메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 684-690

Comparison of oxidative properties, light absorbance, and total and elemental mass concentration of ambient PM2.5 collected at 20 European sites

(17)  Künzli, Nino a,b,l,n   Mudway, Ian S c   Götschi, Thomas a,b,n   Shi, Tingming d,e   Kelly, Frank J c   Cook, Sarah c   Burney, Peter a,c,n   Forsberg, Bertil a,f,n   Gauderman, James W b   Hazenkamp, Marianne E a,g,n   Heinrich, Joachim a,h,n   Jarvis, Deborah a,c,n   Norbäck, Dan a,i,n   Payo Losa, Felix a,j,n   Poli, Albino a,k,n   Sunyer, Jordi a,l,n   Borm, Paul J A d,m  


Author keywords

Air pollution; Antioxidant depletion; Ascorbate; Black smoke; Elemental analysis; Fine particle; Glutathione; Hydroxy redical formation; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxidant species; Reflectance

Indexed keywords

5,5 DIMETHYL 1 PYRROLINE 1 OXIDE; ANTIOXIDANT; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE;

EID: 33646340918     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: 15529924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8584     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (180)

References (67)
  • 4
    • 1942484815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled particles and lung cancer, part B: Paradigms and risk assessment
    • Borm PJ, Schins RP, Albrecht C. 2004. Inhaled particles and lung cancer, part B: paradigms and risk assessment. Int J Cancer 110(1):3-14.
    • (2004) Int J Cancer , vol.110 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-14
    • Borm, P.J.1    Schins, R.P.2    Albrecht, C.3
  • 5
    • 23144466956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological evidence of effects of coarse airborne particles on health
    • Brunekreef B, Forsberg B. 2005. Epidemiological evidence of effects of coarse airborne particles on health. Eur Respir J 26(2):309-318.
    • (2005) Eur Respir J , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 309-318
    • Brunekreef, B.1    Forsberg, B.2
  • 6
    • 0037136933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and health
    • Brunekreef B, Holgate ST. 2002. Air pollution and health. Lancet 360(9341):1233-1242.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , Issue.9341 , pp. 1233-1242
    • Brunekreef, B.1    Holgate, S.T.2
  • 7
    • 0029939394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalytic metals, ascorbate and free radicals: Combinations to avoid
    • Buettner GR, Jurkiewicz BA. 1996. Catalytic metals, ascorbate and free radicals: combinations to avoid. Radiat Res 145(5):532-541.
    • (1996) Radiat Res , vol.145 , Issue.5 , pp. 532-541
    • Buettner, G.R.1    Jurkiewicz, B.A.2
  • 8
    • 0028241851 scopus 로고
    • The European Community Respiratory Health Survey
    • Burney PG, Luczynska C, Chinn S, Jarvis D. 1994. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Eur Respir J 7(5):954-960.
    • (1994) Eur Respir J , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 954-960
    • Burney, P.G.1    Luczynska, C.2    Chinn, S.3    Jarvis, D.4
  • 9
    • 22844439183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redox activity of airborne particulate matter at different sites in the Los Angeles Basin
    • Cho AK, Sioutas C, Miguel AH, Kumagai Y, Schmitz DA, Singh M, et al. 2005. Redox activity of airborne particulate matter at different sites in the Los Angeles Basin. Environ Res 99(1):40-47.
    • (2005) Environ Res , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-47
    • Cho, A.K.1    Sioutas, C.2    Miguel, A.H.3    Kumagai, Y.4    Schmitz, D.A.5    Singh, M.6
  • 10
    • 1542298822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of the effects of chloride, sulfate and nitrate ions on the rates of decomposition of H2O2 and organic compounds by Fe(II)/H2O2 and Fe(III)/H2O2
    • De Laat J, Truong Le G, Legube B. 2004. A comparative study of the effects of chloride, sulfate and nitrate ions on the rates of decomposition of H2O2 and organic compounds by Fe(II)/H2O2 and Fe(III)/ H2O2. Chemosphere 55(5):715-723.
    • (2004) Chemosphere , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 715-723
    • De Laat, J.1    Truong Le, G.2    Legube, B.3
  • 11
    • 0030296565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free radical activity associated with the surface of particles: A unifying factor in determining biological activity?
    • Donaldson K, Beswick PH, Gilmour PS. 1996. Free radical activity associated with the surface of particles: a unifying factor in determining biological activity? Toxicol Lett 88(1-3):293-298.
    • (1996) Toxicol Lett , vol.88 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 293-298
    • Donaldson, K.1    Beswick, P.H.2    Gilmour, P.S.3
  • 13
    • 0037692951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and calcium signaling in the adverse effects of environmental particles (PM10)
    • Donaldson K, Stone V, Borm PJ, Jimenez LA, Gilmour PS, Schins RP, et al. 2003. Oxidative stress and calcium signaling in the adverse effects of environmental particles (PM10). Free Radic Biol Med 34(11):1369-1382.
    • (2003) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.34 , Issue.11 , pp. 1369-1382
    • Donaldson, K.1    Stone, V.2    Borm, P.J.3    Jimenez, L.A.4    Gilmour, P.S.5    Schins, R.P.6
  • 14
    • 33845217749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combustion-derived nanoparticles: A review of their toxicology following inhalation exposure
    • Donaldson K, Tran L, Jimenez L, Duffin R, Newby DE, Mills N, et al. 2005. Combustion-derived nanoparticles: a review of their toxicology following inhalation exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2(1):10.
    • (2005) Part Fibre Toxicol , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 10
    • Donaldson, K.1    Tran, L.2    Jimenez, L.3    Duffin, R.4    Newby, D.E.5    Mills, N.6
  • 15
    • 0036849551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II
    • European Community Respiratory Health Group
    • European Community Respiratory Health Group. 2002. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. Eur Respir J 20(5):1071-1079.
    • (2002) Eur Respir J , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 1071-1079
  • 16
    • 4644222408 scopus 로고
    • The formation of mixed complexes of nickel with ascorbic acid and amino acids
    • Fridman YD, Dolgashova NV, Zhusupbekov TZ. 1979. The formation of mixed complexes of nickel with ascorbic acid and amino acids. Zh Neorgan Khim 24:3325-3329.
    • (1979) Zh Neorgan Khim , vol.24 , pp. 3325-3329
    • Fridman, Y.D.1    Dolgashova, N.V.2    Zhusupbekov, T.Z.3
  • 17
    • 0032586321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfate content correlates with iron concentrations in ambient air pollution particles
    • Ghio AJ, Stoneheurner J, McGee JK, Kinsey JS. 1999. Sulfate content correlates with iron concentrations in ambient air pollution particles. Inhal Toxicol 11(4):293-307.
    • (1999) Inhal Toxicol , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 293-307
    • Ghio, A.J.1    Stoneheurner, J.2    McGee, J.K.3    Kinsey, J.S.4
  • 18
    • 0032765717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theoretical basis for investigating ambient air pollution and children's respiratory health
    • Gilliland FD, McConnell R, Peters J, Gong HJ. 1999. A theoretical basis for investigating ambient air pollution and children's respiratory health. Environ Health Perspect 107(suppl 3):403-407.
    • (1999) Environ Health Perspect , vol.107 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 403-407
    • Gilliland, F.D.1    McConnell, R.2    Peters, J.3    Gong, H.J.4
  • 21
    • 0037331741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary antioxidants exert differential protective effects against urban and industrial particulate matter
    • Greenwell LL, Moreno T, Richards RJ. 2003. Pulmonary antioxidants exert differential protective effects against urban and industrial particulate matter. J Biosci 28(1):101-107.
    • (2003) J Biosci , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-107
    • Greenwell, L.L.1    Moreno, T.2    Richards, R.J.3
  • 26
    • 17944368023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European Community Respiratory Health Survey: What are the main results so far?. European Community Respiratory Health Survey II
    • Janson C, Anto J, Burney P, Chinn S, de Marco R, Heinrich J, et al. 2001. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey: what are the main results so far? European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. Eur Respir J 18(3):598-611.
    • (2001) Eur Respir J , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 598-611
    • Janson, C.1    Anto, J.2    Burney, P.3    Chinn, S.4    de Marco, R.5    Heinrich, J.6
  • 27
    • 28444473507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between ambient, personal, and indoor exposure to fine particulate matter constituents in Dutch and Finnish panels of cardiovascular patients
    • Janssen NA, Lanki T, Hoek G, Vallius M, de Hartog JJ, Van Grieken R, et al. 2005. Associations between ambient, personal, and indoor exposure to fine particulate matter constituents in Dutch and Finnish panels of cardiovascular patients. Occup Environ Med 62(12):868-877.
    • (2005) Occup Environ Med , vol.62 , Issue.12 , pp. 868-877
    • Janssen, N.A.1    Lanki, T.2    Hoek, G.3    Vallius, M.4    de Hartog, J.J.5    Van Grieken, R.6
  • 28
    • 0036155863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air conditioning and source-specific particles as modifiers of the effect of PM10 on hospital admissions for heart and lung disease
    • Janssen NA, Schwartz J, Zanobetti A, Suh HH. 2002. Air conditioning and source-specific particles as modifiers of the effect of PM10 on hospital admissions for heart and lung disease. Environ Health Perspect 110:43-49.
    • (2002) Environ Health Perspect , vol.110 , pp. 43-49
    • Janssen, N.A.1    Schwartz, J.2    Zanobetti, A.3    Suh, H.H.4
  • 29
    • 17944362158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confounding and effect modification in the short-term effects of ambient particles on total mortality: Results from 29 European cities within the APHEA2 project
    • Katsouyanni K, Touloumi G, Samoli E, Gryparis A, Le Tertre A, Monopolis Y, et al. 2001. Confounding and effect modification in the short-term effects of ambient particles on total mortality: results from 29 European cities within the APHEA2 project. Epidemiology 12(5):521-531.
    • (2001) Epidemiology , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 521-531
    • Katsouyanni, K.1    Touloumi, G.2    Samoli, E.3    Gryparis, A.4    Le Tertre, A.5    Monopolis, Y.6
  • 30
    • 0030325755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory tract lining fluid antioxidants: The first line of defence against gaseous pollutants
    • Kelly FJ, Cotgrove M, Mudway IS. 1996. Respiratory tract lining fluid antioxidants: the first line of defence against gaseous pollutants. Cent Eur J Public Health 4(suppl):11-14.
    • (1996) Cent Eur J Public Health , vol.4 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 11-14
    • Kelly, F.J.1    Cotgrove, M.2    Mudway, I.S.3
  • 31
    • 0034878088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) for simultaneous in vivo and in vitro evaluation of toxic effects of ultrafine, fine and coarse ambient particles. Part II: Field evaluation
    • Kim S, Jaques PA, Chang MC, Barone T, Xiong C, Friedlander SK, Sioutas C. 2001a. Versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) for simultaneous in vivo and in vitro evaluation of toxic effects of ultrafine, fine and coarse ambient particles. Part II: field evaluation. J Aerosol Sci 32(11):1299-1314.
    • (2001) J Aerosol Sci , vol.32 , Issue.11 , pp. 1299-1314
    • Kim, S.1    Jaques, P.A.2    Chang, M.C.3    Barone, T.4    Xiong, C.5    Friedlander, S.K.6    Sioutas, C.7
  • 32
    • 0034865301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) for simultaneous in vivo and in vitro evaluation of toxic effects of ultrafine, fine and coarse ambient particles. Part I: Development and laboratory characterization
    • Kim S, Jaques PA, Chang MC, Froines JR, Sioutas C. 2001b. Versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) for simultaneous in vivo and in vitro evaluation of toxic effects of ultrafine, fine and coarse ambient particles. Part I: development and laboratory characterization. J Aerosol Sci 32(11):1281-1297.
    • (2001) J Aerosol Sci , vol.32 , Issue.11 , pp. 1281-1297
    • Kim, S.1    Jaques, P.A.2    Chang, M.C.3    Froines, J.R.4    Sioutas, C.5
  • 33
    • 1942450121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled particles and lung cancer. Part A: Mechanisms
    • Knaapen AM, Borm PJ, Albrecht C, Schins RP. 2004. Inhaled particles and lung cancer. Part A: mechanisms. Int J Cancer 109(6):799-809.
    • (2004) Int J Cancer , vol.109 , Issue.6 , pp. 799-809
    • Knaapen, A.M.1    Borm, P.J.2    Albrecht, C.3    Schins, R.P.4
  • 34
    • 0034927268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambient particulate matter induces relaxation of rat aortic rings in vitro
    • Knaapen AM, den Hartog GJ, Bast A, Borm PJ. 2001. Ambient particulate matter induces relaxation of rat aortic rings in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 20(5):259-265.
    • (2001) Hum Exp Toxicol , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 259-265
    • Knaapen, A.M.1    den Hartog, G.J.2    Bast, A.3    Borm, P.J.4
  • 35
    • 4243248914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble metals as well as the insoluble particle fraction are involved in cellular DNA damage induced by particulate matter
    • Knaapen AM, Shi T, Borm PJ, Schins RP. 2002. Soluble metals as well as the insoluble particle fraction are involved in cellular DNA damage induced by particulate matter. Mol Cell Biochem 234-235(1-2):317-326.
    • (2002) Mol Cell Biochem , vol.234-235 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 317-326
    • Knaapen, A.M.1    Shi, T.2    Borm, P.J.3    Schins, R.P.4
  • 36
    • 0036259255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a stratified oxidative stress model to study the biological effects of ambient concentrated and diesel exhaust particulate matter
    • Li N, Kim S, Wang M, Froines J, Sioutas C, Nel A. 2002. Use of a stratified oxidative stress model to study the biological effects of ambient concentrated and diesel exhaust particulate matter. Inhal Toxicol 14(5):459-486.
    • (2002) Inhal Toxicol , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 459-486
    • Li, N.1    Kim, S.2    Wang, M.3    Froines, J.4    Sioutas, C.5    Nel, A.6
  • 37
    • 0037732792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage
    • Li N, Sioutas C, Cho A, Schmitz D, Misra C, Sempf J, et al. 2003. Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environ Health Perspect 111:455-460.
    • (2003) Environ Health Perspect , vol.111 , pp. 455-460
    • Li, N.1    Sioutas, C.2    Cho, A.3    Schmitz, D.4    Misra, C.5    Sempf, J.6
  • 40
    • 33144476650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of hydrogen peroxide and histamine on lung permeability and translocation of iridium nanoparticles in the isolated perfused rat lung
    • Meiring JJ, Borm PJ, Bagate K, Semmler M, Seitz J, Takenaka S, et al. 2005. The influence of hydrogen peroxide and histamine on lung permeability and translocation of iridium nanoparticles in the isolated perfused rat lung. Part Fibre Toxicol 2(1):1-13.
    • (2005) Part Fibre Toxicol , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-13
    • Meiring, J.J.1    Borm, P.J.2    Bagate, K.3    Semmler, M.4    Seitz, J.5    Takenaka, S.6
  • 41
    • 19944430465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of ambient (outdoor) sources on residential indoor and personal PM2.5 concentrations: Analyses of RIOPA data
    • Meng QY, Turpin BJ, Korn L, Weisel CP, Morandi M, Colome S, et al. 2005. Influence of ambient (outdoor) sources on residential indoor and personal PM2.5 concentrations: analyses of RIOPA data. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 15(1):17-28.
    • (2005) J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-28
    • Meng, Q.Y.1    Turpin, B.J.2    Korn, L.3    Weisel, C.P.4    Morandi, M.5    Colome, S.6
  • 42
    • 10744221637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An in vitroand in vivoinvestigation of the effects of diesel exhaust on human airway lining fluid antioxidants
    • Mudway IS, Stenfors N, Duggan ST, Roxborough H, Zielinski H, Marklund SL, et al. 2004. An in vitroand in vivoinvestigation of the effects of diesel exhaust on human airway lining fluid antioxidants. Arch Biochem Biophys 423(1):200-212.
    • (2004) Arch Biochem Biophys , vol.423 , Issue.1 , pp. 200-212
    • Mudway, I.S.1    Stenfors, N.2    Duggan, S.T.3    Roxborough, H.4    Zielinski, H.5    Marklund, S.L.6
  • 43
    • 18244377974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution-related illness: Effects of particles
    • Nel A. 2005. Air pollution-related illness: effects of particles. Science 308(5723):804-806.
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , Issue.5723 , pp. 804-806
    • Nel, A.1
  • 44
    • 0035178981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of particulate pollutants in pulmonary inflammation and asthma: Evidence for the involvement of organic chemicals and oxidative stress
    • Nel AE, Diaz-Sanchez D, Li N. 2001. The role of particulate pollutants in pulmonary inflammation and asthma: evidence for the involvement of organic chemicals and oxidative stress. Curr Opin Pulm Med 7(1):20-26.
    • (2001) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-26
    • Nel, A.E.1    Diaz-Sanchez, D.2    Li, N.3
  • 45
    • 5044234846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we use fixed ambient air monitors to estimate population long-term expoure to air pollutants? The case of spatial variability in the Genotox ER study
    • Nerriere E, Zmirou D, Blanchard O, Momas I, Ladner J, Le Mouellex Y, et al. 2005. Can we use fixed ambient air monitors to estimate population long-term expoure to air pollutants? The case of spatial variability in the Genotox ER study. Environ Res 97(1):32-42.
    • (2005) Environ Res , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-42
    • Nerriere, E.1    Zmirou, D.2    Blanchard, O.3    Momas, I.4    Ladner, J.5    Le Mouellex, Y.6
  • 46
    • 0034214905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of ambient levels of fine particles as surrogate for personal exposure to outdoor air pollution - Results of the European EXPOLIS-EAS Study (Swiss Center Basel)
    • Oglesby L, Kunzli N, Roosli M, Braun-Fahrlander C, Mathys P, Stern W, et al. 2000. Validity of ambient levels of fine particles as surrogate for personal exposure to outdoor air pollution - results of the European EXPOLIS-EAS Study (Swiss Center Basel). J Air Waste Manag Assoc 50(7):1251-1261.
    • (2000) J Air Waste Manag Assoc , vol.50 , Issue.7 , pp. 1251-1261
    • Oglesby, L.1    Kunzli, N.2    Roosli, M.3    Braun-Fahrlander, C.4    Mathys, P.5    Stern, W.6
  • 48
    • 0033787675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of 2′-deoxyguanosine hydroxylation and DNA damage by coal and oil fly ash in relation to particulate metal content and availability
    • Prahalad AK, Inmon J, Ghio AJ, Gallagher JE. 2000. Enhancement of 2′-deoxyguanosine hydroxylation and DNA damage by coal and oil fly ash in relation to particulate metal content and availability. Chem Res Toxicol 13(10):1011-1019.
    • (2000) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 1011-1019
    • Prahalad, A.K.1    Inmon, J.2    Ghio, A.J.3    Gallagher, J.E.4
  • 49
    • 0033566047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambient air particles: Effects on cellular oxidant radical generation in relation to particulate elemental chemistry
    • Prahalad AK, Soukup JM, Inmon J, Willis R, Ghio AJ, Becker S, et al. 1999. Ambient air particles: effects on cellular oxidant radical generation in relation to particulate elemental chemistry. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 158(2):81-91.
    • (1999) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.158 , Issue.2 , pp. 81-91
    • Prahalad, A.K.1    Soukup, J.M.2    Inmon, J.3    Willis, R.4    Ghio, A.J.5    Becker, S.6
  • 50
    • 0033066904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of redox interaction between substituted quinones and ascorbate under aerobic conditions
    • Roginsky VA, Barsukova TK, Stegmann HB. 1999. Kinetics of redox interaction between substituted quinones and ascorbate under aerobic conditions. Chem Biol Interact 121(2):177-197.
    • (1999) Chem Biol Interact , vol.121 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-197
    • Roginsky, V.A.1    Barsukova, T.K.2    Stegmann, H.B.3
  • 51
    • 4544388631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and in vitro toxicologic characterization of wintertime and springtime urban-air particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 microm in Helsinki
    • Salonen RO, Halinen AI, Pennanen AS, Hirvonen MR, Sillanpaa M, Hillamo R, et al. 2004. Chemical and in vitro toxicologic characterization of wintertime and springtime urban-air particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 microm in Helsinki. Scand J Work Environ Health 30(suppl 2):80-90.
    • (2004) Scand J Work Environ Health , vol.30 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 80-90
    • Salonen, R.O.1    Halinen, A.I.2    Pennanen, A.S.3    Hirvonen, M.R.4    Sillanpaa, M.5    Hillamo, R.6
  • 52
    • 0034649702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 U.S. cities, 1987-1994
    • Samet JM, Dominici F, Curriero FC, Coursac I, Zeger SL. 2000. Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in 20 U.S. cities, 1987-1994. N Engl J Med 343(24):1742-1749.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.343 , Issue.24 , pp. 1742-1749
    • Samet, J.M.1    Dominici, F.2    Curriero, F.C.3    Coursac, I.4    Zeger, S.L.5
  • 53
    • 17844381641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambient gas concentrations and personal particulate matter exposures: Implications for studying the health effects of particles
    • Sarnat JA, Brown KW, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Koutrakis P. 2005. Ambient gas concentrations and personal particulate matter exposures: implications for studying the health effects of particles. Epidemiology 16(3):385-395.
    • (2005) Epidemiology , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 385-395
    • Sarnat, J.A.1    Brown, K.W.2    Schwartz, J.3    Coull, B.A.4    Koutrakis, P.5
  • 54
    • 5144235287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal-rich ambient particles (particulate matter 2.5) cause airway inflammation in healthy subjects
    • Schaumann F, Borm PJ, Herbrich A, Knoch J, Pitz M, Schins RP, et al. 2004. Metal-rich ambient particles (particulate matter 2.5) cause airway inflammation in healthy subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170(8):898-903.
    • (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.170 , Issue.8 , pp. 898-903
    • Schaumann, F.1    Borm, P.J.2    Herbrich, A.3    Knoch, J.4    Pitz, M.5    Schins, R.P.6
  • 55
    • 0025131549 scopus 로고
    • Comparative potency of inhaled acidic sulfates: Speciation and the role of hydrogen ion
    • Schlesinger RB, Chen LC, Finkelstein I, Zelikoff JT. 1990. Comparative potency of inhaled acidic sulfates: speciation and the role of hydrogen ion. Environ Res 52(2):210-224.
    • (1990) Environ Res , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 210-224
    • Schlesinger, R.B.1    Chen, L.C.2    Finkelstein, I.3    Zelikoff, J.T.4
  • 56
    • 23644433971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute air pollution effects: Consequences of exposure distribution and measurements
    • Sheppard L. 2005. Acute air pollution effects: consequences of exposure distribution and measurements. J Toxicol Environ Health A 68(13):1127-1135.
    • (2005) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.68 , Issue.13 , pp. 1127-1135
    • Sheppard, L.1
  • 58
    • 0038185370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal variation of hydroxyl radical generation and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine formation by coarse and fine particulate matter
    • Shi T, Knaapen AM, Begerow J, Birmili W, Borm PJ, Schins RP. 2003a. Temporal variation of hydroxyl radical generation and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine formation by coarse and fine particulate matter. Occup Environ Med 60(5):315-321.
    • (2003) Occup Environ Med , vol.60 , Issue.5 , pp. 315-321
    • Shi, T.1    Knaapen, A.M.2    Begerow, J.3    Birmili, W.4    Borm, P.J.5    Schins, R.P.6
  • 59
    • 0042066649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxyl radical generation by electron paramagnetic resonance as a new method to monitor ambient particulate matter composition
    • Shi T, Schins RP, Knaapen AM, Kuhlbusch T, Pitz M, Heinrich J, et al. 2003b. Hydroxyl radical generation by electron paramagnetic resonance as a new method to monitor ambient particulate matter composition. J Environ Monit 5(4):550-556.
    • (2003) J Environ Monit , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 550-556
    • Shi, T.1    Schins, R.P.2    Knaapen, A.M.3    Kuhlbusch, T.4    Pitz, M.5    Heinrich, J.6
  • 60
    • 0020636266 scopus 로고
    • Airway responses to sulfate and sulfuric acid aerosols in asthmatics. An exposure-response relationship
    • Utell MJ, Morrow PE, Speers DM, Darling J, Hyde RW. 1983. Airway responses to sulfate and sulfuric acid aerosols in asthmatics. An exposure-response relationship. Am Rev Respir Dis 128(3):444-450.
    • (1983) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.128 , Issue.3 , pp. 444-450
    • Utell, M.J.1    Morrow, P.E.2    Speers, D.M.3    Darling, J.4    Hyde, R.W.5
  • 61
    • 0033375059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitroeffects of coal fly ashes: Hydroxyl radical generation, iron release, and DNA damage and toxicity in rat lung epithelial cells
    • van Maanen JM, Borm PJ, Knaapen A, van Herwijnen M, Schilderman PA, Smith KR, et al. 1999. In vitroeffects of coal fly ashes: hydroxyl radical generation, iron release, and DNA damage and toxicity in rat lung epithelial cells. Inhal Toxicol 11(12):1123-1141.
    • (1999) Inhal Toxicol , vol.11 , Issue.12 , pp. 1123-1141
    • van Maanen, J.M.1    Borm, P.J.2    Knaapen, A.3    van Herwijnen, M.4    Schilderman, P.A.5    Smith, K.R.6
  • 62
    • 6344283093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quinones and aromatic chemical compounds in particulate matter induce mitochondrial dysfunction: Implications for ultrafine particle toxicity
    • Xia T, Korge P, Weiss JN, Li N, Venkatesen MI, Sioutas C, et al. 2004. Quinones and aromatic chemical compounds in particulate matter induce mitochondrial dysfunction: implications for ultrafine particle toxicity. Environ Health Perspect 112:1347-1358.
    • (2004) Environ Health Perspect , vol.112 , pp. 1347-1358
    • Xia, T.1    Korge, P.2    Weiss, J.N.3    Li, N.4    Venkatesen, M.I.5    Sioutas, C.6
  • 63
    • 0036138413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The temporal pattern of mortality responses to air pollution: A multicity assessment of mortality displacement
    • Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Samoli E, Gryparis A, Touloumi G, Atkinson R, et al. 2002. The temporal pattern of mortality responses to air pollution: a multicity assessment of mortality displacement. Epidemiology 13(1):87-93.
    • (2002) Epidemiology , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-93
    • Zanobetti, A.1    Schwartz, J.2    Samoli, E.3    Gryparis, A.4    Touloumi, G.5    Atkinson, R.6
  • 64
    • 22844432450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of element deposition derived from road traffic sources by using mosses
    • Zechmeister HG, Hohenwallner D, Riss A, Hanus-Illnar A. 2005. Estimation of element deposition derived from road traffic sources by using mosses. Environ Pollut 138:238-249.
    • (2005) Environ Pollut , vol.138 , pp. 238-249
    • Zechmeister, H.G.1    Hohenwallner, D.2    Riss, A.3    Hanus-Illnar, A.4
  • 66
    • 0036719841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles near a major highway
    • Zhu Y, Hinds WC, Kim S, Sioutas C. 2002. Concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles near a major highway. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 52(9):1032-1042.
    • (2002) J Air Waste Manag Assoc , vol.52 , Issue.9 , pp. 1032-1042
    • Zhu, Y.1    Hinds, W.C.2    Kim, S.3    Sioutas, C.4
  • 67
    • 0032730677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the interactions of particulates with epithelial lining fluid antioxidants
    • Zielinski H, Mudway IS, Berube KA, Murphy S, Richards R, Kelly FJ. 1999. Modeling the interactions of particulates with epithelial lining fluid antioxidants. Am J Physiol 277(4 pt 1):L719-L726.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277 , Issue.4 PART 1
    • Zielinski, H.1    Mudway, I.S.2    Berube, K.A.3    Murphy, S.4    Richards, R.5    Kelly, F.J.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.