The politics of threat perception and the use of force: a political economy model of US uses of force, 1949-1994

International Studies Quarterly

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 567-590

  Fordham, Benjamin ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS; GEOPOLITICS; INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS; MILITARY INTERVENTION; POLITICAL ECONOMY;

USA;

EID: 0031793755     PISSN: 00208833     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0020-8833.00096     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. ALESINA, A., AND H. ROSENTHAL (1989) Partisan Cycles in Congressional Elections and the Macroeconomy. American Political Science Review 83:373-398.
2. BECK, N., J. N. KATZ, AND R. TUCKER (1997) Beyond Ordinary Logit: Taking Time Seriously in Binary Time-Series-Cross-Section Models. Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C., August 27-31.
3. BERMAN, L. (1982) Planning a Tragedy: The Americanization of the Warm Vietnam. New York: W. W. Norton.
4. BERMAN, L. (1993) Coming to Grips with Lyndon Johnson's War. Diplomatic History 17(4):519-537.
5. BILLINGSLEY, R. S., R. E. LAMY, AND G. R. THOMPSON (1987) The Reaction of Defense Industry Stocks to World Events. Akron Business and Economic Review 18(2):40-47.
6. BLECHMAN, B. M., AND S. S. KAPLAN (1978) Force Without War: U.S. Armed Forces as a Political Instrument. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
7. CHAPPELL, H., AND W. KEECH (1985) A New View of Political Accountability for Economic Performance. American Political Science Review 79:567-573.
8. COX, R. (1994) Power and Profits. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
9. CUMINGS, B. (1990) Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II: The Roaring of the Cataract. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
10. DAVIS, L., AND R. HUTTENBACK (1986) Mammon and the Pursuit of Empire: The Political Economy of the British Empire, 1860-1912. New York: Cambridge University Press.
11. DEROUEN, K. R., JR. (1995) The Indirect Link: Politics, the Economy and the Use of Force. Journal of Conflict Resolution 39(4):671-695.
12. DESTLER, I. M., L. GELB, AND A. LAKE (1984) Our Own Worst Enemy. New York: Simon & Schuster.
13. DOWNS, G. W., AND D. M. ROCKE (1994) Conflict, Agency, and Gambling for Resurrection: The Principal-Agent Problem Goes to War. American Journal of Political Science 38:362-380.
14. ERIKSON, R. (1989) Economic Conditions and the Presidential Vote. American Political Science Review 83:567-573.
15. FAIR, R. C. (1978) The Effect of Economic Events on Votes for President. Review of Economic Studies 60:159-173.
16. FRIEDEN, J. A. (1989) The Economics of Intervention: American Overseas Investments and Relations with Underdeveloped Areas, 1890-1950. Comparative Studies in Society and History 31(1):55-80.
17. FRIEDEN, J. A. (1994) International Investment and Colonial Control: A New Interpretation. International Organization 48(4):559-594.
18. GIBBS, D. N. (1991) The Political Economy of Third World Intervention. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
19. HAIG, A. (1984) Caveat. New York: Macmillan.
20. HIBBS, D. (1977) Political Parties and Macroeconomic Policy. American Political Science Review 71:1467-1487.
21. HIBBS, D. (1987) The American Political Economy: Macroeconomics and Electoral Politics. Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press.
22. HOBSON, J. A. ([1902] 1965) Imperialism: A Study. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
23. HOLSTI, O. (1972) Crisis, Escalation, War. Montreal and London: McGill-Queen's University Press.
24. HOLSTI, O., AND J. ROSENAU (1984) American leadership in World Affairs. London: Unwin Hyman.
25. JAMES, P., AND A. HRISTOULAS (1993) Domestic Politics and Foreign Polio-: Evaluating a Model of Crisis Activity for the United States. Journal of Politics 56(2):327-348.
26. JAMES, P., AND J. R. ONEAL (1991) The Influence of Domestic and International Politics on the President's Use of Force. Journal of Conflict Resolutton 35(2):307-332.
27. JERVIS, R. (1976) Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
28. JERVIS, R. (1985) "Perceiving and Coping with Threat." In Psychology and Deterrence, edited by R. Jervis, R. N. Lebow, and J. Stein. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
29. KAHIN, G. MCT. (1986) Intervention: How America Became Involved in Vietnam. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
30. KAUN, D. E. (1990) War and Wall Street: The Impact of Military Conflict on Investor Attitudes. Cambridge Journal of Economics 14:439-452.
31. KING, G. (1988) Statistical Models for Political Science Event Counts: Bias in Conventional Procedures and Evidence for the Exponential Poisson Regression Model. American Journal of Political Science 32(3):838-863.
32. KING, G. (1989) Event Count Models for International Relations: Generalizations and Applications. International Studies Quarterly 33:123-147.
33. KOFSKY, F. (1993) Harry S. Truman and the War Scare of 1948. New York: St. Martin's Press.
34. LIAN, B., AND J. R. ONEAL (1993) Presidents, the Use of Military Force, and Public Opinion. Journal of Conflict Resolution 37(2):277-300.
35. MACKUEN, M., R. ERIKSON, AND J. STIMSON (1992) Peasants or Bankers? The American Electorate and the U.S. Economy. American Political Science Review 86:597-611.
36. MAGGIOTTO, M., AND E. WITTKOPF (1981) American Public Attitudes Toward Foreign Policy. International Studies Quarterly 25(4):601-631.
37. MCKEOWN, T. J. (1991) The Foreign Policy of a Declining Power. International Organization 45(2):257-279.
38. MEERNIK, J. (1994) Presidential Decision Making and the Political Use of Military Force. International Studies Quarterly 38:121-138.
39. MEERNIK, J., AND P. WATERMAN (1996) The Myth of the Diversionary Use of Force by American Presidents. Political Research Quarterly 49(3):573-590.
40. MILLER, R. A. (1995) Domestic Structures and the Diversionary Use of force. American Journal of Political Science 39(3):760-785.
41. MILWARD A. (1977) War, Economy, and Society, 1939-1945. Berkeley: University of California Press.
42. MORGAN, T. C., AND K. N. BICKERS (1992) Domestic Discontent and the External Use of Force. Journal of Conflict Resolution 36(1):25-52.
43. MUELLER, J. E. (1973) War, Presidents and Public Opinion. New York: Wiley Press.
44. NINCIC, M. (1988) The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Politics of Opposites. World Politics 40(4):452-475.
45. NINCIC, M. (1990) U.S. Soviet Policy and the Electoral Connection. World Politics 42(3):370-396.
46. ONEAL J. R., AND B. RUSSETT (1997) The Classical Liberals Were Right: Interdependence, Democracy, and International Conflict. International Studies Quarterly 41(2):267-294.
47. OSTROM, C. W., AND B. JOB (1986) The President and the Political Use of Force. American Political Science Review 80(2):541-566.
48. RASLER, K. A., AND W. R. THOMPSON (1989) War and State Making. Boston: Unwin Hyman.
49. RUSSETT, B. (1990) "Economic Decline, Electoral Pressure, and the Initiation of Interstate Conflict." In Prisoners of War?: Nation-States in the Modern Era, edited by C. S. Gochman and A. N. Sabrosky. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
50. RUSSETT, B., AND E. C. HANSON (1975) Interest and Ideology: The Foreign Policy Beliefs of American Leaders. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
51. SQUIER, J. E. (1997) Time-Series Models for Event-Count Data: Properties and Estimation of Integer-based Autoregressive Processes. Manuscript. University of Michigan.
52. STOLL, R. J. (1984) The Guns of November: Presidential Reelections and the Use of Force, 1947-1982. Journal of Conflict Resolution 28(2):231-246.
53. WALTZ, K. (1979) A Theory of International Relations. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
54. ZELIKOW P. D. (1987) "The United States and the Use of Force: A Historical Summary." In Democracy, Strategy, and Vietnam, edited by G. K. Osborn et al. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.