Weighting in LCA based on ecotaxes: Development of a mid-point method and experiences from case studies

International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment

Volumn 11, Issue SPEC. ISS. 1, 2006, Pages 81-88

  Finnveden, Göran ^a   Eldh, Peter ^a,c   Johansson, Jessica ^b  

^a ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b SWEDISH DEFENCE RESEARCH AGENCY   (Sweden)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Cost benefit assessment; Impact assessment; LCA; LCC; Strategic environmental assessment; Valuation; Weighting

Indexed keywords

BENZENE; CARBON DIOXIDE; COPPER; GLYPHOSATE; NITROGEN FERTILIZER; ORTHO XYLENE; TOLUENE;

ACIDIFICATION; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; EUTROPHICATION; GREENHOUSE EFFECT; LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT; PHOTOOXIDATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SWEDEN; TAX;

EID: 33646245932     PISSN: 09483349     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1065/lca2006.04.015     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Alin J, Astnäs T (2001): Jämförande studier av utombordsmotorers emissioner till vatten. Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg
2. Azar C, Sterner T (1996): Discounting and distributional considerations in the context of global warming. Ecological Economics 19, 169-184
3. Bare JC, Hofstetter P, Pennington DW, Udo de Haes HA (2000): Midpoints versus Endpoints: The sacrifices and benefits. Int J LCA 5, 319-326
4. Bare JC, Pennington DW, Udo de Haes HA (1999): Life cycle impact assessment sophistication. Int J LCA 4, 299-306
5. Bernes C (1991): Spridning och läckage av växtnäring (Sveriges Nationalatlas, Miljön). Höganäs, Sweden, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker
6. Björklund A, Johansson J, Nilsson M, Eldh P, Finnveden G (2003): Environmental Assessment of a Waste Incineration Tax. Ems report 184
7. Bockstael NE, Freeman III AM, Kopp RJ, Portney PR, Smith VK (2000): On measuring economic values for nature. Environ Sci Technol 34, 1384-1389
8. Burman L, Johansson C, Johansson PA, Westerlund KG, Gelinder M et al. (1997): Fritidsbåtarnas utsläpp av luftföroreningar i Stockholms stad och län. Stockholm, Miljö förvaltningen
9. Bäckman P, Eriksson E, Ringström E, Andersson K, Svensson R {2001 ): Oversiktlig samhällsekonomisk analys av producentansvaret. Reforsk, Malmö
10. Carlsson Reich M (2005): Economic assessment of municipal waste management systems - Case studies using a combination of life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC). J Cleaner Prod 13, 253-263
11. Carson R (2000): Contingent valuation: A user's guide. Environ Sci Technol 34, 1413-1418
12. Eldh P (2003): Ecotax 02 - An update of an LCA weighting method with a case study on waste management. MSc thesis TRITA KET-IM 2003:2. KTH, Stockholm
13. European Commission (2002): Directorate general Taxation and custom union Tax policy, Excise duty tables. REF 1.014 April 2002
14. Engström R, Wadeskog A, Finnveden G (2005): Environmental assessment of Swedish agriculture. Submitted to Ecological Economics
15. Farber S, Griner B (2000): Using conjoint analysis to value ecosystem change. Environ. Sci Technol 34, 1407-1412
16. Finnveden G (1999): A Critical Review of Operational Valuation/Weighting Methods for Life Cycle Assessment. AFR-report 253, AFR, Naturvårdsverket, Stockholm, Sweden
17. Finnveden G (1999): Methodological Aspects of Life Cycle Assessment of Integrated Solid Waste Management Systems. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 26, 173-187
18. Finnveden G, Östlund P (1997): Exergies of Natural Resources in Life Cycle Assessment and Other Applications. Energy 22, 923-931
19. Finnveden G, Albertsson AC, Berendson J, Eriksson E, Höglund LO, Karlsson S, Sundqvist J-O (1995): Solid waste treatment within the framework of life-cycle assessment. J Cleaner Prod 3, 189-199
20. Finnveden G, Moberg A (2005): Environmental systems analysis tools - An overview. J Cleaner Prod 13, 1165-1173
21. Finnveden G (1997): Valuation methods within LCA - Where are the values? Int J LCA 2, 163-169
22. Finnveden G, Hofstetter P, Bare J, Basson L, Ciroth A, Mettier T, Seppälä J, Johansson J, Norris G, Volkwein S (2002): Normalization, Grouping and Weighting in Life Cycle Impact Assessment. In: Udo de Haes HA et al. (eds), Life-Cycle Impact Assessment: Striving towards best practise. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Florida, pp 177-208
23. Finnveden G, Johansson J, Lind P, Moberg Å (2005): Life Cycle Assessment of Energy from Solid Waste - Part 1: General Methodology and Results. J Cleaner Production 13, 213-229
24. Fiscal Affairs Department (2002): Excise Duties Division, Taxation of energy in Sweden, Stockholm
25. Guinée JB (ed) (2002): Handbook on Life Cycle Assessment. Operational guide to the ISO standards. Kluwer academic publishers
26. Goedkoop M, Spriensmaa R (1999): The Eco-indicator '99. A damage-oriented method for life cycle impact assessment. Pré Consultants, Amersfort, The Netherlands
27. Hansen OJ (1999): Status of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) activities in the Nordic region. Int J LCA 4, 315-320
28. Hertwich EG, Hammit J (2001): Decision-analytical framework for impact assessment. Part 2: Midpoints, endpoints and criteria for method development. Int J LCA 6, 265-272
29. Hochschorner E, Hägvall J, Finnveden G, Griffen E, Overcash M (2005): Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of a Pre Fragmented High Explosive Grenade. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (in press)
30. ISO (1997): Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Framework. International Standard ISO 14040. International Organisation for Standardisation
31. ISO (2000): Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Life Cycle Impact Assessment. International Standard ISO 14042. International Organisation for Standardisation
32. Itsubo N, Sakagami M, Washida T, Kukubo K, Inaba A (2004): Weighting across safeguard objects for ECA through the application of conjoint analysis. Int J ECA 9, 196-205
33. Johansson J (1999): A Monetary Valuation Weighing Method for Life Cycle Assessment Based on Environmental Taxes and Fees. Master thesis. Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University
34. Jolliet O, Müller-Wenk R, Bare J, Brent A, Goedkoop M, Heijungs R, Itsubo N, Pena C, Pennington D, Potting J, Rebitzer G, Stewart M, Udo de Haes HA, Weidema B (2004): The ECIA Midpoint - Damage Framework of the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative. Int J ECA 9, 394-404
35. KI (1998): En utvärdering av FNs miljörä kenskapsuppställningar. Värderingsstudier. Miljöräkenskaper Rapport 1998:9. Konjunkturinstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden (in Swedish)
36. Krewitt W (2002): External costs of energy - Do the answers match the questions? Looking back at 10 years of ExternE. Energy Policy 30, 839-848
37. Lanzen M (2005): Uncertainty in Impact and Externality Assessments. Implications for decision-making. Int J ECA (in press)
38. Luftfartsverket (1998): Projekt BARLA. Luftfartsverket, Sweden
39. Mettier TM, Hofstetter P (2005): Survey Insights into Weighting Environmental Damages. Influence of Context and Group. J Industrial Ecology 8 (4) 189-209
40. Moberg Å, Finnveden G, Johansson J, Lind P (2005): Life Cycle Assessment of Energy from Solid Waste - Part 2: Landfilling compared to other treatment methods. J Cleaner Production 13, 231-240
41. Naturvårdsverket (2001): Avgifter, skatter och bidrag med anknytning till miljövård. Report 5155. Swedish EPA, Stockholm
42. Nilsson M, Gullberg M (1998): Externalities of Energy: Swedish Implementation of the ExternE Methodology. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm
43. Nilsson M, Björklund A, Finnveden G, Johansson J (2005): Testing an SEA methodology for the energy sector - A waste incineration tax proposal. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 25, 1-32
44. Pennington DW, Potting J, Finnveden G, Lindeijer EW, Jolliet O, Rydberg T, Rebitzer G (2004): Life Cycle Assessment (Part 2): Current Impact Assessment Practise. Environment International 30, 721-739
45. Regeringen (2001): Sänkt skatt på alkylatbensin. Prop 2001/02:177, Stockholm
46. SCB (2000): Environmental taxes and environmentally harmful subsidies. Report 2000:3. SCB, Stockholm
47. Steen B (1999): A systematic approach to environmental priority strategies in product development (EPS). Version 2000 - General system characteristics. CPM Report 1999:4. CPM, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
48. Turner RK, Pearce D, Bateman I (1994): Environmental economics, an elementary introduction. Harvester Wheatsheaf
49. Udo de Haes HA (ed) (1996): Towards a methodology for life cycle impact assessment. SETAC-Europe, Brussels, Belgium
50. Udo de Haes HA, Wrisberg N (eds) (1997): Life cycle assessment: State of the art and research needs. ECA Documents Vol. 1. Ecoinforma, Bayreuth, Germany
51. Udo de Haes HA, Finnveden G, Goedkoop M, Hauschild M, Hertwich EG, Hofstetter P, Jolliet O, Klöpffer W, Krewitt W, Lindeijer EW, Müller-Wenk R, Olsen SI, Pennington DW, Potting J, Steen B (eds) (2002a): Life-Cycle Impact Assessment: Striving towards best practise. SETAC-Press, Pensacola, Florida
52. Udo de Haes HA, Jolliet O, Finnveden G, Hauschild M, Krewitt W, Muller-Wenk R (1999a): Best available practise regarding impact categories and category indicators in life cycle impact assessment. Int J LCA, 4, 66-74
53. Udo de Haes HA, Jolliet O, Finnveden G, Hauschild M, Krewitt W, Müller-Wenk R (1999b): Best available practise regarding impact categories and category indicators in life cycle impact assessment. Int J ECA 4, 167-174
54. Udo de Haes HA, Jolliet O, Norris G, Saur K (2002b): UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative: Background, Aims and Scope. Int J ECA 7, 192-195
55. Wrisberg N, Udo de Haes HA, Triebswetter U, Eder P, Clift R (2002): Analytical tools for environmental design and management in a systems perspective. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
56. Wu X, Zang ZH, Chen YM (2005): Study of the environmental impacts based on the green tax. Building and Environment 40, 227-237