Exploration and exploitation innovation processes: The role of organizational slack in R & D intensive firms

Journal of High Technology Management Research

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 97-108

  Geiger, Scott W ^a   Makri, Marianna ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

Author keywords

Innovation; Organizational slack; R D

Indexed keywords

INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT; INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT;

INNOVATION; INNOVATION QUALITY; ORGANIZATIONAL SLACK; R AND D;

SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS;

EID: 33745819265     PISSN: 10478310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.hitech.2006.05.007     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Achilladelis B., Schwarzkopf A., and Cines M. The dynamics of technological innovation: the case of the chemical industry. Research Policy 19 (1990) 1-34
2. Ahuja G., and Lampert C.M. Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: A longitudinal study of how established firms create breakthrough inventions. Strategic Management Journal 22 (2001) 521-543
3. Albert M., Avery D., Narin F., and McAllister P. Direct validation of citation counts as indicators of industrially important patents. Research Policy 20 (1991) 251-259
4. Allen T.J. Managing the flow of technology (1984), MIT Press, Cambridge
5. Balkin D.B., Markman G.D., and Gomez-Mejia L.R. Is CEO pay in high technology firms related to innovation? Some empirical evidence. Academy of Management Journal 43 (2000) 1118-1129
6. Baltagi B.H. Econometric Analysis of Panel data (1995), John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester
7. Barnes B., and Edge D. The interaction of science and technology. In: Barnes B., and Edge D. (Eds). Science in context: Readings in the sociology of science (1982), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA 147-154
8. Bierly P., and Chakrabarti A. Generic knowledge strategies in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal 17 (1996) 123-137 (Winter Special Issue)
9. Bourgeois L.J. On the measurement of organizational slack. Academy of Management Review 6 (1981) 29-39
10. Bourgeois L.J., and Singh J.V. Organizational slack and political behavior within top management groups. Academy of Management Proceedings (1983) 43-49
11. Breitzman A., Thomas P., and Cheney M. Technological powerhouse or diluted competence: Techniques for assessing mergers via patent analysis. R & D Management 32 1 (2002) 1-11
12. Bromiley P. Testing a causal model of corporate risk-taking and performance. Academy of Management Journal 34 (1991) 37-59
13. Carpenter M.P., Narin F., and Woolf P. Citation rates to technologically important patents. World Patent Information 3 4 (1981) 160-163
14. Cheng J.L.C., and Kessner I.F. Organizational slack and responses to environmental shifts: The impact of resource allocation patterns. Journal of Management 23 (1997) 1-18
15. Child J. Organization structure, environment and performance: The role of strategic choice. Sociology 6 (1972) 1-22
16. Christensen, C.M.,Chesebrough, H.W. (2001). Technology markets, technology organization, and appropriating returns from research. Working paper, Harvard Business School.
17. Cohen W., Nelson R., and Walsh J. Links and impacts: The influence of public research on industrial R & D. Management Science 28 (2002) 1-23
18. Comanor W., and Scherer F. Patent statistics as a measure of technical change. Journal of Political Economy 77 3 (1969) 392-398
19. Cyert R.M., and March J.D. A behavioral theory of the firm (1963), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
20. DeCarolis D.M., and Deeds D. The impact of stocks and flows of organizational knowledge on firm performance: An empirical investigation of the biotechnology industry. Strategic Management Journal 20 (1999) 953-968
21. Damanpour F. The adoption of technological, administrative, and ancillary innovations: Impact of organizational factors. Journal of Management 13 (1987) 675-688
22. Deng Z., Lev B., and Narin F. Science and technology as predictors of stock performance. Financial Analysts Journal 20 (2001) 953-968
23. Denis D.J., Denis D.K., and Sarin A. Agency theory and the influence of equity ownership structure on corporate diversification strategies. Strategic Management Journal 20 (1999) 1071-1076
24. Dosi G. Sources, procedures, and microeconomic effects of innovation. Journal of Economic Literature 26 3 (1988) 1120-1171
25. Fleming L., and Sorenson O. Science as map in technological search. Strategic Management Journal 25 (2004) 909-928
26. Garud R., and Ahlstrom D. Technology assessment: A socio-cognitive perspective. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 14 1 (1997) 25-48
27. Geiger S.W., and Cashen L. A multidimensional examination of slack and its impact on innovation. Journal of Managerial Issues 14 (2002) 68-84
28. George G. Slack resources and the performance of privately held firms. Academy of Management Journal 48 (2005) 661-676
29. Greene W.H. Econometric Analysis (1993), MacMillan Publishing Company, New York
30. Greenley G.E., and Oktemgil M. A comparison of slack resources in high and low performing British companies. Journal of Management Studies 35 (1998) 377-398
31. Griliches Z. Patent statistics as economic indicators: A survey. Journal of Economic Literature 28 (1990) 1661-1707
32. Griliches Z. R & D and productivity: Econometric results and measurement issues (1995), Blackwell, Oxford
33. Hall, B, Jaffe, A., & Trajtenberg, M. (2001). NBER Patent citations data file: Lessons, insights and methodological tools (NBER working paper, No. 8498). National Bureau of Economic Research.
34. Hall B., Jaffe A., and Trajtenberg M. Market value and patent citations. The Rand Journal of Economics 36 1 (2005) 16-38
35. Henderson R.M., and Clark K.B. Architectural innovation: The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms. Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (1990) 9-30
36. Hitt M.A., Hoskisson R.E., Johnson R.A., and Moesel D.D. The market for corporate control and firm innovation. Academy of Managment Journal 39 (1996) 1084-1119
37. Hitt M.A., Hoskisson R.E., and Kim H. International diversification: Effects on innovation and firm performance in product-diversified firms. Academy of Management Journal 40 (1997) 767-798
38. Hsiao C. Analysis of panel data (1986), Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge
39. Jensen M.C. Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers. American Economic Review 76 (1986) 323-329
40. Jensen M.C., and Meckling W.H. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency cost, and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics 3 (1976) 305-360
41. Lane, P. J., & Makri, M. (2004). Responding to diminishing technological opportunities: A socio-cognitive model of science and innovation. Working paper.
42. Lanjouw J., and Schankerman M. Patent quality and research productivity: Measuring innovation with multiple indicators. The Economic Journal 114 (2004) 441-465
43. Leary W.E. Secrets of 200 years of inventions in the most innovative country (2002, November 6), New York Times
44. Leibenstein H. Organizational or frictional equilibria, x-efficiency, and the rate of innovation. Quarterly Journal of Economics 83 (1969) 600-623
45. Leonard-Barton D. Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, Summer Special Issue 13 (1992) 111-125
46. Malerba F., and Orsenigo L. Technological entry, exit and survival: An empirical analysis of patent data. Research Policy 28 6 (1999) 643-660
47. March J.G. Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science 2 (1991) 71-87
48. Milkovich G.T., Gerhart B., and Hannon J. The effects of research and development intensity on managerial compensation in large organizations. Journal of High Technology Management Research 2 (1991) 133-145
49. Mowery D.C., Oxley J.E., and Silverman B.S. Technological overlap and interfirm cooperation: Implications for the resource view of the firm. Research Policy 27 4 (1998) 507-523
50. Mulkay M.J. Sociology of the scientific research community. In: Spiegel-Rosing I., and de Solla Price D. (Eds). Science, technology, and society: A cross disciplinary perspective (1977), Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA 93-148
51. Nightingale P. A cognitive model of innovation. Research Policy 27 (1998) 689-702
52. Nohria N., and Gulati R. Is slack good or bad for innovation?. Academy of Management Journal 39 (1996) 1245-1264
53. Pakes A., and Griliches Z. Patents and R & D at the firm level: A first look. NBER Conference Report (1984), University of Chicago Press, Chicago 55-72
54. Palmer T.B., and Wiseman R.M. Decoupling risk taking from income stream uncertainty: A holistic model of risk. Strategic Management Journal 20 (1999) 1037-1062
55. Podolny J.M., and Stuart T.E. A role-based ecology of technological change. American Journal of Sociology 100 (1995) 1224-1260
56. Ramanujam V., and Varadarajan P. Research on corporate diversification: A synthesis. Strategic Management Journal 10 (1989) 532-551
57. Rip A. Science and technology as dancing partners. In: Kroes P., and Bakker M. (Eds). Technological development and science in the industrial age (1992), Kluwer, Netherlands 231-270
58. Rosenkopf L., and Nerkar A. Beyond local search: Boundary-spanning, exploration, and impact in the optical disk industry. Strategic Management Journal 22 (2001) 287
59. Sahal D. Technological guideposts and innovation avenues. Research Policy 14 (1985) 61-82
60. Sharfman M., Wolf G., Chase R., and Tansik D. Antecedents of organizational slack. Academy of Management Review 13 (1988) 601-614
61. Simon H.A. Administrative behavior (1957), Free Press, New York, NY
62. Singh J.V. Performance, slack and risk-taking in organizational decision making. Academy of Management Journal 29 (1986) 562-585
63. Sorensen B.J., and Stuart T.E. Aging, obsolescence, and organizational innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 45 (2000) 81-112
64. Stuart T. Interorganizational alliances and the performance of firms: A study of growth and innovation rates in a high-technology industry. Strategic Management Journal 21 (2000) 791-811
65. Stuart T.E., and Podolny J. Local search and the evolution of technological capabilities. Strategic Management Journal 17 (1996) 21-38 (Summer special issue)
66. Thompson. Bureaucracy and innovation (1969), University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, AL
67. Wiseman R.M., and Gomez-Mejia L.R. A behavioral agency model of managerial risk taking. Academy of Management Review 23 (1998) 133-153
68. Williamson O.E. The economics of discretionary behavior: Managerial objectives in a theory of the firm (1964), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
69. Zajac E.J., Golden B.R., and Shortell S.M. New organizational forms for enhancing innovation: The case of internal corporate joint ventures. Management Science 37 (1991) 170-184