메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 225-242

Intellectual decline in schizophrenia: Evidence from a prospective birth cohort 28 year follow-up study

Author keywords

Deterioration; High Risk; IQ; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHOOL CHILD; WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE;

EID: 32844457063     PISSN: 13803395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13803390500360471     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (101)

References (75)
  • 3
    • 0021153130 scopus 로고
    • Intelligence in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of the research
    • Aylward, E., Walker, E., & Bettes, B. (1984). Intelligence in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of the research. Schizophr Bull, 10, 430-459.
    • (1984) Schizophr Bull , vol.10 , pp. 430-459
    • Aylward, E.1    Walker, E.2    Bettes, B.3
  • 8
    • 0023037736 scopus 로고
    • Tables for clinicians to use to convert WAIS-R short forms
    • Brooker, B. H., & Cyr, J. J. (1986). Tables for clinicians to use to convert WAIS-R short forms. J Clin Psychol, 42, 983-986.
    • (1986) J Clin Psychol , vol.42 , pp. 983-986
    • Brooker, B.H.1    Cyr, J.J.2
  • 9
    • 0024853040 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of tests and measures used in the neuropsychological assessment of children
    • Brown, S. J., Rourke, B. P., & Cicchetti, D. (1989). Reliability of tests and measures used in the neuropsychological assessment of children. Clin Neuropsychol, 3, 353-368.
    • (1989) Clin Neuropsychol , vol.3 , pp. 353-368
    • Brown, S.J.1    Rourke, B.P.2    Cicchetti, D.3
  • 10
    • 0033448136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal complications, genetic vulnerability, and schizophrenia: The New England longitudinal studies of schizophrenia
    • Buka, S. L., Goldstein, J. M., Seidman, L. J., Zornberg, G. L., Donatelli, J. A., & Denny, L. et al. (1999). Prenatal complications, genetic vulnerability, and schizophrenia: The New England longitudinal studies of schizophrenia. Psychiatric Annals, 29, 151-156.
    • (1999) Psychiatric Annals , vol.29 , pp. 151-156
    • Buka, S.L.1    Goldstein, J.M.2    Seidman, L.J.3    Zornberg, G.L.4    Donatelli, J.A.5    Denny, L.6
  • 11
    • 0002815903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining learning disabilities: The role of longitudinal studies
    • Buka, S. L., Satz, P., Seidman, L. J., & Lipsitt, L. (1998). Defining learning disabilities: The role of longitudinal studies. Thalamus, 16, 14-29.
    • (1998) Thalamus , vol.16 , pp. 14-29
    • Buka, S.L.1    Satz, P.2    Seidman, L.J.3    Lipsitt, L.4
  • 12
    • 0027411454 scopus 로고
    • Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study
    • Buka, S. L., Tsuang, M. T., & Lipsitt, L. P. (1993). Pregnancy/delivery complications and psychiatric diagnosis: A prospective study. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 50, 151-156.
    • (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 151-156
    • Buka, S.L.1    Tsuang, M.T.2    Lipsitt, L.P.3
  • 13
    • 0033931443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective cohort study of genetic and perinatal influences in the etiology of schizophrenia
    • Cannon, T. D., Rosso, I. M., Hollister, J. M., Bearden, C. E., Sanchez, L. E., & Hadley, T. (2000). A prospective cohort study of genetic and perinatal influences in the etiology of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull, 26, 351-66.
    • (2000) Schizophr Bull , vol.26 , pp. 351-366
    • Cannon, T.D.1    Rosso, I.M.2    Hollister, J.M.3    Bearden, C.E.4    Sanchez, L.E.5    Hadley, T.6
  • 14
    • 0029867869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prefrontal neuropsychological impairment and illness duration in schizophrenia: A study of 204 patients in Hong Kong
    • Chen, E. Y., Lam, L. C., Chen, R. Y., Nguyen, D. G., & Chan, C. K. (1996). Prefrontal neuropsychological impairment and illness duration in schizophrenia: A study of 204 patients in Hong Kong. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 93, 144-150.
    • (1996) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.93 , pp. 144-150
    • Chen, E.Y.1    Lam, L.C.2    Chen, R.Y.3    Nguyen, D.G.4    Chan, C.K.5
  • 16
    • 0033830535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological change in young people at high risk for schizophrenia: Results from the first two neuropsychological assessments of the Edinburgh High Risk Study
    • Cosway, R, Byrne, M., Clafferty, R., Hodges, A., Grant, E., & Abukmeil, S. S. et al. (2000). Neuropsychological change in young people at high risk for schizophrenia: Results from the first two neuropsychological assessments of the Edinburgh High Risk Study. Psychol Med, 30, 1111-1121.
    • (2000) Psychol Med , vol.30 , pp. 1111-1121
    • Cosway, R.1    Byrne, M.2    Clafferty, R.3    Hodges, A.4    Grant, E.5    Abukmeil, S.S.6
  • 17
    • 0028854590 scopus 로고
    • Severity of symptoms in chronically institutionalized geriatric schizophrenic patients
    • Davidson, M., Harvey, P. D., Powchik, P., Parrella, M., White, L., & Knobler, H. Y. et al. (1995). Severity of symptoms in chronically institutionalized geriatric schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry, 152, 197-207.
    • (1995) Am J Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 197-207
    • Davidson, M.1    Harvey, P.D.2    Powchik, P.3    Parrella, M.4    White, L.5    Knobler, H.Y.6
  • 18
    • 0032835294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and intellectual markers for schizophrenia in apparently healthy adolescents
    • Davidson, M., Reichenberg, A., Rabinowitz, J., Weiser, M., Kaplan, Z., & Mark, M. (1999). Behavioral and intellectual markers for schizophrenia in apparently healthy adolescents. Am J Psychiatry, 156, 1328-1335.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 1328-1335
    • Davidson, M.1    Reichenberg, A.2    Rabinowitz, J.3    Weiser, M.4    Kaplan, Z.5    Mark, M.6
  • 20
    • 2642699114 scopus 로고
    • The prediction of schizophrenia in infancy: III. a ten-year follow-up report of neurological and psychological development
    • Fish, B., Shapiro, T., Halpern, F., & Wile, R. (1965). The prediction of schizophrenia in infancy: III. A ten-year follow-up report of neurological and psychological development. Am J Psychiatry, 121, 768-775.
    • (1965) Am J Psychiatry , vol.121 , pp. 768-775
    • Fish, B.1    Shapiro, T.2    Halpern, F.3    Wile, R.4
  • 21
    • 0026587012 scopus 로고
    • Infants at risk for schizophrenia: Sequelae of a genetic neurointegrative defect. A review and replication analysis of pandys-maturation in the Jerusalem infant development study
    • Fish, B., Marcus, J., Hans, S. L., Auerbach, J. G., & Perdue, S. (1992). Infants at risk for schizophrenia: Sequelae of a genetic neurointegrative defect. A review and replication analysis of pandys-maturation in the Jerusalem infant development study. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49, 221-235.
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 221-235
    • Fish, B.1    Marcus, J.2    Hans, S.L.3    Auerbach, J.G.4    Perdue, S.5
  • 22
    • 0034661277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and neuropsychological function in schizophrenia: A decline in executive functions compared to normal volunteers
    • Fucetola, R., Seidman, L. J., Kremen, W.S., Faraone, S. V., Goldstein, J. M., & Tsuang, M. T. (2000). Age and neuropsychological function in schizophrenia: A decline in executive functions compared to normal volunteers. Biol Psychiatry, 48, 137-146.
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 137-146
    • Fucetola, R.1    Seidman, L.J.2    Kremen, W.S.3    Faraone, S.V.4    Goldstein, J.M.5    Tsuang, M.T.6
  • 23
  • 24
    • 0027501023 scopus 로고
    • Course of schizophrenia: Neuropsychological evidence for a static encephalopathy
    • Goldberg, T. E., Hyde, T. M., Kleinman, J. E., & Weinberger, D. R. (1993). Course of schizophrenia: Neuropsychological evidence for a static encephalopathy. Schizophr Bull, 19, 797-804.
    • (1993) Schizophr Bull , vol.19 , pp. 797-804
    • Goldberg, T.E.1    Hyde, T.M.2    Kleinman, J.E.3    Weinberger, D.R.4
  • 25
    • 0029118785 scopus 로고
    • Genetic risk of neuropsychological impairment in schizophrenia: A study of monozygotic twin discordant and concordant for the disorder
    • Goldberg, T. E., Torrey, E. F., Gold, J. M., Bigelow, L. B., Ragland, R. D., & Taylor, E. et al. (1995). Genetic risk of neuropsychological impairment in schizophrenia: A study of monozygotic twin discordant and concordant for the disorder. Schizophr Res, 17, 77-84.
    • (1995) Schizophr Res , vol.17 , pp. 77-84
    • Goldberg, T.E.1    Torrey, E.F.2    Gold, J.M.3    Bigelow, L.B.4    Ragland, R.D.5    Taylor, E.6
  • 26
    • 0033948643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of genetic vulnerability and hypoxia on overall intelligence by age 7 in offspring at high risk for schizophrenia compared with affective psychoses
    • Goldstein, J. M., Seidman, L. J., Buka, S. L., Horton, N. J., Donatelli, J. L., & Rieder, R. O. et al. (2000). Impact of genetic vulnerability and hypoxia on overall intelligence by age 7 in offspring at high risk for schizophrenia compared with affective psychoses. Schizophr Bull, 26, 323-334.
    • (2000) Schizophr Bull , vol.26 , pp. 323-334
    • Goldstein, J.M.1    Seidman, L.J.2    Buka, S.L.3    Horton, N.J.4    Donatelli, J.L.5    Rieder, R.O.6
  • 27
    • 0029918481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?
    • Green, M. F. (1996). What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia? Am J Psychiatry, 153, 321-330.
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 321-330
    • Green, M.F.1
  • 28
    • 0015833925 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenic intelligence, symptoms and release from the hospital
    • Hamlin, R. M., & Ward, W. D. (1973). Schizophrenic intelligence, symptoms and release from the hospital. J Abnorm Psychol, 81, 11-16.
    • (1973) J Abnorm Psychol , vol.81 , pp. 11-16
    • Hamlin, R.M.1    Ward, W.D.2
  • 29
    • 0025317526 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits and thought disorder: II. An eight month follow-up study
    • Harvey, P. D., Docherty, N. M., Serper, M. R., & Rasmussen, M. (1990). Cognitive deficits and thought disorder: II. An eight month follow-up study. Schizophr Bull, 16, 147-156.
    • (1990) Schizophr Bull , vol.16 , pp. 147-156
    • Harvey, P.D.1    Docherty, N.M.2    Serper, M.R.3    Rasmussen, M.4
  • 30
    • 0033045762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive decline in late-life schizophrenia: A longitudinal study of geriatric chronically hospitalized patients
    • Harvey, P. D., Silverman, J. M., Mohs, R. C., Parrella, M., White, L., & Powchik, P. et al. (1999). Cognitive decline in late-life schizophrenia: A longitudinal study of geriatric chronically hospitalized patients. Biol Psychiatry, 45, 32-40.
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 32-40
    • Harvey, P.D.1    Silverman, J.M.2    Mohs, R.C.3    Parrella, M.4    White, L.5    Powchik, P.6
  • 31
    • 0029044510 scopus 로고
    • The longitudinal stability of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Mini-Mental State scores at one- And two-year follow-ups in geriatric inpatients
    • Harvey, P. D., White, L., Parrella, M., Putnam, K. M., Kincaid, M. M., & Powchik, P. et al. (1995). The longitudinal stability of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Mini-Mental State scores at one- and two-year follow-ups in geriatric inpatients. Br J Psychiatry, 166, 630-633.
    • (1995) Br J Psychiatry , vol.166 , pp. 630-633
    • Harvey, P.D.1    White, L.2    Parrella, M.3    Putnam, K.M.4    Kincaid, M.M.5    Powchik, P.6
  • 33
    • 0028346370 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenics: Relationship to age, chronicity and dementia
    • Heaton, R., Paulsen, J. S., McAdams, L. A., & Kuck, J. et al. (1994). Neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenics: Relationship to age, chronicity and dementia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 51, 469-476.
    • (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 469-476
    • Heaton, R.1    Paulsen, J.S.2    McAdams, L.A.3    Kuck, J.4
  • 36
    • 0028171814 scopus 로고
    • Child development risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort
    • Jones, P., Rodgers, B., Murray, R. M., & Marmot, M. (1994). Child development risk factors for adult schizophrenia in the British 1946 birth cohort. Lancet, 344, 1398-1402.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1398-1402
    • Jones, P.1    Rodgers, B.2    Murray, R.M.3    Marmot, M.4
  • 37
    • 2942565924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effect of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs on neurocognition in first-episode psychosis: A randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus low doses of haloperidol
    • Keefe, R. S. E., Seidman, L. J., Christensen, B. K., Hamer, R. M., Sharma, T., & Sitskoorn, M. M. et al. (2004). Comparative effect of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs on neurocognition in first-episode psychosis: A randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus low doses of haloperidol. Am J Psychiatry, 161, 985-995.
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 985-995
    • Keefe, R.S.E.1    Seidman, L.J.2    Christensen, B.K.3    Hamer, R.M.4    Sharma, T.5    Sitskoorn, M.M.6
  • 38
    • 0014776993 scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological patterns in chronic schizophrenia
    • Klonoff, H., Fibiger, C. H., & Hutton, G. H. (1970). Neuropsychological patterns in chronic schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis, 150, 291-300.
    • (1970) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.150 , pp. 291-300
    • Klonoff, H.1    Fibiger, C.H.2    Hutton, G.H.3
  • 39
    • 0242552321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual differences between schizophrenic patients and normal controls across the adult lifespan
    • Kondel, T. K., Mortimer, A. M., Leeson, V. C., Laws, K. R., & Hirsch, S. R. (2003). Intellectual differences between schizophrenic patients and normal controls across the adult lifespan. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 25, 1045-1056.
    • (2003) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.25 , pp. 1045-1056
    • Kondel, T.K.1    Mortimer, A.M.2    Leeson, V.C.3    Laws, K.R.4    Hirsch, S.R.5
  • 40
    • 7144252536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor structure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Dimensions of deficit in schizophrenia
    • Koren, D., Seidman, L. J., Harrison, R. H., Lyons, M. J., Kremen, W. S., & Caplan, B. B. et al. (1998). Factor structure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Dimensions of deficit in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 12, 289-302.
    • (1998) Neuropsychology , vol.12 , pp. 289-302
    • Koren, D.1    Seidman, L.J.2    Harrison, R.H.3    Lyons, M.J.4    Kremen, W.S.5    Caplan, B.B.6
  • 42
    • 0031957127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IQ decline during childhood and adult psychotic symptoms in a community sample: A 19-year longitudinal study
    • Kremen, W. S., Buka, S. L., Seidman, L. J., Goldstein, J. M., Koren, D., & Tsuang, M. T. (1998). IQ decline during childhood and adult psychotic symptoms in a community sample: A 19-year longitudinal study. Am J Psychiatry, 155, 672-679.
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 672-679
    • Kremen, W.S.1    Buka, S.L.2    Seidman, L.J.3    Goldstein, J.M.4    Koren, D.5    Tsuang, M.T.6
  • 43
    • 0035884138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IQ and neuropsychological profiles in patients with schizophrenia and normal volunteers
    • Kremen, W. S., Seidman, L. J., Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T. (2001). IQ and neuropsychological profiles in patients with schizophrenia and normal volunteers. Biol Psychiatry, 50, 453-462.
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 453-462
    • Kremen, W.S.1    Seidman, L.J.2    Faraone, S.V.3    Tsuang, M.T.4
  • 44
    • 0022645876 scopus 로고
    • A cross-validation of two short forms of the WAIS-R in a geriatric sample suspected dementia
    • Margolis, R. B., Taylor, J. M., & Greenlief, C. L. (1986). A cross-validation of two short forms of the WAIS-R in a geriatric sample suspected dementia. J Clin Psychol, 42, 145-146.
    • (1986) J Clin Psychol , vol.42 , pp. 145-146
    • Margolis, R.B.1    Taylor, J.M.2    Greenlief, C.L.3
  • 45
    • 0003679737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical Neurogenetics Branch: Intramural Research Program. NIMH
    • Maxwell, M. E. (1996). Family interview for genetic studies. Clinical Neurogenetics Branch: Intramural Research Program. NIMH.
    • (1996) Family Interview for Genetic Studies
    • Maxwell, M.E.1
  • 46
  • 47
    • 0030907028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olfactory identification deficits in schizophrenia: Correlation with duration of illness
    • Moberg, P. J., Doty, R. L., Turetsky, B. I., Arnold, S. E., Mahr, R. N., & Gur, R. C. et al. (1997). Olfactory identification deficits in schizophrenia: Correlation with duration of illness. Am J Psychiatry, 154, 1016-1018.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 1016-1018
    • Moberg, P.J.1    Doty, R.L.2    Turetsky, B.I.3    Arnold, S.E.4    Mahr, R.N.5    Gur, R.C.6
  • 48
    • 0030760077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory and intellectual deficits do not decline with age in schizophrenia
    • Mockler, D., Riordan, J., & Sharma, T. (1997). Memory and intellectual deficits do not decline with age in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, 26, 1-7.
    • (1997) Schizophr Res , vol.26 , pp. 1-7
    • Mockler, D.1    Riordan, J.2    Sharma, T.3
  • 49
    • 0023638471 scopus 로고
    • Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder?
    • Murray, R. M., & Lewis, S. W. (1987). Is schizophrenia a neurodevelopmental disorder? Br Med J, 295, 681-682.
    • (1987) Br Med J , vol.295 , pp. 681-682
    • Murray, R.M.1    Lewis, S.W.2
  • 50
    • 0014324115 scopus 로고
    • An application of the U.S. Bureau of the Census socioeconomic index to a large, diversified patient population
    • Myrianthopoulos, N. C., & French, K. S. (1968). An application of the U.S. Bureau of the Census socioeconomic index to a large, diversified patient population. Soc Sci Med, 2, 283-299.
    • (1968) Soc Sci Med , vol.2 , pp. 283-299
    • Myrianthopoulos, N.C.1    French, K.S.2
  • 52
    • 3042714417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of childhood neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenic patients and their siblings
    • Niendam, T. A., Bearden, C. E., Rosso, I. M., Sanchez, L. E., Hadley, T., & Nuechterlein, K. H. et al. (2003). A prospective study of childhood neurocognitive functioning in schizophrenic patients and their siblings. Am J Psychiatry, 160, 2060-2062.
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 2060-2062
    • Niendam, T.A.1    Bearden, C.E.2    Rosso, I.M.3    Sanchez, L.E.4    Hadley, T.5    Nuechterlein, K.H.6
  • 54
    • 0029946144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors of psychosis: Identifying vulnerable populations premorbidly
    • Olin, S. S., & Mednick, S.A. (1996). Risk factors of psychosis: Identifying vulnerable populations premorbidly. Schizophr Bull, 22, 223-240.
    • (1996) Schizophr Bull , vol.22 , pp. 223-240
    • Olin, S.S.1    Mednick, S.A.2
  • 55
    • 0002310783 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive abnormalities
    • H. J. Eysenck (Ed.), London, England: Pitman Medical
    • Payne, R. W. (1960). Cognitive abnormalities. In H. J. Eysenck (Ed.), Handbook of abnormal psychology (pp. 420-483). London, England: Pitman Medical.
    • (1960) Handbook of Abnormal Psychology , pp. 420-483
    • Payne, R.W.1
  • 56
    • 0019523269 scopus 로고
    • National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity
    • Robins, L. N., Helzer, J. E., Croughan, J., & Ratcliff, K. S. (1981). National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 38, 381-389.
    • (1981) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.38 , pp. 381-389
    • Robins, L.N.1    Helzer, J.E.2    Croughan, J.3    Ratcliff, K.S.4
  • 57
    • 0021471264 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the validity of WAIS-R short forms for patients suspected to have brain impairment
    • Roth, D. L., Hughes, C. W., Monkowski, P. G., & Crosson, B. (1984). Investigation of the validity of WAIS-R short forms for patients suspected to have brain impairment. J Consult Clin Psychol, 52, 722-723.
    • (1984) J Consult Clin Psychol , vol.52 , pp. 722-723
    • Roth, D.L.1    Hughes, C.W.2    Monkowski, P.G.3    Crosson, B.4
  • 58
    • 0031846542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of longitudinal studies of cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients
    • Rund, B. R. (1998). A review of longitudinal studies of cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Bull, 24, 425-435.
    • (1998) Schizophr Bull , vol.24 , pp. 425-435
    • Rund, B.R.1
  • 60
    • 0020773609 scopus 로고
    • Validity of two and four subtest short forms of the WAIS-R in a psychiatric sample
    • Ryan, J. J., Larsen, J., & Prifitera, A. (1983). Validity of two and four subtest short forms of the WAIS-R in a psychiatric sample. J Consul Clin Psychol, 51, 460.
    • (1983) J Consul Clin Psychol , vol.51 , pp. 460
    • Ryan, J.J.1    Larsen, J.2    Prifitera, A.3
  • 61
    • 0020827330 scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia and brain dysfunction: An integration of recent neurodiagnostic findings
    • Seidman, L. J. (1983). Schizophrenia and brain dysfunction: An integration of recent neurodiagnostic findings. Psychol Bull, 94, 195-238.
    • (1983) Psychol Bull , vol.94 , pp. 195-238
    • Seidman, L.J.1
  • 62
    • 0025108903 scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychology of schizophrenia: A neurodevelopmental and case study approach
    • Seidman, L. J. (1990). The neuropsychology of schizophrenia: A neurodevelopmental and case study approach. J Neuropsychiatiy Clin Neurosci, 2, 301-312.
    • (1990) J Neuropsychiatiy Clin Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 301-312
    • Seidman, L.J.1
  • 63
    • 0033918989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of obstetrical complications to cognitive functioning at age 7 in the New England Cohorts of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project
    • Seidman, L. J., Buka, S. L., Goldstein, J. M., Horton, N., Rieder, R. O., & Donatelli, J. et al. (2000). The relationship of obstetrical complications to cognitive functioning at age 7 in the New England Cohorts of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project. Schizophr Bull, 26, 309-321.
    • (2000) Schizophr Bull , vol.26 , pp. 309-321
    • Seidman, L.J.1    Buka, S.L.2    Goldstein, J.M.3    Horton, N.4    Rieder, R.O.5    Donatelli, J.6
  • 65
    • 0034670619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IQ scores of treatment resistant schizophrenia patients before and after the onset of the illness
    • Sheitman, B. B., Murray, M. G., Snyder, J. A., Silva, S., Goldman, R., & Chakos, M. et al. (2000). IQ scores of treatment resistant schizophrenia patients before and after the onset of the illness. Schizophr Res, 46, 203-207.
    • (2000) Schizophr Res , vol.46 , pp. 203-207
    • Sheitman, B.B.1    Murray, M.G.2    Snyder, J.A.3    Silva, S.4    Goldman, R.5    Chakos, M.6
  • 66
    • 0001726222 scopus 로고
    • Mental deterioration in chronic schizophrenia
    • Smith, A. (1964). Mental deterioration in chronic schizophrenia. J Ment Nerv Dis, 139, 479-487.
    • (1964) J Ment Nerv Dis , vol.139 , pp. 479-487
    • Smith, A.1
  • 67
    • 23944508495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for the liability to schizophrenia: Concepts and methods underlying genetic high risk studies of adolescents
    • Stone, W. S., Faraone, S. V., Seidman, L. J., Olson, E. A., & Tsuang, M. T. (2005). Searching for the liability to schizophrenia: Concepts and methods underlying genetic high risk studies of adolescents. J Child Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 15, 403-417.
    • (2005) J Child Adolescent Psychopharmacology , vol.15 , pp. 403-417
    • Stone, W.S.1    Faraone, S.V.2    Seidman, L.J.3    Olson, E.A.4    Tsuang, M.T.5
  • 69
    • 0025766288 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the stability of neuropsychological functioning after acute episodes of schizophrenia: A one-year follow-up study
    • Sweeney, J. A., Haas, G. L., Keilp, J. G., & Long, M. (1991). Evaluation of the stability of neuropsychological functioning after acute episodes of schizophrenia: A one-year follow-up study. Psychiatry Res, 38, 63-76.
    • (1991) Psychiatry Res , vol.38 , pp. 63-76
    • Sweeney, J.A.1    Haas, G.L.2    Keilp, J.G.3    Long, M.4
  • 70
    • 0000385066 scopus 로고
    • Two and four subtest short forms of the WAIS-R: Validity in a psychiatric sample
    • Thompson, A. P., Howard, D., & Anderson, J. (1986). Two and four subtest short forms of the WAIS-R: Validity in a psychiatric sample. Can J Behavioral Science, 18, 287-293.
    • (1986) Can J Behavioral Science , vol.18 , pp. 287-293
    • Thompson, A.P.1    Howard, D.2    Anderson, J.3
  • 71
    • 0025644452 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia followed up over 5 years, and its longitudinal relationship to the emergence of tardive dyskinesia
    • Waddington, J. L., Youssef, H. A., & Kinsella, A. (1990). Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia followed up over 5 years, and its longitudinal relationship to the emergence of tardive dyskinesia. Psychol Med, 20, 835-842.
    • (1990) Psychol Med , vol.20 , pp. 835-842
    • Waddington, J.L.1    Youssef, H.A.2    Kinsella, A.3
  • 74
    • 0023215296 scopus 로고
    • Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia
    • Weinberger, D.R. (1987). Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44, 660-690.
    • (1987) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 660-690
    • Weinberger, D.R.1
  • 75
    • 0031734725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is schizophrenia a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder? Towards a unitary pathogenetic mechanism
    • Woods, B. T. (1998). Is schizophrenia a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder? Towards a unitary pathogenetic mechanism. Am J Psychiatry, 155, 1661-1670.
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 1661-1670
    • Woods, B.T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.