메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 160-167

Tools for investigating the environmental transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in humans

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FOOD CONTAMINATION; GENOTYPE; GIARDIA; GIARDIASIS; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIAL IDENTIFICATION; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NONHUMAN; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; POPULATION STRUCTURE; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER TREATMENT;

EID: 33645049299     PISSN: 14714922     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2006.02.009     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (162)

References (62)
  • 1
    • 1642515713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium taxonomy: Recent advances and implications for public health
    • L. Xiao Cryptosporidium taxonomy: recent advances and implications for public health Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17 2004 72 97
    • (2004) Clin. Microbiol. Rev. , vol.17 , pp. 72-97
    • Xiao, L.1
  • 2
    • 23644453764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unravelling Cryptosporidium and Giardia epidemiology
    • S.M. Cacciò Unravelling Cryptosporidium and Giardia epidemiology Trends Parasitol. 21 2005 430 437
    • (2005) Trends Parasitol. , vol.21 , pp. 430-437
    • Cacciò, S.M.1
  • 3
    • 0033658151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium: Transmission, detection and identification
    • R. Fayer Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium: transmission, detection and identification Int. J. Parasitol. 30 2000 1305 1322
    • (2000) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.30 , pp. 1305-1322
    • Fayer, R.1
  • 5
    • 0028364913 scopus 로고
    • A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply
    • W.R. MacKenzie A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply N. Engl. J. Med. 331 1994 161 167
    • (1994) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.331 , pp. 161-167
    • MacKenzie, W.R.1
  • 6
    • 0038699574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost of illness in the 1993 waterborne Cryptosporidium outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
    • P.S. Corso Cost of illness in the 1993 waterborne Cryptosporidium outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9 2003 426 431
    • (2003) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 426-431
    • Corso, P.S.1
  • 7
    • 33747345172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: A worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt
    • (in press)
    • Karanis, P. et al. Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. J. Water Health (in press)
    • J. Water Health
    • Karanis, P.1
  • 8
    • 0033394114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults
    • P.C. Okhuysen Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults J. Infect. Dis. 180 1999 1275 1281
    • (1999) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.180 , pp. 1275-1281
    • Okhuysen, P.C.1
  • 9
    • 0001619763 scopus 로고
    • The experimental transmission of human intestinal protozoan parasites. II. Giardia lamblia cysts given in capsules
    • R.C. Rendtorff The experimental transmission of human intestinal protozoan parasites. II. Giardia lamblia cysts given in capsules Am. J. Hyg. 59 1954 209 220
    • (1954) Am. J. Hyg. , vol.59 , pp. 209-220
    • Rendtorff, R.C.1
  • 10
    • 0006819782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Method 1623, Cryptosporidium in water by filtration/IMS/FA. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington. Consumer confidence reports final rule
    • Anon. Method 1623, Cryptosporidium in water by filtration/IMS/FA. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington. Consumer confidence reports final rule Fed. Regist. 63 1998 160
    • (1998) Fed. Regist. , vol.63 , pp. 160
    • Anon1
  • 12
    • 2442606330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete development of Cryptosporidium parvum in host cell free culture
    • N.S. Hijjawi Complete development of Cryptosporidium parvum in host cell free culture Int. J. Parasitol. 34 2004 769 777
    • (2004) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.34 , pp. 769-777
    • Hijjawi, N.S.1
  • 13
    • 2442605588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Cyclospora as foodborne pathogens
    • C. Blackburn P. McClure Woodhead Publishing
    • R.A.B. Nichols, and H.V. Smith Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Cyclospora as foodborne pathogens C. Blackburn P. McClure Foodborne Pathogens: Hazards, Risk and Control 2002 Woodhead Publishing 453 478
    • (2002) Foodborne Pathogens: Hazards, Risk and Control , pp. 453-478
    • Nichols, R.A.B.1    Smith, H.V.2
  • 14
    • 0032694976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food-related illness and death in the United States
    • P.S. Mead Food-related illness and death in the United States Emerg. Infect. Dis. 5 1999 607 625
    • (1999) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.5 , pp. 607-625
    • Mead, P.S.1
  • 15
    • 0036895178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, England and Wales: 1992 to 2000
    • G.K. Adak Trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, England and Wales: 1992 to 2000 Gut 51 2002 832 841
    • (2002) Gut , vol.51 , pp. 832-841
    • Adak, G.K.1
  • 16
    • 0036589174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidium in foodstuffs - An emerging aetiological route of human foodborne illness
    • B.C. Millar Cryptosporidium in foodstuffs - an emerging aetiological route of human foodborne illness Trends Food Sci. Technol. 13 2002 168 187
    • (2002) Trends Food Sci. Technol. , vol.13 , pp. 168-187
    • Millar, B.C.1
  • 17
    • 4744359872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zoonotic protozoa: From land to sea
    • R. Fayer Zoonotic protozoa: from land to sea Trends Parasitol. 20 2004 531 536
    • (2004) Trends Parasitol. , vol.20 , pp. 531-536
    • Fayer, R.1
  • 18
    • 0034007755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis linked to a foodhandler
    • E.S. Quiroz An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis linked to a foodhandler J. Infect. Dis. 181 2000 695 700
    • (2000) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.181 , pp. 695-700
    • Quiroz, E.S.1
  • 19
    • 6444231706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidiosis: An update in molecular epidemiology
    • L. Xiao, and U.M. Ryan Cryptosporidiosis: an update in molecular epidemiology Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 17 2004 483 490
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. , vol.17 , pp. 483-490
    • Xiao, L.1    Ryan, U.M.2
  • 20
    • 0034466698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of species and sources of Cryptosporidium oocysts in storm waters with a small-subunit rRNA-based diagnostic and genotyping tool
    • L. Xiao Identification of species and sources of Cryptosporidium oocysts in storm waters with a small-subunit rRNA-based diagnostic and genotyping tool Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 2000 5492 5498
    • (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.66 , pp. 5492-5498
    • Xiao, L.1
  • 21
    • 34548606197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular investigations into waterborne outbreaks, incidents and events involving Cryptosporidium contamination
    • S. Latham American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Drinking Water Inspectorate and UK Water Industry Research*et al.
    • H.V. Smith Molecular investigations into waterborne outbreaks, incidents and events involving Cryptosporidium contamination S. Latham Workshop on the Application of Genetic Fingerprinting for the Monitoring of Cryptosporidium in Humans, Animals and the Environment 2004 American Water Works Association Research Foundation, Drinking Water Inspectorate and UK Water Industry Research 84 99
    • (2004) Workshop on the Application of Genetic Fingerprinting for the Monitoring of Cryptosporidium in Humans, Animals and the Environment , pp. 84-99
    • Smith, H.V.1
  • 22
    • 0038316492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardia cysts in wastewater treatment plants in Italy
    • S.M. Cacciò Giardia cysts in wastewater treatment plants in Italy Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 2003 3393 3398
    • (2003) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.69 , pp. 3393-3398
    • Cacciò, S.M.1
  • 23
    • 2942595718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes and subgenotypes in raw urban wastewater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
    • I.M. Sulaiman Distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes and subgenotypes in raw urban wastewater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70 2004 3776 3780
    • (2004) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.70 , pp. 3776-3780
    • Sulaiman, I.M.1
  • 24
    • 10444248069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in Giardia: Implications for taxonomy and epidemiology
    • R.C.A. Thompson, and P.T. Monis Variation in Giardia: implications for taxonomy and epidemiology Adv. Parasitol. 58 2004 69 137
    • (2004) Adv. Parasitol. , vol.58 , pp. 69-137
    • Thompson, R.C.A.1    Monis, P.T.2
  • 25
    • 1842506465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of a reverse line blot assay to the study of haemoparasites in cattle in Uganda
    • C.A.L. Oura Application of a reverse line blot assay to the study of haemoparasites in cattle in Uganda Int. J. Parasitol. 34 2004 603 613
    • (2004) Int. J. Parasitol. , vol.34 , pp. 603-613
    • Oura, C.A.L.1
  • 26
    • 0036208498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotyping Cryptosporidium parvum with an hsp70 single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray
    • T.M. Straub Genotyping Cryptosporidium parvum with an hsp70 single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 2002 1817 1826
    • (2002) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.68 , pp. 1817-1826
    • Straub, T.M.1
  • 27
    • 0033946226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and sequence analysis of a highly polymorphic Cryptosporidium parvum gene encoding a 60-kilodalton glycoprotein and characterization of its 15- and 45-kilodalton zoite surface antigen products
    • W.B. Strong Cloning and sequence analysis of a highly polymorphic Cryptosporidium parvum gene encoding a 60-kilodalton glycoprotein and characterization of its 15- and 45-kilodalton zoite surface antigen products Infect. Immun. 68 2000 4117 4134
    • (2000) Infect. Immun. , vol.68 , pp. 4117-4134
    • Strong, W.B.1
  • 28
    • 0036089538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of sequence diversity at the highly polymorphic Cpgp40/15 locus among Cryptosporidium isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in South Africa
    • B.A. Leav Analysis of sequence diversity at the highly polymorphic Cpgp40/15 locus among Cryptosporidium isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in South Africa Infect. Immun. 70 2002 3881 3890
    • (2002) Infect. Immun. , vol.70 , pp. 3881-3890
    • Leav, B.A.1
  • 29
    • 0042530233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecies polymorphism of Cryptosporidium parvum revealed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and RFLP-single-strand conformational polymorphism analyses
    • Z. Wu Intraspecies polymorphism of Cryptosporidium parvum revealed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and RFLP-single-strand conformational polymorphism analyses Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 2003 4720 4726
    • (2003) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.69 , pp. 4720-4726
    • Wu, Z.1
  • 30
    • 0346966131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in Malawi
    • M.M. Peng Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in Malawi J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 50 Suppl. 2003 557 559
    • (2003) J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 557-559
    • Peng, M.M.1
  • 31
    • 0036113917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three drinking-water-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, Northern Ireland
    • S. Glaberman Three drinking-water-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, Northern Ireland Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8 2002 631 633
    • (2002) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 631-633
    • Glaberman, S.1
  • 32
    • 0345269282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiological analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and animals by using a heteroduplex mobility assay and nucleic acid sequencing based on a small double-stranded RNA element
    • F. Leoni Molecular epidemiological analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and animals by using a heteroduplex mobility assay and nucleic acid sequencing based on a small double-stranded RNA element J. Clin. Microbiol. 41 2003 981 992
    • (2003) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.41 , pp. 981-992
    • Leoni, F.1
  • 33
    • 0034018206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microsatellite marker reveals population heterogeneity within human and animal genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum
    • S. Cacciò A microsatellite marker reveals population heterogeneity within human and animal genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum Parasitology 120 2000 237 244
    • (2000) Parasitology , vol.120 , pp. 237-244
    • Cacciò, S.1
  • 34
    • 0036795264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of Danish Cryptosporidium parvum isolates
    • H.L. Enemark Molecular characterization of Danish Cryptosporidium parvum isolates Parasitology 125 2002 331 341
    • (2002) Parasitology , vol.125 , pp. 331-341
    • Enemark, H.L.1
  • 35
    • 0037381370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population structures and the role of genetic exchange in the zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum
    • M. Mallon Population structures and the role of genetic exchange in the zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum J. Mol. Evol. 56 2003 407 417
    • (2003) J. Mol. Evol. , vol.56 , pp. 407-417
    • Mallon, M.1
  • 36
    • 0141605224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum type 2: Population genetics and sub-structuring
    • M.E. Mallon Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum type 2: population genetics and sub-structuring Infect. Genet. Evol. 3 2003 207 218
    • (2003) Infect. Genet. Evol. , vol.3 , pp. 207-218
    • Mallon, M.E.1
  • 37
    • 0038781878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unbiased whole genome amplification directly from clinical samples
    • S. Hosono Unbiased whole genome amplification directly from clinical samples Genome Res. 13 2003 954 964
    • (2003) Genome Res. , vol.13 , pp. 954-964
    • Hosono, S.1
  • 38
    • 0037842776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of isolates of waterborne Cryptosporidium spp. collected during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in South Burgundy, France
    • F. Dalle Molecular characterization of isolates of waterborne Cryptosporidium spp. collected during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in South Burgundy, France J. Clin. Microbiol. 41 2003 2690 2693
    • (2003) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.41 , pp. 2690-2693
    • Dalle, F.1
  • 39
    • 0038559548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophoretic analysis of genetic variability within Cryptosporidium parvum from imported and autochthonous cases of human cryptosporidiosis in the United Kingdom
    • R.B. Gasser Electrophoretic analysis of genetic variability within Cryptosporidium parvum from imported and autochthonous cases of human cryptosporidiosis in the United Kingdom Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 2003 2719 2730
    • (2003) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.69 , pp. 2719-2730
    • Gasser, R.B.1
  • 40
    • 10044274282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic and environmental investigation of a recreational water outbreak caused by two genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in Ohio in 2000
    • E. Mathieu Epidemiologic and environmental investigation of a recreational water outbreak caused by two genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in Ohio in 2000 Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71 2004 582 589
    • (2004) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.71 , pp. 582-589
    • Mathieu, E.1
  • 41
    • 0034460594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiological analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. in the United Kingdom: Results of genotyping Cryptosporidium spp. in 1,705 fecal samples from humans and 105 fecal samples from livestock animals
    • J. McLauchlin Molecular epidemiological analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. in the United Kingdom: results of genotyping Cryptosporidium spp. in 1,705 fecal samples from humans and 105 fecal samples from livestock animals J. Clin. Microbiol. 38 2000 3984 3990
    • (2000) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.38 , pp. 3984-3990
    • McLauchlin, J.1
  • 42
    • 0035108779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nested polymerase chain reaction for amplification of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene
    • S. Pedraza-Díaz Nested polymerase chain reaction for amplification of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene Emerg. Infect. Dis. 7 2001 49 56
    • (2001) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.7 , pp. 49-56
    • Pedraza-Díaz, S.1
  • 43
    • 0031729418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiating human from animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum
    • I.M. Sulaiman Differentiating human from animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4 1998 681 685
    • (1998) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.4 , pp. 681-685
    • Sulaiman, I.M.1
  • 44
    • 0032780936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks and transmission in British Columbia, Canada
    • C.S. Ong Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks and transmission in British Columbia, Canada Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61 1999 63 69
    • (1999) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.61 , pp. 63-69
    • Ong, C.S.1
  • 45
    • 0031254810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic polymorphism among Cryptosporidium parvum isolates: Evidence of two distinct human transmission cycles
    • M.M. Peng Genetic polymorphism among Cryptosporidium parvum isolates: evidence of two distinct human transmission cycles Emerg. Infect. Dis. 3 1997 567 573
    • (1997) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.3 , pp. 567-573
    • Peng, M.M.1
  • 46
    • 0035290990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples of raw surface water and wastewater
    • L. Xiao Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples of raw surface water and wastewater Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 2001 1097 1101
    • (2001) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.67 , pp. 1097-1101
    • Xiao, L.1
  • 47
    • 0242677582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium in raw wastewater in Milwaukee: Implications for understanding outbreak occurrence and transmission dynamics
    • L. Zhou Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium in raw wastewater in Milwaukee: implications for understanding outbreak occurrence and transmission dynamics J. Clin. Microbiol. 41 2003 5254 5257
    • (2003) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.41 , pp. 5254-5257
    • Zhou, L.1
  • 48
    • 0036239829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of eight Cryptosporidium genotypes in surface and waste waters in Europe
    • P.I. Ward Detection of eight Cryptosporidium genotypes in surface and waste waters in Europe Parasitology 124 2002 359 368
    • (2002) Parasitology , vol.124 , pp. 359-368
    • Ward, P.I.1
  • 49
    • 0036158148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources and species of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Wachusett Reservoir watershed
    • K.L. Jellison Sources and species of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Wachusett Reservoir watershed Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 2002 569 575
    • (2002) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.68 , pp. 569-575
    • Jellison, K.L.1
  • 50
    • 0034806370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in environmental water samples by reverse transcription-PCR
    • T. Karasudani Sensitive detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in environmental water samples by reverse transcription-PCR Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 54 2001 122 124
    • (2001) Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. , vol.54 , pp. 122-124
    • Karasudani, T.1
  • 51
    • 0037816434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in United Kingdom noncarbonated natural mineral waters and drinking waters by using a modified nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay
    • R.A. Nichols Identification of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in United Kingdom noncarbonated natural mineral waters and drinking waters by using a modified nested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 2003 4183 4189
    • (2003) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.69 , pp. 4183-4189
    • Nichols, R.A.1
  • 52
    • 0036270347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An IC-PCR method for detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in natural surface waters in Finland
    • R. Rimhanen-Finne An IC-PCR method for detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in natural surface waters in Finland J. Microbiol. Methods 50 2002 299 303
    • (2002) J. Microbiol. Methods , vol.50 , pp. 299-303
    • Rimhanen-Finne, R.1
  • 53
    • 17644384434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotypes of Cryptosporidium from Sydney water catchment areas
    • U. Ryan Genotypes of Cryptosporidium from Sydney water catchment areas J. Appl. Microbiol. 98 2005 1221 1229
    • (2005) J. Appl. Microbiol. , vol.98 , pp. 1221-1229
    • Ryan, U.1
  • 54
    • 0033394114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults
    • P.C. Okhuysen Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults J. Infect. Dis. 180 1999 1275 1281
    • (1999) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.180 , pp. 1275-1281
    • Okhuysen, P.C.1
  • 55
    • 0029109665 scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis: The impact of waterborne transmission
    • H.V. Smith Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis: the impact of waterborne transmission J. Water SRT - Aqua 44 1995 258 274
    • (1995) J. Water SRT - Aqua , vol.44 , pp. 258-274
    • Smith, H.V.1
  • 56
    • 2142813814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimisation of DNA extraction and molecular detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in natural mineral water sources
    • R.A.B. Nichols, and H.V. Smith Optimisation of DNA extraction and molecular detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in natural mineral water sources J. Food Protec. 67 2003 524 532
    • (2003) J. Food Protec. , vol.67 , pp. 524-532
    • Nichols, R.A.B.1    Smith, H.V.2
  • 57
    • 15444364560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of procedures for direct extraction of Cryptosporidium DNA from water concentrates and for relief of PCR inhibitors
    • J. Jiang Development of procedures for direct extraction of Cryptosporidium DNA from water concentrates and for relief of PCR inhibitors Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 2005 1135 1141
    • (2005) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.71 , pp. 1135-1141
    • Jiang, J.1
  • 58
    • 0030809609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomagnetisable separation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from water samples
    • A.T. Campbell, and H.V. Smith Immunomagnetisable separation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from water samples Water Sci. Technol. 35 1997 397 401
    • (1997) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.35 , pp. 397-401
    • Campbell, A.T.1    Smith, H.V.2
  • 59
    • 0029831056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in raw milk by PCR and oligonucleotide probe hybridisation
    • I. Laberge Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in raw milk by PCR and oligonucleotide probe hybridisation Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62 1996 3259 3264
    • (1996) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.62 , pp. 3259-3264
    • Laberge, I.1
  • 61
    • 0031834279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive and rapid detection of viable Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in large-volume water samples with wound fibreglass cartridge filters and reverse transcription-PCR
    • C. Kaucner, and T. Stinnear Sensitive and rapid detection of viable Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in large-volume water samples with wound fibreglass cartridge filters and reverse transcription-PCR Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 1998 1743 1749
    • (1998) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.64 , pp. 1743-1749
    • Kaucner, C.1    Stinnear, T.2
  • 62
    • 0036336926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sensitive semi-quantitative direct PCR-RFLP assay for simultaneous detection of five Cryptosporidium species in treated drinking waters and mineral waters
    • R.A.B. Nichols A sensitive semi-quantitative direct PCR-RFLP assay for simultaneous detection of five Cryptosporidium species in treated drinking waters and mineral waters Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 2 2000 9 15
    • (2000) Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply , vol.2 , pp. 9-15
    • Nichols, R.A.B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.