How well do direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug Web sites meet FDA guidelines and public policy concerns?

Health Marketing Quarterly

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 45-71

  Macias, Wendy ^a   Lewis, Liza Stavchansky ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Direct to consumer (DTC) advertising; FDA; Public policy; Web sites

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; DRUG INDUSTRY; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HUMAN; INTERNET; MARKETING; METHODOLOGY; POLICY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; STANDARD; UNITED STATES;

COMMERCE; DRUG INDUSTRY; GUIDELINE ADHERENCE; HUMANS; INTERNET; MARKETING; PUBLIC POLICY; UNITED STATES; UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

EID: 33745327147     PISSN: 07359683     EISSN: 15450864     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J026v22n04_04     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Aikin, Kathryn J. (2002). "Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: Patient Survey Results," (19 September) http://www.fda.gov/cder/ddmac/presentations/kitHMCC2002out/index.htm.
2. Bell, Robert A., Richard L. Kravitz and Michael S. Wilkes (2000). "Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising. 1989-1998: A Content Analysis of Conditions, Targets, Inducements, and Appeals," The Journal of Family Practice, 49 (4): 329-335.
3. Bell, Robert A., Michael S. Wilkes and Richard L. Kravitz (2000). "The Educational Value of Consumer-Targeted Prescription Drug Print Advertising," The Journal of Family Practice, 49 (12): 1092-1098.
4. Berkowitz, Lyle, Mary Devlin Capizzi, Jennifer Breuer and Joanne Szuminski (2001). "Effective DTC Product Web Sites Must Synthesize Advertising and Labeling Requirements," Pharmaceutical Executive, (April): 124-130.
5. Broadcasting & Cable (2003). "FDA Study Support DTC Ads," (January 27): 19.
6. Calfee, John E. (2002). "Public Policy Issues in Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 21 (2): 174-193.
7. Chan-Olmsted, Sylvia and Jung Suk Park (2000). "From On-Air to Online World: Examining the Content and Structures of Broadcast TV Stations' Web Sites," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77 (2): 321-339.
8. Chemical Market Reporter (2001). "No Negative Impact Reported in Wake of DTC Advertising," (August 6): 15.
9. Chen, Qimei and William D. Wells (1999). "Attitude Toward the Site," Journal of Advertising Research, 39 (September/October): 27-38.
10. Deshpande, Aparna, Ajit Menon, Matthew Perri III and George Zinkhan (2004). "Direct-to-Consumer Advertising and its Utility in Health Care Decision Making: A Consumer Perspective," Journal of Health Communication, 9:499-513.
11. Dickinson, James G. (2002a). "DTC Report: FDA Survey Data Supports DTC," MM&M, (June): 32 & 34.
12. Dickinson, James G. (2002b). "DTC Report: Congress' Experts Blast DTC Ads," MM&M, (December): 30.
13. Dickinson, James G. (2001). "DTC Report: Consumers Give Views on DTC Ads," MM&M. (March): 40 & 42.
14. Eagle, Lynne and Philip Kitchen (2002). "Direct Consumer Promotion of Prescription Drugs: A Review of the Literature and the New Zealand Experience," International Journal of Medical Marketing, 2 (4): 293-310.
15. Findlay, Steven. (2001). Prescription Drugs and Mass Media Advertising, 2000, Washington DC: National Institute of Health Care Management, http://www.nihcm.org/DTCbrief2001.pdf.
16. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2004a). "Guidance for Industry: Brief Summary: Disclosing Risk Information in Consumer-Directed Print Advertisements," Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Department of Health and Human Services, Federal Register, (January): Docket HFA-305.
17. FDA (2004b). Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR 202.1 (e)(5)(ii).
18. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1999). "Guidance for Industry: Consumer-Directed Broadcast Advertisements," Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Federal Register, 64 (152): 43197-98, (August 9): Docket 97D-0302.
19. Gönül, Fusun, F., Franklin Carter and Jerry Wind (2000). "What Kind of Patients and Physicians Value Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs," Health Care Management, 3 (3): 215-226.
20. Green, Kristen (1998). "Marketing Health-Care Products on the Internet: A Proposal for Updated Federal Regulations," American Journal of Law and Medicine, 24 (2/3): 365-386.
21. Green, William (1995). "Consumer-Directed Advertising of Contraceptive Drugs: the FDA, Depo-Provera, and Product Liability," Food and Drug Law Journal, 50: 553-567.
22. Hibbard, Judith H. and Ellen Peter (2003). "Supporting Informed Consumer Health Care Decisions: Data Presentation Approaches that Facilitate the Use of Information in Choice," Annual Review of Public Health, 24 (1): 413-433.
23. Hibbard, Judith H., and Paul Slovic (1997). "Informing Consumer Decisions in Health Care: Implications from Decision-making Research, Milbank Quarterly, 75 (3): 395-414.
24. Holsti Ole R. (1969). Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
25. Humphreys, Andrew (2000). "Out of Site: The Top 10 health-Care Websites Are Fast, Informative, Artistic, Innovative, Creative, and Easy to Use," MedAdNews, 19 (12): 5, 10-12.
26. Kaphingst, Kimberly A. and William DeJong (2004). "The Educational Potential of Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising," Health Affairs, 23 (4): 143-147.
27. Kopp, Steven W. and Hae-Kyong Bang (2000). "Benefit and Risk Information in Prescription Drug Advertising: Review of Empirical Studies and Marketing Implications." Health Marketing Quarterly, 17 (3): 39-56.
28. Kravitz, Richard L. (2000). "Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: Implications for the Patient-Physician Relationship," Journal of the American Medical Association, 284 (17): 2244.
29. Krippendorff, Klaus (1980). Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
30. Lubalin, James S. and Lauren D. Harris-Kojetin (1999). "What Do Consumers Want and Need to Know in Making Health Care Choices?" Medical Care Research & Review. Sage Publications Inc. 56: 67-102.
31. Macias, Wendy and Liza Stavchansky Lewis (2003). "A Content Analysis of Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Prescription Drug Web Sites," Journal of Advertising. 32 (4): 43-56.
32. Macias, Wendy and Liza Stavchansky Lewis and Vandana Shankar (2004). "Dr. Mom and Dr. Web: A Qualitative Analysis of Women's Use of Health Information on the Web." Journal of Interactive Advertising, 4(2), URL http://www.jiad.org/ (retrieved February 24, 2005).
33. Maddox, Lynda M. (1999). "The Use of Pharmaceutical Web Sites for Prescription Drug Information and Product Requests," The Journal of Product and Brand Management, 8 (6): 488-501.
34. Matthews, Merrill (2001). "Advertising Drugs is Good for Patients: Lowers Costs to Consumers," Consumers' Research, August: 15-20.
35. Menon, Ajit M., Aparna D. Deshpande, Matthew Perri III and Georgia M. Zinkhan (2003). "Consumers' Attention to the Brief Summary in Print Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements: Perceived Usefulness in Patient-Physicians Discussions," Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 22 (2): 181-191.
36. Miller, Tracy E. and Arthur R. Derse (2002). "Between Strangers: The Practice of Medicine Online," Health Affairs, 21 (4): 168-173.
37. Mintzes, Barbara. (2001). "An Assessment of the Health System Impacts of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Medications, Volume II: Literature Review," Vancouver, BC (Canada): The University of British Columbia, Center for Health Services and Policy Research. http://www.chspr.ubc. ca//hpru/pdf/dtca-v2-litreview.pdf.
38. Mintzes, Barbara, Morris L. Barer, Richard L. Kravitz, Arminee Kazanjian, Ken Bassett, Joel Lexchin, Robert G. Evans, Richard Pan and Stephen A. Marion (2002). "Influence of Direct to Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising and Patients' Requests on Prescribing Decisions: Two Site Cross Sectional Survey," British Medical Journal, 321 (February): 278-279.
39. Mitka, Mike (2003). "Survey Suggesting that Prescription Drug Ads Help Public is Met with Skepticism," Journal of the American Medical Association, 289 (7): 827-828.
40. MM&M (2001). "DTC Has Worked Says FDA," (June): 34.
41. MM&M (2003). "FDA Physician Survey Shows Little Resistance to DTC," (February): 8 & 10.
42. MM&M (2004). "DTC Advertising Gets the Green Light," (April): 36-40.
43. Moody, R.B., Yorgo Pasadeos and K. Lewis. (1996). "Direct-to- Consumer Prescription Drug Advertisements: Do They Follow FDA Guidelines?" AEJMC Annual Convention-Advertising Division, (August).
44. Murray, Elizabeth, Bernard Lo, Lance Pollack, Karen Donclan, Joe Catania, Martha White, Kinga Zapert and Rachel Turner (2003). "The Impact of Health Information on the Internet on the Physician-Patient Relationship," Archives of Internal Medicine, 163: 1727-1734.
45. Parker, Betty J. and Linda M. Delene (1998). "Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising: Content Analysis and Public Policy Implications," Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management. 12 (4): 27-42.
46. Patton, W. E. III (1981). "Quantity of Information and Information Display Type as Predictors of Consumer Choice of Product Brands," Journal of Consumer Affairs, 15: 92-105.
47. Paul, David P., Amy Handlin and Angela D'Auria Stanton (2002). "Primary Care Physicians' Attitudes Toward Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs: Still Crazy After All These Years," Journal of Consumer Marketing, 19 (7): 564-574.
48. Peyrot, Mark, Neil M. Alperstein, Doris Van Doren and Laurence G. Poli (1998). "Direct-to-Consumer Ads Can Influence Behavior," Marketing Health Services, 18 (2): 26-32.
49. Rai, Arti K. (1999). "Reflective Choice in Health Care: Using Information Technology to Present Allocation Options," American Journal of Law & Medicine 25 (2/3): 38-402.
50. Realto, Vern (1998a). "Prescription Meds Meet the Web." Pharmaceutical Executive, 18 (11): DTC6-DTC16.
51. Realto, Vern (1998b). "1998 top 10: Best of the Best." Pharmaceutical Executive, 18 (12): S6-S11.
52. Riffe, Daniel, Stephen Lacy and Frederick Fico (1998). Analyzing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
53. Risk, Ahmad and Carolyn Petersen (2002). "Health Information on the Internet" Journal of the American Medical Association, 287 (20): 2713-2715.
54. Robinson, Andrew R., Kirsten B. Hohmann, Julie I Rifkin, Daniel Topp, Christine M Gilroy, Jeffrey A. Pickard and Robert J. Anderson (2004). "Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising: Physician and Public Opinion and Potential Effects on the Physician-Patient Relationship," Archives of Internal Medicine, 164: 427-432.
55. Rosenthal, Meredith B., Ernst R. Berndt, Julie M. Donohue, Richard G. Frank and Arnold M. Epstein (2002). "Promotion of Prescription Drugs to Consumers." New England Journal of Medicine, 346 (7): 498-505.
56. Roth, Martin S. (1996). "Patterns in Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Print Advertising and Their Public Policy & Marketing Implications," Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 15 (1): 63-75.
57. Thomas, Rich (2003). "2003 Outlook: Pharmaceutical," Advertising Age, (January 6): 8.
58. Twibell, Dan and Mark Anzalone (2001). "DTC on the Web-Fad or Fundamental?" DTC PERSPECTIVES, (May/June): 28-29.
59. Von Knoop, Carina, Deborah Lovich, Martin B. Silverstein, Michael Tutty (2003). "Vital Signs: E-Health in the United States." The Boston Consulting Group, (January 3): http://www.bcg.com/publications/files/ Vital_Signs_Rpt_Jan03.pdf.
60. Weare, Christopher and Wan-Ying Lin (2000). "Content Analysis of the World Wide Web: Opportunities and Challenges," Social Science Computer Review, 18 (3): 272-292.
61. Weissman, Rachel X. (1998). "But First, Call Your Drug Company," American Demographics, (October): 27-30.
62. Wilkes, Michael S., Robert A. Bell and Richard L. Kravitz (2000). "Direct-To-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising: Trends, Impact, and Implications," Health Affairs, 19 (2): 110-128.
63. Winker, Margaret A., Annette Flanagin, Bonnie Chi-Lum, John White, Karen Andrews, Robert L. Kennett, Catherine D. DeAngelis, and Robert A. Musacchio (2000). "Guidelines for Medical and Health Information Sites on the Internet," Journal of the American Medical Association, 283 (12): 1600-1606.
64. Viale, Pamela Hallquist and Deanna Sanchez Yamamoto (2004). "The Attitudes and Beliefs of Oncology Nurse Practitioners Regarding Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Mediations," Oncology Nursing Forum, 31 (4): 777-784.