Wheat biotechnology: A minireview

Electronic Journal of Biotechnology

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 38-66

  Patnaik, Debasis ^a   Khurana, Paramjit ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELHI   (India)

Author keywords

Biotechnology; Transgenic wheat; Wheat improvement; Wheat transformation

Indexed keywords

BIOPROCESS; COCULTURE; DNA TRANSFER; DROUGHT RESISTANCE; DROUGHT STRESS; ELECTROPORATION; FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY; GENE FUNCTION; GENE SILENCING; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC MANIPULATION; GENETIC PROCEDURES; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; INSECT RESISTANCE; MARKER GENE; NONHUMAN; NUTRITION; POLLEN; PROTOPLAST; QUALITY CONTROL; REPORTER GENE; RHIZOBIUM; SHORT SURVEY; TRANSGENE; TRANSGENIC PLANT; TRANSPOSON; WHEAT;

AGROBACTERIUM; INSECTA; TRANSPOSONS; TRITICUM AESTIVUM;

EID: 3242713350     PISSN: 07173458     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2225/vol4-issue2-fulltext-4     Document Type: Short Survey

References (175)

1. Altpeter, F.; Diaz, I.; McAuslane, H.; Gaddour, K.; Carbonero, P. and Vasil, I.K. (1999). Increased insect resistance in transgenic wheat stably expressing trypsin inhibitor CMe. Molecular Breeding 5:53-63.
2. Altpeter, F.; Vasil, V.; Srivastava, V.; Stöger, E. and Vasil, I.K. (1996a). Accelerated production of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. Plant Cell Reports 16:12-17.
3. Altpeter, F.; Vasil, V.; Srivastava, V. and Vasil, I.K. (1996b). Integration and expression of the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit 1Ax1 gene into wheat. Nature Biotechnology 14:1155-1159.
4. Alvarez, M.L.; Guelman, S.; Halford, N.G.; Lustig, S.; Reggiardo, M.I.; Ryabushkina, N.; Schewry, P.; Stein, J. and Vallejos, R.H. (2000). Silencing of HMW glutenins in transgenic wheat expressing extra HMW subunits. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 100:319-327.
5. Amoah, B.K.; Wu, H.; Sparks, C. and Jones, H.D. (2001). Factors influencing Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of uidA in wheat inflorescence tissue. Journal of Experimental Botany. 52:1135-1142.
6. Anderson, J.A.; Sorrells, M.E. and Tanksley, S.D. (1993). RFLP analysis of genomic regions associated with resistance to preharvest sprouting in wheat. Crop Science 33:453-459.
7. Autrique, E.; Singh, R.P.; Tanksley, S.D. and Sorrells, M.E. (1995). Molecular markers for four leaf rust resistance genes introgressed into wheat from wild relatives. Genome 38:75-83.
8. Baga, M.; Nair, R.B.; Repellin, A.; Scoles, G.J. and Chibbar, R.N. (2000). Isolation of a cDNA encoding a granule-bound 152-kilodalton starch-branching enzyme in wheat. Plant Physiology 124:253-264.
9. Baga, M.; Chibbar, R.N. and Kartha, K.K. (1999a). Expression and regulation of transgenes for selection of transformants and modification of traits in cereals. In: Vasil I.K. ed. Advances in Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Vol.5. Molecular Improvement of Cereal Crops. Kluwer Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 83-132.
10. Baga, M.; Glaze, S.; Mallard, C.S. and Chibbar, R.N. (1999b). A starch-branching enzyme gene in wheat produce alternatively spliced transcripts. Plant Molecular Biology 40:1019-1030.
11. Bajaj, Y.P.S (1990). Biotechnology in wheat breeding. In: Bajaj YPS ed. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry Wheat, Vol.3. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, USA. pp 3-23.
12. Barro, F.; Cannell, M.E.; Lazzeri, P.A. and Barcelo, P. (1998). The influence of auxins on transformation of wheat and Tritordeum and analysis of transgene integration patterns in transformants. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 97:684-695.
13. Barro, F.; Rooke, L.; Bekes, F.; Gras, P.; Tatham, A.S.; Fido, R.; Lazzeri, P.A.; Shewry, P.R. and Barcelo, P. (1997). Transformation of wheat with high molecular weight subunit genes results in improved functional properties. Nature Biotechnology 15:1295-1299.
14. Becker, D.; Brettschneider, R. and Lorz, H. (1994). Fertile transgenic wheat from microprojectile bombardment of scutellar tissue. Plant Journal 5:299-307.
15. Ben Amer, I.M.; Korzun, V.; Worland, A.J. and Börner, A. (1997). Genetic mapping of QTL controlling tissue-culture response on chromosome 2B of wheat (Triticum aestivum.) in relation to major genes and RFLP markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 94:1047-1052.
16. Bieri, S.; Potrykus, I. and Futterer, J. (2000). Expression of active barley seed ribosome-inactivating protein in transgenic wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 100:755-763.
17. Blechl, A.E. and Anderson, O.D. (1996). Expression of a novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene in transgenic wheat. Nature Biotechnology 14:875-879.
18. Bliffeld, M.; Mundy, J.; Potrykus, I. and Futterer, J. (1999). Genetic engineering of wheat for increased resistance to powdery mildew disease. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 98:1079-1086.
19. Brinch-Pederson, H.; Oleson, A.; Rasmussen, S.K. and Holm, P.B. (2000). Generation of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for constitutive accumulation of an Aspergillus phytase. Molecular Breeding 6:195-206.
20. Bryan, G.J.; Collins, A.J.; Stephenson, P.; Orry, A.; Smith, J.B. and Gale M. D. (1997). Isolation and characterisation of microsatellites from hexaploid bread wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 94:557-563.
21. Bommineni, V.R.; Jauhar, P.P. and Peterson, T.S. (1997). Transgenic durum wheat by microprojectile bombardment of isolated scutella. Journal of Heredity 88:301-313.
22. Cannell, M.E.; Doherty, A.; Lazzeri, P.A. and Barcelo, P. (1999). A population of wheat and Tritordeum transformants showing a high degree of marker gene stability and heritability. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 99:772-784.
23. Chan, M.; Cheng, H.; Ho, S.; Tong, W. and Xu, S. (1993). Agrobacterium-mediated production of transgenic rice plants expressing a chimeric α-amylase promoter/β-glucuronidase gene. Plant Molecular Biology 22:491-506.
24. Chawla, H.S.; Cass, L.A. and Simmonds, J.A. (1999a). Expression of anthocyanin pigmentation in wheat tissues transformed with anthocyanin regulatory genes. Current Science 76:1365-1370.
25. Chawla, H.S.; Cass, L.A. and Simmonds, J.A. (1999b). Developmental and environmental regulation of anthocyanin pigmentation in wheat tissues transformed with anthocyanin regulatory genes. In Vitro Cell and Developmental Biology 35:403-408.
26. Chague, V.; Fahima, T.; Dahan, A.; Sun, G.L.; Korol, A.B.; Ronin, Y.I.; Grama, A.; Roder, M.S. and Nevo, E. (1999). Isolation of microsatellite and RAPD markers flanking the Yr15 gene of wheat using NILs and bulked segregant analysis. Genome 42:1050-1056.
27. Chen, W.P.; Chen, P.D.; Liu, D.J.; Kynast, R.; Friebe, B.; Velazhahan, R.; Muthukrishnan, S. and Gill, B.S. (1999). Development of wheat scab symptoms is delayed in transgenic wheat plants that constitutively express a rice thaumatin-like protein gene. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 99:755-760.
28. Chen, W.P.; Gu, X.; Liang, G.H.; Muthukrishnan, S.; Chen, P.D.; Liu, D.J. and Gill, B.S. (1998). Introduction and constitutive expression of a rice chitinase gene in bread wheat using biolistic bombardment and the bar gene as a selectable marker. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 97:1296-1306.
29. Chen, D.F. and Dale, P.J. (1992). A comparison of methods for delivering DNA to wheat: the application of wheat dwarf virus DNA to seeds with exposed apical meristems. Transgenic Research 1:93-100.
30. Cheng, M.; Fry, J.E.; Pang, S.; Zhou, H.; Hironaka, C.M.; Duncan, D.R.; Conner, T.W. and Wan, Y. (1997). Genetic transformation of wheat mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Physiology 115:971-980.
31. Chong, K.; Bao, S.; Xu, T.; Tan, K.; Liang, T.; Zeng, J.; Huang, H.; Xu, J. and Xu, J. (1998). Functional analysis of the ver gene using transgenic wheat. Physiologia Plantarum 102:87-92.
32. Chibbar, R.N.; Kartha, K.K.; Leung, N.; Qureshi, J. and Caswell, K. (1991). Transient expression of marker genes in immature zygotic embryos of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through microprojectile bombardment. Genome 34:453-460.
33. Clausen, M.; Krauter, R.; Schachermayr, G.; Potrykus, I. and Sautter, C. (2000). Antifungal activity of a virally encoded gene in transgenic wheat. Nature Biotechnology 18:446-449.
34. Crasta, O.R.; Francki, M.G.; Bucholtz, D.B.; Sharma, H.C.; Zhang, J.; Wang, R.C.; Ohm, H.W. and Anderson, J.M. (2000). Identification and characterization of wheat-wheatgrass translocation lines and localization of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance. Genome 43:698-706.
35. Cushman, J.C. and Bohnert, H.J. (2000). Genomic approaches to plant stress tolerance. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 3:117-124.
36. Dale, P.J.; Marks, M.S.; Brown, M.M.; Woolston, C.J.; Gunn, H.; Boulton, M.I.; Mullineaux, P.M.; Lewis, D.M.; Kemp, J.M.; Chen, D.F.; Gilmour, D.M. and Flavell, R.B. (1989). Agroinfection of wheat: Inoculation of in vitro grown seedlings and embryos. Plant Science 63:237-245.
37. Daniell, H.; Krishnan, M. and McFadden, B.F. (1991). Transient expression of b-glucuronidase in different cellular compartments following biolistics delivery of foreign DNA into wheat leaves and calli. Plant Cell Reports 9:615-619.
38. De Block, M.; Debrouwer, D. and Moens, T. (1997). The development of a nuclear male sterility system in wheat. Expression of the barnase gene under the control of tapetum specific promoters. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 95:125-131.
39. Dedryver, F.; Jubier, M.F.; Thouvenin, J. and Goyeau, H. (1996). Molecular markers linked to the leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 in different wheat cultivars. Genome 39:830-835.
40. Demeke, T.; Hucl, P.; Baga, M.; Caswell, K.; Leung, N. and Chibbar, R.N. (1999). Transgene inheritance and silencing in hexaploid spring wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 99:947-953.
41. Demeke, T.; Laroche, A. and Gaudet, D.A. (1996). A DNA marker for the Bt-10 common bunt resistance gene in wheat. Genome 39:51-55.
42. Devos, K.M. and Gale, M.D. (1997). Comparative genetics in the grasses. Plant Molecular Biology 35:3-15.
43. Devos, K.M.; Bryan, G.J.; Collins, A.J.; Stephenson, P. and Gale, M.D. (1995). Application of two microsatellite sequences in wheat storage proteins as molecular markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90:247-252.
44. Devos, K.M. and Gale, M.D. (1992). The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 84:564-577.
45. Dhir S.K.; Pajeau M.E.; Fromm M.E. and Fry J.E. (1994). Anthocyanin genes as a visual marker for wheat transformation. In: Henry, R.J. and Ronalds, J.A., eds. Improvement of Cereal Quality by Genetic Engineering, Plenum Press, New York, USA. pp. 71-75.
46. Duan, X. and Chen, S. (1985). Variation of the characters in rice (Oryza sativa) induced by foreign DNA uptake. China Agricultural Science 3:6-9.
47. Dubcovsky, J.; Echaide, M.; Giancola, S.; Rousset, M.; Luo, M.C.; Joppa, L.R. and Dvorak, J. (1997). Seed-storage-protein loci in RFLP maps of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 95:1169-1180.
48. Dweikat, I.; Ohm, H.; Mackenzie, S.; Patterson, F.; Cambron, S. and Ratcliffe, R. (1994). Association of a DNA marker with Hessian fly resistance gene H9 in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 89:964-968.
49. Eastwood, R.F.; Lagudah, E.S. and Appels, R. (1994). A directed search for DNA sequence tightly linked to cereal cyst nematode resistence genes in Triticum tauschii. Genome 37:311-319.
50. Faris, J.D.; Anderson, J.A.; Francl, L.J. and Jordahl, J.G. (1997). RFLP mapping of resistance to chlorosis induction by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 94:98-103.
51. Feuillet, C.; Messmer, M.; Schachermayr, G. and Keller, B. (1995). Genetic and physical characterization of the LR1 leaf rust resistance locus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Molecular and General Genetics 248: 553-562.
52. Frame, B.R.; Drayton, P.R.; Bagnall, S.V.; Lewnau, C.J.; Bullock, W.P.; Wilson, H.M.; Dunwell. J.M.; Thompson, J.A. and Wang, K. (1994). Production of fertile transgenic maize plants by silicon carbide whisker-mediated transformation. Plant Journals 6:941-948.
53. Galiba, G.; Quarrie, S.A.; Sutka, J.; Morgounov, A. and Snape, J.W. (1995). RFLP mapping of the vernalization (Vrn1) and frost resistance (Fr1) genes on chromosome 5A of wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90:1174-1179.
54. Gao, M. and Chibbar, R.N. (2000). Isolation. charcterization and expression analysis of starch synthase IIa cDNA from wheat. Genome 43:768-775.
55. Gill, K.S. and Gill, B.S. (1994) Mapping in the realm of polyploidy: The wheat model. BioEssays 16:841-846.
56. Guang-Min, X.I.A. and Zhong-Ti, L.I. (1999). Transgenic plant regeneration from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Acta Phytophysicologica Sinica 25: 22-28. Available on the world wide web. (Digital periodical)
57. Hansen, G. and Wright, M.S. (1999). Recent advances in the transformation of plants. Trends in Plant Sciences 4:226-231.
58. Hartl, L.; Weiss, H.; Stephan, U.; Zeller, F.J. and Jahoor, A. (1995). Molecular identification of powdery mildew resistance genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90:601-606.
59. Hartl, L.; Weiss, H.; Zeller, F.J. and Jahoor, A. (1993). Use of RFLP markers for the identification of alleles of the Pm3 locus conferring powdery mildew resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 86:959-963.
60. Harvey, A.; Moisan, L.; Lindup, S. and Lonsdale, D. (1999). Wheat regenerated from scutellum callus as a source of material for transformation. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 57:153-156.
61. Hauptmann, R.M.; Vasil, V.; Ozia-Akins, P.; Tabaeizadeh, Z.; Rogers, S.G.; Fraley, R.T.; Horsch, R.B. and Vasil, I.K. (1988). Evaluation of selectable markers for obtaining stable transformants in the Gramineae. Plant Physiology 86:602-606.
62. He, G.Y.; Rooke, L.; Steele, S.; Bekes, F.; Gras, P.; Tatham, A.S.; Fido, R.; Barcelo, P.; Shewry, P.R. and Lazzeri, P.A. (1999). Transformation of pasta wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) with high-molecular weight glutenin subunit genes and modification of dough functionality. Molecular Breeding 5:377-386.
63. He, G.Y. and Lazzeri, P.A. (1998). Analysis and optimization of DNA delivery into wheat scutellum and tritordeum inflorescence explants by tissue elctroporation. Plant Cell Reports 18:64-70.
64. He, D.G.; Mouradev, A.; Yang, Y.M.; Mouradeva, E. and Scott, K.J. (1994). Transformation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through electroporation of protoplasts. Plant Cell Reports 14:192-196.
65. He, S.; Ohm, H. and Mackenzie, S. (1992). Detection of DNA sequence polymorphisms among wheat varieties. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 84:573-578.
66. Hess, D.; Dressler, K. and Nimmrichter, R. (1990). Transformation experiments by pipetting Agrobacterium into the spikelets of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Science 72:233-244.
67. Hiei, Y.; Ohta, S.; Komari, T. and Kumashiro, T. (1994). Efficient transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mediated by Agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the T-DNA. Plant Journal 6:271-282.
68. Hobbs, S.L.A.; Warkentin, T.D. and DeLong, M.O. (1993). Transgene copy number can be positively or negatively associated with transgene expression. Plant Molecular Biology 21:17-26.
69. Iglesias, V.A.; Gisel, A.; Bilang, R.; Leduc, N.; Potrykus, I. and Sautter, C. (1994). Transient expression of visible marker genes in meristem cells of wheat after biollistic micro-targeting. Planta 192:84-91.
70. Ingram, H.M.; Power, J.B.; Lowe, K.C. and Davey, M.R. (1999). Optimisation of procedures for microprojectile bombardment of microspore-derived embryos in wheat. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 57:207-210.
71. Ishida, Y.; Saito, H.; Ohta, S.; Hiei, Y.; Komari, T. and Kumashiro, T. (1996). High efficiency transformation of maize (Zea mays L.) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nature Biotechnology 14:745-750.
72. Jefferson, R.A.; Kavanagh, T.A. and Bevan, M.W. (1987). GUS fusions: β-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO Journal 6:3901-3907.
73. Jordan, M.C. (2000). Green fluorescent protein as a visual marker for wheat transformation. Plant Cell Reports 19:1069-1075.
74. Karunaratne, S.; Sohn, A.; Mouradev, A.; Janet, S.; Steinbib, H.H. and Scott, K.J. (1996). Transformation of wheat with the gene encoding the coat protein of barley yellow mosaic virus. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 23:429-435.
75. Keller, B. and Feuillet, C. (2000). Colinearity and gene density in grass genome. Trends in Plant Science 5:246-251.
76. Khan, A.A.; Bergstrom, G.C.; Nelson, J.C. and Sorrells, M.E. (2000). Identification of RFLP markers for resistance to wheat spindle streak mosaic bymo virus (WSSMV) disease. Genome 43:477-82.
77. Khurana, P.; Sehgal, A. and Chugh, A. (1998). Transgene interactions in transgenics. In: Srivastava, P.S., ed. Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology-Applications and Prospects. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India. pp. 728-750.
78. Klein, T.M. and Jones, T.J. (1999). Methods of genetic transformation: The gene gun. In: Vasil, I.K. ed. Molecular Improvement of Cereal Crops. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 21-42.
79. Klein, T. M.; Wolf, E.D.; Wu, R. and Sanford, J.C. (1987). High-velocity microprojectiles for delivering nucleic acids into living cells. Nature 327:70-73.
80. Kloti, A.; Iglesias, V.A.; Wijnn, J.; Burkhardt, P.K.; Datta, S.K. and Potrykus, I. (1993). Gene transfer by electroporation into intact scutellum cells of wheat embryos. Plant Cell Reports 12:671-675.
81. Korzun, V.; Röder, M.; Worland, A.J. and Borner, A. (1997). Intrachromosomal mapping of genes for dwarfing (Rht12) and vernalization response (Vrn1) in wheat by using RFLP and microsatellite markers. Plant Breeding 116:227-232.
82. Lagudah, E.S.; Moullet, O. and Appels, R. (1997). Map-based cloning of a gene sequence encoding a nucleotide-binding domain and a leucine-rich region at the Cre3 nematode resistance locus of wheat. Genome 40:659-665.
83. Laufs, J.; Wirtz, U.; Kammann, M.; Matzeit, V.; Schafer, S.; Schell, J.; Czernilofsly, A.P.; Baker, B. and Gronenborn, B.H. (1990). Wheat dwarf virus Ac/Ds vectors: Expression and excision of transposable elements introduced into various cereals by a viral replicon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87:7752-7756.
84. Leckband, G. and Lorz, H. (1998). Transformation and expression of a stilbene synthase gene of Vitis vinifera L. in barley and wheat for increased fungal resistance. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 96:1004-1012.
85. Lee, B.; Murdoch, K.; Topping, J.; Kreis, M. and Jones, M.G.K. (1989). Transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat. Plant Molecular Biology 13:21-29.
86. Li, Z.; Mouille, G.; Kosar-Hashemi, B.; Rahman, S.; Clarke, B.; Gale, K.R.; Appels, R. and Morell, M.K. (2000). The structure and expression of the wheat starch synthase III gene. Motifs in the expressed gene define the lineage of the starch synthase III gene family. Plant Physiology 123:613-624.
87. Li, Z.; Chu, X.; Mouille, G.; Yan, L.; Kosar-Hashemi, B.; Hey, S.; Napier, J.; Shewry, P.; Clarke, B.; Appels, R.; Morell, M.K. and Rahman, S. (1999). The localization and expression of the class II starch synthases of wheat. Plant Physiology 120:1147-1156.
88. Liu, Z.; Sun, Q.; Ni, Z. and Yang, T. (1999). Development of SCAR markers linked to the Pm21 gene conferring resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat. Plant Breeding 118:215-219.
89. Loeb, T.A. and Reynolds, T.L. (1994). Transient expression of the uidA gene in pollen embryoids of wheat following microprojectile bombardment. Plant Science 104:81-91.
90. Lonsdale, D.M.; Lindup, S.; Moisan, L.J. and Harvey A.J. (1998). Using firefly luciferase to identify the transition from transient to stable expression in bombarded wheat scutellar tissue. Physiologia Plantarum 102:447-453.
91. Lorz, H.; Baker, B. and Schell, J. (1985). Gene transfer to cereal cells mediated by protoplast transformation. Molecular and General Genetics 199:178-192.
92. Luo, Z. and Wu, R. (1989). A simple method for the transformation of rice via the pollen tube pathway. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 7:69-77.
93. Ma, Z.Q.; Sorrells, M.E. and Tanksley, S.D. (1994). RFLP markers linked to powdery mildew resistance genes Pm1, Pm2, Pm3 and Pm4 in wheat. Genome 37:871-875.
94. Mahalakshmi, A.; Chugh, A. and Khurana, P. (2000). Exogenous DNA uptake via cellular perneabilization and expression of foreign gene in wheat zygotic embryos. Plant Biotechnogy 17:235-240.
95. Mahalakshmi, A. and Khurana, P. (1997). Agrobacterium-mediated cereal transformation: A critical appraisal. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 35:416-426.
96. Mahalakshmi, A. and Khurana, P. (1995). Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery in various tissues and genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 4:55-59.
97. Mahalakshmi, A., Maheshwari, S.C. and Khurana, P. (1993). High frequency divisions in leaf base protoplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2:61-65.
98. Maheshwari, N.; Rajyalakshmi, K.; Baweja, K.; Dhir, S.K.; Chowdhury, C.N. and Maheshwari S.C. (1995). In vitro culture of wheat and genetic transformation: Retrospect and Prospect. Critical Reviews in Plant Science 14:149-178.
99. Marks, M.S.; Kemp, J.M.; Woolston, C.J. and Dale, P.J. (1989). Agroinfection of wheat: A comparision of Agrobacterium strains. Plant Science 63:247-256.
100. McCormac, A.C.; Wu, H.; Bao, M.; Wang, Y.; Xu, R.; Elliot, M.C. and Chen. D.F. (1998). The use of visual marker genes as cell-specific reporters of Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA delivery to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Euphytica 99:17-25.
101. Meyer, P. (1995). Understanding and controlling transgene expression. Trends in Biotechnology 13:332-337.
102. Mi, Q.L.; Velazhahan, R.; Muthukrishnan, S.; Liang, G.H. (2000). Wheat transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Annual Wheat Newsletter 45 [online]. Available from: http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/awn/45/Textfiles/ USKS.html#anchor367934
103. Mooney, P.A. and Goodwin, P.B. (1991). Adherence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to the cells of immature wheat embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 25:199-208.
104. Mooney, P.A.; Goodwin, P.B.; Dennis, E.S.and Llewelleyn, D.J. (1991). Agrobacterium tumefaciens-gene transfer into wheat tissues. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 25:209-218.
105. Mu, H.M.; Liu, S.J.; Zhou, W.J.; Wen, Y.X.; Zhang, W.J. and Wei, R.X. (1999). Transformation of wheat with insecticide gene of arrowhead proteinase inhibitors by pollen tube pathway and analysis of transgenic plants. I Chuan Hsueh Pao (Chinese) 26:634-642.
106. Muller, E.; Lorz, H. and Lutticke, S. (1996). Variabilty of transgene expression in clonal cell lines of wheat. Plant Science 114:71-82.
107. Myburg, A.A.; Cawood, M.; Wingfield, B.D. and Botha, A.M. (1998). Development of RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the Russian wheat aphid resistance gene Dn2 in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 96:1162-1169.
108. Nehra, N.S.; Chibbar, R.N.; Leung, N.; Caswell, K.; Mallard, C.; Steinhauer, L.; Baga, M. and Kartha, K.K. (1994). Self-fertile transgenic wheat plants regenerated from isolated scutellar tissues from microprojectile bombardment with two distinct gene constructs. Plant Journal 5:285-297.
109. Oard, J.H.; Paige, D.V.; Simmonds, J.A. and Gradziel, T.M. (1990). Transient gene expression in maize, rice and wheat cells using an air gun apparatus. Plant Physiology 92:334-339.
110. Oard, J.H.; Paige, D. and Dvorak, J. (1989). Chimeric gene expression using maize intron in cultured cells of breadwheat. Plant Cell Reports 8:156-160.
111. Ortiz, J.P.A.; Reggiardo, M.I.; Ravizzini, R.A.; Altabe, S.G.; Cervigni, G.D.L.; Spitteler, M.A.; Morata, M.M.; Elias, F.E. and Vallejos, R.H. (1996). Hygromycin resistance as an efficient selectable marker for wheat stable transformation. Plant Cell Reports 15:877-881.
112. Ou-Lee, T.M.; Turgeon, R. and Wu, R. (1986). Expression of a foreign gene linked to either a plant virus or a Drosophila promoter, after electroporation of protoplasts of rice, wheat and sorghum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 83:6815-6819.
113. Pang, S.; DeBoer, D.L.; Wan, Y.; Ye, G.; Layton, L.G.; Neher, M.K.; Armstrong, C.L.; Fry, J.E.; Hinchee, M.A.W. and Fromm, M.E. (1996). An improved green fluorescent protein as a vital marker in plants. Plant Physiology 112:893-900.
114. Parker, G.D.; Chalmers, K.J.; Rathjen, A.J. and Langridge, P. (1999). Mapping loci associated with milling yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Molecular Breeding 5:561-568.
115. Parker, G.D.; Chalmers, K.J.; Rathjen, A.J. and Langridge, P. (1998). Mapping loci associated with flour colour in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 97:238-245.
116. Perl, A.; Kless, H.; Blumenthal, A.; Galili, G. and Galun, E. (1992). Improvement of plant regeneration and GUS expression in scutellar wheat calli by optimization of culture conditions and DNA-microprojectile delivery procedures. Molecular and General Genetics 235:279-284
117. Pingali, P.L. and Rajaram, S. (1999). Global wheat research in a changing world: Options for sustaining growth in wheat productivity. In: Cimmyt. World Wheat Facts and Trends. D.F., Mexico. pp. 1-18.
118. Procunier, J.D.; Knox, R.E.; Bernier, A.M.; Gray, M.A. and Howes, N.K. (1997). DNA markers linked to a T10 loose smut resistance gene in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Genome 40:176-179.
119. Qi, L.; Cao, M.; Chen, P.; Li, W. and Liu, D. (1996). Identification, mapping and application of polymorphic DNA associated with resistance gene Pm21 of wheat. Genome 39:191-197.
120. Rasco-Gaunt, S.; Riley, A.; Barcelo, P. and Lazzeri, P.A. (1999). Analysis of particle bombardment parameters to optimise DNA delivery into wheat tissues. Plant Cell Reports 19:118-127.
121. Razin, A. (1998). CpG methylation, chromatin structure and gene silencing- the three way interacion. EMBO Journal 7:4905-4908.
122. Roder, M.S.; Plaschke, J.; Konig, S.U.; Borner, A.; Sorrells, M.E.; Tanksley, S.D. and Ganal, M.W. (1995). Abundance, variability and chromosomal location of microsatellites in wheat. Molecular and General Genetics 246:327-333.
123. Rooke, L.; Bekes, F.; Fido, R.; Barro, F.; Gras, P.; Tatham, A.S.; Barcelo, P.; Lazzeri, P. and Shewry, (1999). Overexpression of a gluten protein in transgenic wheat results in greatly increased dough strength. Journal of Cereal Science 30:115-120.
124. Roy, J.K.; Prasad, M.; Varshney, R.K.; Balyan, H.S.; Blake, T.K.; Dhaliwal, H.S.; Singh, H.; Edwards, K.J. and Gupta, P.K. (1999). Identification of a microsatellite on chromosomes 6B and a STS on 7D of bread wheat showing an association with preharvest sprouting tolerance. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 99:336-340.
125. Sautter, C.; Waldner, H.; Neuhaus-Url, G.; Galli, A.; Neuhaus, G. and Potrykus, I. (1991). Micro-targeting: high efficiency gene transfer using a novel approach for the acceleration of micro-projectiles. Biotechnology 9:1080-1085.
126. Schachermayr, G.M.; Messmer, M.M.; Feuillet, C.; Winzeler, H.; Winzeler, M. and Keller, B. (1995). Identification of molecular markers linked to the Agropyron elongatum-derived leaf rust resistance gene Lr24 in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90:982-990.
127. Schachermayr, G.M.; Siedler, H.; Gale, M.D.; Winzeler, H.; Winzeler, M. and Keller, B. (1994). Identification and localization of molecular markers linked to the Lr9 leaf rust resistance gene of wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 88:110-115.
128. Schmidt, R. (2000). Synteny: recent advances and future prospects. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 3:97-102.
129. Serik, O.; Ainur, I.; Murat, K.; Tetsuo, M. and Masaki, I. (1996). Silicon carbide fiber-mediated DNA delivery into cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mature embryos. Plant Cell Reports 16:133-136.
130. Seyfarth, R.; Feuillet, C.; Schachermayr, G.; Winzeler, M. and Keller, B. (1999). Development of a molecular marker for the adult plant leaf rust resistance gene Lr35 in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 99:554-560.
131. Shah, D.M. (1997). Genetic engineering for fungal and bacterial diseases. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 8:208-214.
132. Sharma, H.C.; Sharma, K.K.; Seetharama, N. and Ortiz, R. (2000). Prospects for using transgenic resistance to insects in crop improvement EJB Electronic Journal of Biotechnology [online]. 15 August 2000, vol.2n.3, Available from:http://www.ejb.org/content/vol3/issue2/full/3. ISSN 0717-3458
133. Shewry, P.R. and Lazzeri, P. (1997). Molecular approaches to wheat quality improvement. Chemistry and Industry 21:559-562.
134. Shimada, T.; Seki, M. and Morikawa, H. (1991). Transient expression of glucuronidase (Gus) gene in wheat pollen embryos via microprojectile bombardment. Wheat Information Service 72:106-108.
135. Shimoni, Y.; Blechl, A.E.; Anderson, O.D. and Galili, G. (1997). A recombinant protein of two high molecular weight glutenins alters gluten polymer formation in transgenic wheat. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272:15488-15495.
136. Simmonds, J.; Stewart, P. and Simmonds, D. (1992). Regeneration of Triticum aestivum apical explants after microinjection of germ line progenitor cells with DNA. Physiologia Plantarum 85:197-206.
137. Sivamani, E.; Bahieldin, A.; Wraith, J.M.; Al-Niemi, T.; Dyer, W.E.; Ho, T.D.H. and Qu, R. (2000). Improved biomass productivity and water use efficiency under water deficit conditions in transgenic wheat constitutively expressing the barley HVA1 gene. Plant Science 155:1-9.
138. Slattery, C.J.; Kavakli, I.H.; Okita, T.W. (2000). Engineering starch for increased quantity and quality. Trends in Plant Science 5:291-298.
139. Sorokin, A.P.; Ke, X.Y.; Chen, D.F. and Elliott, M.C. (2000). Production of fertile transgenic wheat plants via tissue electroporation. Plant Science 156:227-233.
140. Srivastava, V.; Anderson, O.D. and Ow, D.W. (1999). Single-copy transgenic wheat generated through the resolution of complex integration patterns. Proceedings in National Academy of Science of the United States of America 96:11117-11121.
141. Srivastava, V.; Vasil, V. and Vasil, I.K. (1996). Molecular characterization of the fate of transgenes in transformed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 92:1031-1037.
142. Stachel, M.; Lelley, T., Grausgruber H. and Vollman, J. (2000). Application of microsatellites in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for studying genetic differentiation caused by selection for adaptation and use. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 100:242-248.
143. Stoger, E.; Vaquero, C.; Torres, E.; Sack, M.; Nicholson, L.; Drossard, J.; Williams, S.; Keen, D.; Perrin, Y.; Christou, P. and Fischer, R. (2000). Cereal crops as viable production and storage systems for pharmaceutical scFv antibodies. Plant Molecular Biology 42:583-590.
144. Stoger, E.; Williams, S.; Christou, P.; Down, R.E. and Gatehouse, J.A. (1999). Expression of the insecticidal lectin from snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) in transgenic wheat plants: Effect on predation by the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. Molecular Breeding 5:65-73.
145. Sundaresan, V. (1996). Horizontal spread of transposon mutagensis: New uses of old elements. Trends in Plant Sciences 1:184-190.
146. Takumi, S.; Murai, K.; Mori, N. and Nakamura, C. (1999). Trans-activation of a maize Ds transposable element in transgenic wheat plants expressing the Ac transposase gene. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 98:947-953.
147. Takumi, S. (1996). Hygromycin-resistant calli generated by activation and excision of maize Ac/Ds transposable elements in diploid and hexaploid wheat cultured cell lines. Genome 39:1169-1175.
148. Takumi, S., and Shimada, T. (1996) Production of trangenic wheat through particle bombardment of scutellar tissue: frequency is influenced by culture duration. Journal of Plant Physiology 149:418-423.
149. Takumi, S.; Otani, M. and Shimada, T. (1994). Effect of six promoter-intron combinations on transient reporter gene expression in einkorn, emmer and common wheat cells by particle bombardment. Plant Science 103:161-166.
150. Tanksley, S.D.; Young, N.D.; Paterson, A.H. and Bonierbale, M.W. (1989). RFLP mapping in plant breeding: New tools for an old science. Biotechnology 7:257-264.
151. Tao, W.J.; Liu, J.Y.; Liu, D.J. and Chen, P.D. (1999). Identification of molecular markers linked to the Pm6 gene conferring powdery mildew resistance in wheat. I Chuan Hsueh Pao (Chinese) 26:649-656.
152. Töpfer, R.; Gronenborn, B.; Schell, J. and Steinbiss, H.H. (1989). Uptake and transient expression of chimeric genes in seed derived embryos. Plant Cell 1:133-139.
153. Uze, M.; Potrykus, I. and Sautter, C. (1999). Single-stranded DNA in the genetic transformation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Transformation frequency and integration pattern. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 99:487-495.
154. Vaccino, P.; Accerbi, M. and Corbellini, M. (1993). Cultivar identification in T. aestivum using highly polymorphic RFLP probes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 86:833-836.
155. Vasil, I.K. and Vasil, V. (1999). Transgenic cereals: Triticum aestivum (wheat). In: Vasil, I.K., ed. Molecular Improvement of Cereal Crops. Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 137-147.
156. Vasil, I.K., and Anderson, O.D. (1997). Genetic engineering of wheat gluten. Trends in Plant Sciences 2:292-297.
157. Vasil, V.; Srivastava, V.; Castillo, A.M.; Fromm, M.E. and Vasil, I.K. (1993). Rapid production of transgenic wheat plants by direct bombardment of cultured immature embryos. Biotechnology 11:1553-1558.
158. Vasil, V.; Castillo, A.M.; Fromm, M.E. and Vasil, I.K. (1992). Herbicide resistant fertile transgenic wheat plants obtained by microprojectile bombardment of regenerable embryogenic callus. Biotechnology 10:667-674.
159. Vasil, V.; Brown, S.M.; Re, D.; Fromm, M.E. and Vasil, I.K. (1991). Stably transformed callus lines from microprojectile bombardment of cell suspension cultures of wheat. Biotechnology 9:743-747.
160. Venter, E. and Botha, A.M. (2000). Development of markers linked to Diuraphis noxia resistance in wheat using a novel PCR-RFLP approach. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 100:965-970.
161. Wang, Y.C.; Klein, T.M.; Fromm, M.; Cao, J.; Sanford, J.C.and Wu, R. (1988). Transient expression of foreign genes in rice, wheat and soybean cells following particle bambardment. Plant Molecular Biology 11:433-439.
162. Weeks, T. (2000). Transformation of wheat with the cyanamide hydratase gene (09/518,988). Patent. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. Available on world wide web. http://ott.arsusda.gov/Inv/a518988.html
163. Weeks, J.T.; Anderson, O.D. and Blechl, A.E. (1993). Rapid production of multiple independent lines of fertile transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plant Physiology 102:1077-1084.
164. Werr, W. and Lorz, H. (1986). Transient gene expression in a Gramineae cell line. Molecular and General Genetics 202:471-475.
165. Williams, K.J.; Fisher, J.M. and Langridge, P. (1996). Development of a PCR-based allele-specific assay from an RFLP probe linked to resistance to cereal cyst nematode in wheat. Genome 39:798-801.
166. Williams, J.G.K.; Kubelik, A.R.; Livak, K.L.; Rafalsks, J.A. and Tinget, S.L. (1990). DNA polymorphism amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research 18:6531-6535.
167. Witrzens, B.; Brettell, R.I.S.; Murray, F.R.; McElroy, D.; Li, Z. and Dennis, E.S. (1998). Comparison of three selectable marker genes for transformation of wheat by microprojectile bombardment. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25:39-44.
168. Woolston, C.J.; Barker, R.; Gunn, H.; Boulton, M.I. and Mullineaux, P.M. (1988). Agroinfection and nucleotide sequence of cloned wheat dwarf virus DNA. Plant Molecular Biology 11:35-43.
169. Yang, Y.; Shah, J. and Klessig, D.F. (1997). Signal perception and transduction in plant defense responses. Genes and Development 11:1621-1639.
170. Zaghmout, O.M.F. (1994). Transformation of protoplasts and intact cells from slowly growing embryogenic callus of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 89:577-582.
171. Zaghmout, O.M. and Trolinder, N.L. (1993). Simple and efficient method for directly electroporating Agrobacterium plasmid DNA into wheat callus cells. Nucleic Acids Research 21:1048.
172. Zhang, L.; Rybczynski, J.J.; Langenberg, W.G.; Mitra, A. and French, R. (2000). An efficient wheat transformation procedure: transformed calli with long-term morphogenic potential for plant regeneration. Plant Cell Reports 19:241-250.
173. Zhou, H.; Arrowsmith, J.W.; Fromm, M.E.; Hironaka, C.M.; Taylor, M.L.; Rodriguez, D.; Pajeay, M.E.; Brown, S.M.; Santino, C.G. and Fry, J.E. (1995). Glyphosate-tolerant CP4 and GOX genes as a selectable marker in wheat transformation. Plant Cell Reports 15:159-163.
174. Zhou, H.; Stiff, C.M. and Konzak, C.F. (1993). Stably transformed callus of wheat by electroporation- induced direct gene transfer. Plant Cell Reports 12:612-616.
175. Zhu, Z.; Sun, B.; Liu, C.; Xiao, G. and Li, X. (1993). Transformation of wheat protoplasts mediated by cationic liposome and regeneration of transgenic plantlets. Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 9:257-261.