29. Hanahan D, Folkman J. Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell 1996;86:353-364.
30. Pei L. Identification of c-myc as a down-stream target for pituitary tumor-transforming gene. J Biol Chem 2001;276:8484-8491.
31. Zimering MB, Katsumata N, Sato Y, Brandi ML, Aurbach GD, Marx SJ, Friesen HG. Increased basic fibroblast growth factor in plasma from multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: relation to pituitary tumor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:1182-1187.
32. Ray D, Melmed S. Pituitary cytokine and growth factor expression and action. Endocr Rev 1997;18:206-228.
33. Shimon I, Huttner A, Said J, Spirina OM, Melmed S. Heparin-binding secretory transforming gene (hst) facilitates rat lactotrope cell tumorigenesis and induces prolactin gene transcription. J Clin Invest 1996;97:187-195.
34. Gonsky R, Herman V, Melmed S, Fagin J. Transforming DNA sequences present in human prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors. Mol Endocrinol 1991;5:1687-1695.
35. McCabe CJ, Heaney AP. Pituitary tumour transforming gene in endocrine cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;58:673-682.
36. Hunter JA, Skelly RH, Aylwin SJ, Geddes JF, Evanson J, Besser GM, Monson JP, Burrin JM. The relationship between pituitary tumour transforming gene (PTTG) expression and in vitro hormone and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from human pituitary adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol 2003;148:203-211.
37. Links TP, van Tol KM, Jager PL, Plukker JT, Piers DA, Boezen HM, Dullaart RP, de Vries EG, Sluiter WJ. Life expectancy in differentiated thyroid cancer: a novel approach to survival analysis. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005;12:273-280.
38. Utiger RD. Follow-up of patients with thyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1997;337:928-930.
39. Heaney AP, Nelson V, Fernando M, Horwitz G. Transforming events in thyroid tumorigenesis and their association with follicular lesions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:5025-5032.
40. Shingu K, Fujimori M, Ito K, Hama Y, Kasuga Y, Kobayashi S, Itoh N, Amano J. Expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 in thyroid diseases: difference between neoplasms and hyperplastic lesions. Endocr J 1998;45:35-43.
41. Boclaert K. McCabe CJ, Tannahill LA, Gittoes NJ, Holder RL, Watkinson JC, Bradwell AR, Sheppard MC, Franklyn JA. Pituitary tumor transforming gene and fibroblast growth factor-2 expression: potential prognostic indicators in differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2341-2347.
42. Stratford AL, Boclaert K, Tannahill LA, Kim DS, Warfield A, Eggo MC, Gittoes NJ, Young LS, Franklyn JA, McCabe CJ. Pituitary tumor transforming gene binding factor: a novel transforming gene in thyroid tumorigenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:4341-4349.
43. Heaney AP, Singson R, McCabe CJ, Nelson V, Nakashima M, Melmed S. Expression of pituitary-tumour transforming gene in colorectal tumours. Lancet 2000;355:716-719.
44. Chattopadhyay N, Tfelt-Hansen J, Brown EM. PKC, p4244 MAPK and p38 MAPK regulate hepatocyte growth factor secretion from human astrocytoma cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2002;102:73-82.
45. Chamaon K, Kirches E, Kanakis D, Braeuninger S, Dietzmann K, Mawrin C. Regulation of the pituitary tumor transforming gene by insulin-like-growth factor-I and insulin differs between malignant and non-neoplastic astrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005;331:86-92.
46. Tfelt-Hansen J, Yano S, Bandyopadhyay S, Carroll R, Brown EM, Chattopadhyay N. Expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) and its binding protein in human astrocytes and astrocytoma cells: function and regulation of PTTG in U87 astrocytoma cells. Endocrinology 2004;145:4222-4231.
47. Mu YM, Oba K, Yanase T, Ito T, Ashida K, Goto K, Morinaga H, Ikuyama S, Takayanagi R, Nawata H. Human pituitary tumor transforming gene ( hPTTG) inhibits human lung cancer A549 cell growth through activation of p21(WAF1/CIP1). Endocr J 2003;50:771-781.
48. Kakar SS. Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and identification of the promoter for the human pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG). Gene 1999;240:317-324.
49. Heaney AP, Fernando M, Melmed S. PPAR-gamma receptor ligands: novel therapy for pituitary adenomas. J Clin Invest 2003;111:1381-1388.
50. Heaney AP, Fernando M, Melmed S. Functional role of estrogen in pituitary tumor pathogenesis. J Clin Invest 2002;109:277-283.
51. Tfelt-Hansen J, Brown EM. The calcium-sensing receptor in normal physiology and pathophysiology: a review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2005;42:35-70.
52. Tfelt-Hansen J, Schwarz P, Terwilliger EF, Brown EM, Chattopadhyay N. Calcium-sensing receptor induces messenger ribonucleic acid of human securin, pituitary tumor transforming gene, in rat testicular cancer. Endocrinology 2003;144:5188-5193.
53. Zhou C, Liu S, Zhou X, Xue L, Quan L, Lu N, Zhang G, Bai J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhan Q, Zhu H, Xu N. Overexpression of human pituitary tumor transforming gene (hPTTG), is regulated by beta-catenin TCF pathway in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2005;113:891-898.
54. Peifer M, Polakis P. Wnt signaling in oncogenesis and embryogenesis - a look outside the nucleus. Science 2000;287:1606-1609.
55. Bernal JA, Luna R, Espina A, Lazaro I, Ramos-Morales F, Romero F, Arias C, Silva A, Tortolero M, Pintor-Toro JA. Human securin interacts with p53 and modulates p53-mediated transcriptional activity and apoptosis. Nat Genet 2002;32:306-311.
56. Hamid T, Kakar SS. PTTG/securin activates expression of p53 and modulates its function. Mol Cancer 2004;3:18.
57. Yu R, Heaney AP, Lu W, Chen J, Melmed S. Pituitary tumor transforming gene causes aneuploidy and p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2000;275:36502-36505.
58. Zhou Y, Mehta KR, Choi AP, Scolavino S, Zhang X. DNA damage-induced inhibition of securin expression is mediated by p53. J Biol Chem 2003;278:462-470.
59. Kim D, Pemberton H, Stratford AL, Buelaert K, Watkinson JC, Lopes V, Franklyn JA, McCabe CJ. Pituitary tumour transforming gene (PTTG) induces genetic instability in thyroid cells. Oncogene 2005;24:4861-4866.
60. Shibata Y, Haruki N, Kuwabara Y, Nishiwaki T, Kato J, Shinoda N, Sato A, Kimura M, Koyama H, Toyama T, Ishiguro H, Kudo J, Terashita Y, Konishi S, Fujii Y. Expression of PTTG (pituitary tumor transforming gene) in esophageal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2002;32:233-237.
61. Tsai SJ, Lin SJ, Cheng YM, Chen HM, Wing LY. Expression and functional analysis of pituitary tumor transforming gene-1 [corrected] in uterine leiomyomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:3715-3723.
62. Honda S, Hayashi M, Kobayashi Y, Ishikawa Y, Nakagawa K, Tsuchiya E. A role for the pituitary tumor-transforming gene in the genesis and progression of non-small cell lung carcinomas. Anticancer Res 2003;23:3775-3782.
63. Dominguez A, Ramos-Morales F, Romero F, Rios RM, Dreyfus F, Tortolero M, Pintor-Toro JA. hpttg, a human homologue of rat pttg, is overexpressed in hematopoietic neoplasms. Evidence for a transcriptional activation function of hPTTG. Oncogene 1998;17:2187-2193.
64. Saez C, Pereda T, Borrero JJ, Espina A, Romero F, Tortolero M, Pintor-Toro JA, Segura DI, Japon MA. Expression of hpttg proto-oncogene in lymphoid neoplasias. Oncogene 2002;21:8173-8177.
65. Wen CY, Nakayama T, Wang AP, Nakashima M, Ding YT, Ito M, Ishibashi H, Matsuu M, Shichijo K, Sekine I. Expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene in human gastric carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2004;10:481-483.
66. Solbach C, Roller M, Fellbaum C, Nicoletti M, Kaufmann M. PTTG mRNA expression in primary breast cancer: a prognostic marker for lymph node invasion and tumor recurrence. Breast 2004;13:80-81.