메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 463-483

Congressional opposition, the economy, and U.S. dispute initiation, 1946-2000

Author keywords

Diversionary use of force; Divided government; Institutional constraints; Policy availability; Presidents

Indexed keywords


EID: 33745786802     PISSN: 00220027     EISSN: 15528766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022002706289180     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 84973961240 scopus 로고
    • Partisan cycles in congressional elections and the macroeconomy
    • Alesina, Alberto, and Howard Rosenthal. 1989. Partisan cycles in congressional elections and the macroeconomy. American Political Science Review 83: 373-398.
    • (1989) American Political Science Review , vol.83 , pp. 373-398
    • Alberto, A.1    Rosenthal, H.2
  • 2
    • 0033416488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inward bound: Domestic institutions and military conflicts
    • Auerswald, David 1999. Inward bound: Domestic institutions and military conflicts. International Organization 53: 469-504.
    • (1999) International Organization , vol.53 , pp. 469-504
    • David, A.1
  • 3
    • 0032220433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taking time seriously: Time-series-cross-section analysis with a binary dependent variable
    • Beck, Nathaniel, Jonathan Katz, and Richard Tucker. 1998. Taking time seriously: Time-series-cross-section analysis with a binary dependent variable. American Journal of Political Science 42: 1260-1288.
    • (1998) American Journal of Political Science , vol.42 , pp. 1260-1288
    • Nathaniel, B.1    Katz, J.2    Tucker, R.3
  • 7
    • 0000531787 scopus 로고
    • Measuring legislative potential for policy change
    • Brady, David, Joe Cooper, and Patricia Hurley. 1977. Measuring legislative potential for policy change. Legislative Studies Quarterly 2: 385-397.
    • (1977) Legislative Studies Quarterly , vol.2 , pp. 385-397
    • David, B.1    Cooper, J.2    Hurley, P.3
  • 9
    • 0003260105 scopus 로고
    • A reconsideration of the rally phenomenon in public opinion
    • edited by Samuel Long, Boulder, CO: Westview
    • Brody, Richard, and Catherine Shapiro. 1989. A reconsideration of the rally phenomenon in public opinion. In Political behavioral annual, edited by Samuel Long, 77-102. Boulder, CO: Westview.
    • (1989) Political Behavioral Annual , pp. 77-102
    • Richard, B.1    Shapiro, C.2
  • 14
    • 84974346370 scopus 로고
    • War and the survival of political leaders: A comparative analysis of regime type and accountability
    • Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, and Randolph Siverson. 1995. War and the survival of political leaders: A comparative analysis of regime type and accountability. American Political Science Review 89: 841-855.
    • (1995) American Political Science Review , vol.89 , pp. 841-855
    • Bueno De Mesquita, B.1    Siverson, R.2
  • 15
    • 0004117035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carey, John, and Matthew S. Shugart, eds. New York: Cambridge University Press
    • Carey, John, and Matthew S. Shugart, eds. 1998. Executive decree authority. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1998) Executive Decree Authority
  • 16
    • 0000529755 scopus 로고
    • The "mood theory": A study of public opinion and foreign policy
    • Caspary, William. 1970. The "mood theory": A study of public opinion and foreign policy. American Political Science Review 64: 536-554.
    • (1970) American Political Science Review , vol.64 , pp. 536-554
    • Caspary, W.1
  • 17
    • 0034402051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agreeing to disagree: Domestic institutional congruence and U.S. dispute behavior
    • Clark, David H. 2000. Agreeing to disagree: Domestic institutional congruence and U.S. dispute behavior. Political Research Quarterly 53: 375 - l400.
    • (2000) Political Research Quarterly , vol.53
    • Clark, D.H.1
  • 18
    • 11044234720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Party and preference in congressional decision making: Roll call voting in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1889-1997
    • edited by Matthew McCubbins and David Brady, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
    • Cooper, Joseph, and Garry Young. 2002. Party and preference in congressional decision making: Roll call voting in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1889-1997. In Party, process, and political change in Congress: New directions in studying the history of the U.S. Congress, edited by Matthew McCubbins and David Brady, 64-106. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
    • (2002) Party, Process, and Political Change in Congress: New Directions in Studying the History of the U.S. Congress , pp. 64-106
    • Joseph, C.1    Young, G.2
  • 20
    • 0033249032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic strife and the initiation of violence at home and abroad
    • Dassel, Kurt, and Eric Reinhardt. 1999. Domestic strife and the initiation of violence at home and abroad. American Journal of Political Science 43: 56-85.
    • (1999) American Journal of Political Science , vol.43 , pp. 56-85
    • Kurt, D.1    Reinhardt, E.2
  • 21
    • 0036393459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic strife and the initiation of international conflicts: A directed dyad analysis, 1950-1982
    • Davies, Graeme A. M. 2002. Domestic strife and the initiation of international conflicts: A directed dyad analysis, 1950-1982. Journal of Conflict Resolution 46: 672-692.
    • (2002) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.46 , pp. 672-692
    • Davies, G.A.M.1
  • 22
    • 84970465304 scopus 로고
    • The indirect link: Politics, the economy, and the use of force
    • DeRouen, Karl 1995. The indirect link: Politics, the economy, and the use of force. Journal of Conflict Resolution 39: 671-695.
    • (1995) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.39 , pp. 671-695
    • Karl, D.1
  • 23
    • 0040807630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defense contracting and domestic politics
    • DeRouen, Karl, and Uk Heo 2000. Defense contracting and domestic politics. Political Research Quarterly 53: 753-769.
    • (2000) Political Research Quarterly , vol.53 , pp. 753-769
    • Karl, D.1    Heo, U.2
  • 24
    • 84974505405 scopus 로고
    • Democracy and the peaceful settlement of international conflict
    • Dixon, William. 1994. Democracy and the peaceful settlement of international conflict. American Political Science Review 88: 14-33.
    • (1994) American Political Science Review , vol.88 , pp. 14-33
    • Dixon, W.1
  • 27
    • 0042625792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential agenda setting in Congress
    • edited by Jon R. Bond and Richard Fleisher, Washington, D.C.: CQ Press
    • Edwards, George C., and Andrew Barrett 2000. Presidential agenda setting in Congress. In Polarized politics: Congress and the president in a partisan era, edited by Jon R. Bond and Richard Fleisher, 109-133. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.
    • (2000) Polarized Politics: Congress and the President in A Partisan Era , pp. 109-133
    • Edwards, G.C.1    Barrett, A.2
  • 28
    • 84973964077 scopus 로고
    • Economic conditions and the presidential vote
    • Erikson, Robert 1989. Economic conditions and the presidential vote. American Political Science Review 83: 567-573.
    • (1989) American Political Science Review , vol.83 , pp. 567-573
    • Robert, E.1
  • 29
    • 84974201121 scopus 로고
    • Domestic political audiences and the escalation of international disputes
    • Fearon, James 1994. Domestic political audiences and the escalation of international disputes. American Political Science Review 88: 577-599.
    • (1994) American Political Science Review , vol.88 , pp. 577-599
    • James, F.1
  • 31
    • 0003237934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partisanship and the president's quest for votes on the floor of Congress
    • edited by Jon R. Bond and Richard Fleisher, Washington, D.C.: CQ Press
    • Fleisher, Richard, and Jon R. Bond. 2000. Partisanship and the president's quest for votes on the floor of Congress. In Polarized politics: Congress and the president in a partisan era, edited by Jon R. Bond and Richard Fleisher, 154-185. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.
    • (2000) Polarized Politics: Congress and the President in A Partisan Era , pp. 154-185
    • Richard, F.1    Bond, J.R.2
  • 32
    • 0031793755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The politics of threat perception and the use of force: A political economy model of U.S. uses of force, 1949-1994
    • Fordham, Benjamin. 1998a. The politics of threat perception and the use of force: A political economy model of U.S. uses of force, 1949-1994. International Studies Quarterly 42: 567-590.
    • (1998) International Studies Quarterly , vol.42 , pp. 567-590
    • Fordham, B.1
  • 33
    • 0032129277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partisanship, macroeconomic policy, and U.S. uses of force, 1949-1994
    • Fordham, Benjamin. 1998b. Partisanship, macroeconomic policy, and U.S. uses of force, 1949-1994. Journal of Conflict Resolution 42: 418-439.
    • (1998) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.42 , pp. 418-439
    • Fordham, B.1
  • 34
    • 27744588709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic conflict avoidance and the diversionary use of force
    • Fordham, Benjamin. 2005. Strategic conflict avoidance and the diversionary use of force. Journal of Politics 67: 132-153.
    • (2005) Journal of Politics , vol.67 , pp. 132-153
    • Fordham, B.1
  • 35
    • 0034855122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The militarized interstate disputes data set and the United States use of force
    • Fordham, Benjamin, and Christopher Sarver. 2001. The militarized interstate disputes data set and the United States use of force. International Studies Quarterly 45: 455-466.
    • (2001) International Studies Quarterly , vol.45 , pp. 455-466
    • Benjamin, F.1    Sarver, C.2
  • 36
    • 21744447152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democratic diversions: Governmental structure and the externalization of domestic conflict
    • Gelpi, Christopher. 1997. Democratic diversions: Governmental structure and the externalization of domestic conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution 41: 255-282.
    • (1997) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.41 , pp. 255-282
    • Gelpi, C.1
  • 37
    • 0032344370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politics at the water's edge: Parties, voters, and the use of force abroad
    • Gowa, Joanne 1998. Politics at the water's edge: Parties, voters, and the use of force abroad. International Organization 52: 307-324.
    • (1998) International Organization , vol.52 , pp. 307-324
    • Joanne, G.1
  • 38
    • 0004296209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    • Greene, William 2003. Econometric analysis. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    • (2003) Econometric Analysis
    • William, G.1
  • 39
    • 0033425360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic politics, absolute deprivation, and the use of armed force in interstate territorial disputes, 1950-1990
    • Heldt, Birger. 1999. Domestic politics, absolute deprivation, and the use of armed force in interstate territorial disputes, 1950-1990. Journal of Conflict Resolution 43: 451-478.
    • (1999) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.43 , pp. 451-478
    • Heldt, B.1
  • 40
    • 0000188736 scopus 로고
    • War politics: An economic, rational voter framework
    • Hess, Gregory D., and Athanasios Orphanides. 1995. War politics: An economic, rational voter framework. American Economic Review 85: 828-846.
    • (1995) American Economic Review , vol.85 , pp. 828-846
    • Hess, G.D.1    Orphanides, A.2
  • 41
    • 84972959926 scopus 로고
    • Political parties and macroeconomic policy
    • Hibbs, Douglas. 1977. Political parties and macroeconomic policy. American Political Science Review 71: 1467-1487.
    • (1977) American Political Science Review , vol.71 , pp. 1467-1487
    • Hibbs, D.1
  • 43
    • 84934562165 scopus 로고
    • Public opinion and foreign policy: Challenges to the Almond-Lippmann consensus
    • Holsti, Ole 1992. Public opinion and foreign policy: Challenges to the Almond-Lippmann consensus. International Studies Quarterly 63: 439-466.
    • (1992) International Studies Quarterly , vol.63 , pp. 439-466
    • Ole, H.1
  • 45
    • 14144255989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidents, Congress, and the use of force
    • Howell, William, and Jon Pevehouse. 2005a. Presidents, Congress, and the use of force. International Organization 59: 209-232.
    • (2005) International Organization , vol.59 , pp. 209-232
    • William, H.1    Pevehouse, J.2
  • 46
  • 47
    • 84928460358 scopus 로고
    • The means and ends of foreign policy as determinants of presidential support
    • Hurwitz, Jon, and Mark Peffley. 1987. The means and ends of foreign policy as determinants of presidential support. American Journal of Political Science 31: 236-258.
    • (1987) American Journal of Political Science , vol.31 , pp. 236-258
    • Jon, H.1    Peffley, M.2
  • 48
    • 0035471071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time to fight: Government type and conflict initiation in parliamentary systems
    • Ireland, Michael, and Scott Sigmund Gartner. 2001. Time to fight: Government type and conflict initiation in parliamentary systems. Journal of Conflict Resolution 45: 547-568.
    • (2001) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.45 , pp. 547-568
    • Michael, I.1    Gartner, S.S.2
  • 49
    • 84970177346 scopus 로고
    • The influence of domestic and international politics on the president's use of force
    • James, Patrick, and John Oneal 1991. The influence of domestic and international politics on the president's use of force. Journal of Conflict Resolution 35: 307-332.
    • (1991) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.35 , pp. 307-332
    • Patrick, J.1    Oneal, J.2
  • 50
    • 84934563372 scopus 로고
    • The pretty prudent public: Post post-Vietnam American opinion on the use of force
    • Jentleson, Bruce 1992. The pretty prudent public: Post post-Vietnam American opinion on the use of force. International Studies Quarterly 36: 49-74.
    • (1992) International Studies Quarterly , vol.36 , pp. 49-74
    • Bruce, J.1
  • 51
    • 0032129278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Still pretty prudent: Post-cold war American public opinion on the use of military force
    • Jentleson, Bruce, and Rebecca Britton. 1998. Still pretty prudent: Post-cold war American public opinion on the use of military force. Journal of Conflict Resolution 42: 395-417.
    • (1998) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.42 , pp. 395-417
    • Bruce, J.1    Britton, R.2
  • 52
    • 0030327035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Militarized interstate disputes, 1816-1992: Rationale, coding rules, and empirical patterns
    • Jones, Daniel, Stuart Bremer, and J. David Singer. 1996. Militarized interstate disputes, 1816-1992: Rationale, coding rules, and empirical patterns. Conflict Management and Peace Science 15: 163-213.
    • (1996) Conflict Management and Peace Science , vol.15 , pp. 163-213
    • Daniel, J.1    Bremer, S.2    David Singer, J.3
  • 53
    • 84933492497 scopus 로고
    • Powerful pacifists: Democratic states and war
    • Lake, David A. 1992. Powerful pacifists: Democratic states and war. American Political Science Review 86: 24-37.
    • (1992) American Political Science Review , vol.86 , pp. 24-37
    • Lake, D.A.1
  • 55
    • 0031286361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic political vulnerability and international disputes
    • Leeds, Brett Ashley, and David Davis. 1997. Domestic political vulnerability and international disputes. Journal of Conflict Resolution 41: 814-834.
    • (1997) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.41 , pp. 814-834
    • Leeds, B.A.1    Davis, D.2
  • 56
    • 0003097234 scopus 로고
    • The diversionary theory of war
    • Boston: Unwin Hyman.
    • Levy, Jack 1989. The diversionary theory of war. In Handbook of war studies, edited by Manus Midlarsky, 259-288. Boston: Unwin Hyman.
    • (1989) Handbook of War Studies , pp. 259-288
    • Jack, L.1    Midlarsky, M.2
  • 57
    • 21144476746 scopus 로고
    • Presidents, the use of military force, and public opinion
    • Lian, Bradley, and John Oneal. 1993. Presidents, the use of military force, and public opinion. Journal of Conflict Resolution 37: 277-300.
    • (1993) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.37 , pp. 277-300
    • Bradley, L.1    Oneal, J.2
  • 58
    • 84971922229 scopus 로고
    • Divided government and U.S. trade policy: Theory and evidence
    • Lohmann, Susanne, and Sharyn O'Halloran. 1994. Divided government and U.S. trade policy: Theory and evidence. International Organization 48: 595-632.
    • (1994) International Organization , vol.48 , pp. 595-632
    • Susanne, L.1    O'Halloran, S.2
  • 59
    • 84890640677 scopus 로고
    • Political drama, economic conditions, and the dynamics of presidential popularity
    • MacKuen, Michael. 1983. Political drama, economic conditions, and the dynamics of presidential popularity. American Journal of Political Science 27: 165-192.
    • (1983) American Journal of Political Science , vol.27 , pp. 165-192
    • MacKuen, M.1
  • 60
    • 84971791545 scopus 로고
    • Peasants or bankers? the American electorate and the U.S. economy
    • MacKuen, Michael, Robert Erikson, and James Stimson. 1992. Peasants or bankers? The American electorate and the U.S. economy. American Political Science Review 86: 597-611.
    • (1992) American Political Science Review , vol.86 , pp. 597-611
    • Michael, M.1    Erikson, R.2    Stimson, J.3
  • 61
    • 33746328420 scopus 로고
    • Normative and structural causes of the democratic peace, 1946-1986
    • Maoz, Zeev, and Bruce Russett. 1993. Normative and structural causes of the democratic peace, 1946-1986. American Political Science Review 87: 624-638.
    • (1993) American Political Science Review , vol.87 , pp. 624-638
    • Zeev, M.1    Russett, B.2
  • 63
    • 0036012186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To advise and consent: The Senate and lower federal court nominations, 1977-1998
    • Martinek, Wendy L., Mark Kemper, and Steven R. Van Winkle 2002. To advise and consent: The Senate and lower federal court nominations, 1977-1998. Journal of Politics 64: 337-361.
    • (2002) Journal of Politics , vol.64 , pp. 337-361
    • Martinek, W.L.1    Kemper, M.2    Van Winkle, S.R.3
  • 66
    • 84937316900 scopus 로고
    • Presidential decision making and the political use of military force
    • Meernik, James 1994. Presidential decision making and the political use of military force. International Studies Quarterly 38: 121-138.
    • (1994) International Studies Quarterly , vol.38 , pp. 121-138
    • James, M.1
  • 67
    • 0030496768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The myth of the diversionary use of force by American presidents
    • Meernik, James, and Peter Waterman. 1996. The myth of the diversionary use of force by American presidents. Political Research Quarterly 49: 573-590.
    • (1996) Political Research Quarterly , vol.49 , pp. 573-590
    • James, M.1    Waterman, P.2
  • 68
    • 84890662686 scopus 로고
    • Domestic structures and the diversionary use of force
    • Miller, Ross 1995. Domestic structures and the diversionary use of force. American Journal of Political Science 39: 760-785.
    • (1995) American Journal of Political Science , vol.39 , pp. 760-785
    • Ross, M.1
  • 69
    • 0000493343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regime type, strategic interaction, and the diversionary use of force
    • Miller, Ross 1999. Regime type, strategic interaction, and the diversionary use of force. Journal of Conflict Resolution 46: 388-402.
    • (1999) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.46 , pp. 388-402
    • Ross, M.1
  • 70
    • 84927457853 scopus 로고
    • Military Keynesianism in the United States, 1949-1976: Disaggregating military expenditures and their determination
    • Mintz, Alex, and Alexander Hicks. 1984. Military Keynesianism in the United States, 1949-1976: Disaggregating military expenditures and their determination. American Journal of Sociology 90: 411-417.
    • (1984) American Journal of Sociology , vol.90 , pp. 411-417
    • Alex, M.1    Hicks, A.2
  • 71
    • 84965432125 scopus 로고
    • Domestic discontent and the external use of force
    • Morgan, T. Clifton, and Kenneth Bickers. 1992. Domestic discontent and the external use of force. Journal of Conflict Resolution 36: 25-52.
    • (1992) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.36 , pp. 25-52
    • Morgan, T.C.1    Bickers, K.2
  • 72
    • 84970177345 scopus 로고
    • Domestic structure, decisional constraints and war: So, why Kant democracies fight?
    • Morgan, T. Clifton, and Sally H. Campbell. 1991. Domestic structure, decisional constraints and war: So, why Kant democracies fight? Journal of Conflict Resolution 35: 187-211.
    • (1991) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.35 , pp. 187-211
    • Morgan, T.C.1    Campbell, S.H.2
  • 73
    • 84948883145 scopus 로고
    • Take two democracies and call me in the morning: A prescription for peace?
    • Morgan, T. Clifton, and Valerie Schwebach. 1992. Take two democracies and call me in the morning: A prescription for peace? International Interactions 17: 305-320.
    • (1992) International Interactions , vol.17 , pp. 305-320
    • Morgan, T.C.1    Schwebach, V.2
  • 74
    • 84927455027 scopus 로고
    • International relations theory, foreign policy substitutability, and 'nice' laws
    • Most, Benjamin, and Harvey Starr. 1984. International relations theory, foreign policy substitutability, and 'nice' laws. World Politics 36: 383-406.
    • (1984) World Politics , vol.36 , pp. 383-406
    • Benjamin, M.1    Starr, H.2
  • 77
    • 1842437462 scopus 로고
    • Delegative democracy
    • O'Donnell, Guillermo. 1994. Delegative democracy. Journal of Democracy 5: 55-69.
    • (1994) Journal of Democracy , vol.5 , pp. 55-69
    • O'Donnell, G.1
  • 78
    • 0000792953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the American people 'pretty prudent'? Public responses to U.S. uses of force, 1950-1988
    • Oneal, John, B. Lian, and J. Joyner. 1996. Are the American people 'pretty prudent'? Public responses to U.S. uses of force, 1950-1988. International Studies Quarterly 40: 261-280.
    • (1996) International Studies Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 261-280
    • John, O.1    Lian, B.2    Joyner, J.3
  • 79
    • 84973933591 scopus 로고
    • The president and the political use of force
    • Ostrom, Charles, and Brian Job 1986. The president and the political use of force. American Political Science Review 80: 541-566.
    • (1986) American Political Science Review , vol.80 , pp. 541-566
    • Charles, O.1    Job, B.2
  • 81
    • 15044357919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democracy and diversionary military intervention: Reassessing regime type and diversionary hypothesis
    • Pickering, Jeffrey, and Emizet Kisangani. 2005. Democracy and diversionary military intervention: Reassessing regime type and diversionary hypothesis. International Studies Quarterly 46: 23-43.
    • (2005) International Studies Quarterly , vol.46 , pp. 23-43
    • Jeffrey, P.1    Kisangani, E.2
  • 82
    • 0033416880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institutional constraints, political opposition, and international dispute escalation: Evidence from parliamentary systems: 1946-1989
    • Prins, Brandon C., and Christopher Sprecher. 1999. Institutional constraints, political opposition, and international dispute escalation: Evidence from parliamentary systems: 1946-1989. Journal of Peace Research 36: 271-287.
    • (1999) Journal of Peace Research , vol.36 , pp. 271-287
    • Prins, B.C.1    Sprecher, C.2
  • 83
    • 0036678614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public, legislative, and executive constraints on the democratic initiation of conflict
    • Reiter, Dan, and Erik Tillman. 2002. Public, legislative, and executive constraints on the democratic initiation of conflict. Journal of Politics 54: 810-826.
    • (2002) Journal of Politics , vol.54 , pp. 810-826
    • Dan, R.1    Tillman, E.2
  • 84
    • 21144470717 scopus 로고
    • Good times, bad times and the diversionary use of force: A tale of some not so free agents
    • Richards, Diana, T. Clifton Morgan, Rick Wilson, Valerie Schwebach, and Garry Young. 1993. Good times, bad times and the diversionary use of force: A tale of some not so free agents. Journal of Conflict Resolution 37: 504-535.
    • (1993) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.37 , pp. 504-535
    • Diana, R.1    Clifton Morgan, T.2    Wilson, R.3    Schwebach, V.4    Young, G.5
  • 85
    • 0142168530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who's responsible for the economy? the formation and consequences of responsibility attributions
    • Rudolph, Thomas 2003. Who's responsible for the economy? The formation and consequences of responsibility attributions. American Journal of Political Science 47: 698-713.
    • (2003) American Journal of Political Science , vol.47 , pp. 698-713
    • Thomas, R.1
  • 86
    • 0002515220 scopus 로고
    • Economic decline, electoral pressure, and the initiation of international conflict
    • Lexington, KY: Lexington Books.
    • Russett, Bruce. 1990a. Economic decline, electoral pressure, and the initiation of international conflict. In Prisoners of war? Nation-states in the modern era, edited by C. Gochman and A. Sabrosky, 123-140. Lexington, KY: Lexington Books.
    • (1990) Prisoners of War? Nation-states in the Modern Era , pp. 123-140
    • Russett, B.1    Gochman, C.2    Sabrosky, A.3
  • 89
    • 4644254607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidentialism and accountability for the economy in comparative perspective
    • Samuels, David. 2004. Presidentialism and accountability for the economy in comparative perspective. American Political Science Review 98: 425-436.
    • (2004) American Political Science Review , vol.98 , pp. 425-436
    • Samuels, D.1
  • 90
    • 0032219093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic opposition and signaling in international crises
    • Schultz, Kenneth. 1998. Domestic opposition and signaling in international crises. American Political Science Review 92: 829-844.
    • (1998) American Political Science Review , vol.92 , pp. 829-844
    • Schultz, K.1
  • 92
    • 0033243630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic interaction and the statistical analysis of international conflict
    • Signorino, Curtis 1999. Strategic interaction and the statistical analysis of international conflict. American Political Science Review 93: 279-298.
    • (1999) American Political Science Review , vol.93 , pp. 279-298
    • Curtis, S.1
  • 94
    • 0029729130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversionary foreign policy in democratic systems
    • Smith, Alastair 1996. Diversionary foreign policy in democratic systems. International Studies Quarterly 40: 133-153.
    • (1996) International Studies Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 133-153
    • Alastair, S.1
  • 95
    • 0033247030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing theories of strategic choice: The example of crisis escalation
    • Smith, Alastair. 1999. Testing theories of strategic choice: The example of crisis escalation. American Journal of Political Science 43: 1254-1283.
    • (1999) American Journal of Political Science , vol.43 , pp. 1254-1283
    • Smith, A.1
  • 98
    • 0034179207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delegation and accountability in parliamentary democracies
    • Strøm, Kaare 2000. Delegation and accountability in parliamentary democracies. European Journal of Political Research 37: 261-289.
    • (2000) European Journal of Political Research , vol.37 , pp. 261-289
    • Kaare, S.1
  • 99
    • 84976104285 scopus 로고
    • Decision making in political systems: Veto players in presidentialism, parliamentarism, multicameralism and multipartyism
    • Tsebelis, George. 1995. Decision making in political systems: Veto players in presidentialism, parliamentarism, multicameralism and multipartyism. British Journal of Political Science 25: 289-325.
    • (1995) British Journal of Political Science , vol.25 , pp. 289-325
    • Tsebelis, G.1
  • 100
    • 0033239350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Veto players and law production in parliamentary democracies
    • Tsebelis, George 1999. Veto players and law production in parliamentary democracies. American Political Science Review 93: 591-608.
    • (1999) American Political Science Review , vol.93 , pp. 591-608
    • George, T.1
  • 101
    • 0030088562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presidential responses to foreign policy crises
    • Wang, Kevin. 1996. Presidential responses to foreign policy crises. Journal of Conflict Resolution 40: 68-97.
    • (1996) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.40 , pp. 68-97
    • Wang, K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.