Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery

Chest

Volumn 128, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 3664-3670

  Gao, Lan ^a   Taha, Rame ^a   Gauvin, Dominique ^a   Othmen, Lamia B ^a   Wang, Yang ^a   Blaise, Gilbert ^a  

^a NOTRE DAME HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Anesthesia; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Cytokines; Inflammatory cells; Neurocognitive dysfunction; Surgery

Indexed keywords

APROTININ; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; HEPARIN; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN; RANTES; SERINE PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; STEROID; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

BRAIN DYSFUNCTION; BRAIN PROTECTION; CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS; COGNITIVE DEFECT; HEART SURGERY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; NEUROPROTECTION; NURSING HOME; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW;

EID: 28144439685     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.5.3664     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. McKhann GM, Goldsborough MA, Borowicz LM Jr, et al. Cognitive outcome after coronary artery bypass: a one-year prospective study. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 63:510-515
2. McKhann GM, Goldsborough MA, Borowicz LM Jr, et al. Predictors of stroke risk in coronary artery bypass patients. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 63:516-521
3. Roach GW, Kanchuger M, Mangano CM, et al. Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery: Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group and the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation Investigators. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:1857-1863
4. Tuman KJ, McCarthy RJ, Najafi H, et al. Differential effects of advanced age on neurologic and cardiac risks of coronary artery operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 104:1510-1517
5. Rolfson DB, McElhaney JE, Rockwood K, et al. Incidence and risk factors for delirium and other adverse outcomes in older adults after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Can J Cardiol 1999; 15:771-776
6. Newman MF, Kirchner JL, Phillips-Bute B, et al. Longitudinal assessment of neurocognitive function after coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:395-402
7. Arrowsmith JE, Grocott HP, Reves JG, et al. Central nervous system complications of cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2000; 84:378-393
8. Hornick P, Smith PL, Taylor KM, et al. Cerebral complications after coronary bypass grafting. Curr Opin Cardiol 1994; 9:670-679
9. Rasmussen LS, Moller JT. Central nervous system dysfunction after anesthesia in the geriatric patient. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 2000; 18:59-70
10. Bekker AY, Weeks EJ. Cognitive function after anaesthesia in the elderly. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2003; 17:259-272
11. Selnes OA, Grega MA, Borowicz LM Jr, et al. Cognitive changes with coronary artery disease: a prospective study of coronary artery bypass graft patients and nonsurgical controls. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 75:1377-1384; discussion 1384-1386
12. Schmidt R, Fazekas F, Offenbacher H, et al. Brain magnetic resonance imaging in coronary artery bypass grafts: a pre- and postoperative assessment. Neurology 1993; 43:775-778
13. Harris DN, Bailey SM, Smith PL, et al. Brain swelling in first hour after coronary artery bypass surgery. Lancet 1993; 342:586-587
14. Rasmussen LS, Sperling B, Abildstrom HH, et al. Neuron loss after coronary artery bypass detected by SPECT estimation of benzodiazepine receptors. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74:1576-1580
15. Arrowsmith JE, Grocott HP, Newman MF, et al. Neurologic risk assessment, monitoring and outcome in cardiac surgery. Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1999; 13:736-743
16. Jones RH, Hannan EL, Hammermeister KE. et al. Identification of preoperative variables needed for risk adjustment of short-term mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: The Working Group Panel on the Cooperative CABG Database Project. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28:1478-1487
17. Abildstrom H, Christiansen M, Siersma VD, et al. ISPOCD2 Investigators: Apolipoprotein E genotype and cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2004; 101:855-861
18. Hsiung GY, Sadovnick AD, Feldman H. Apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype as a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia: data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Can Med Assoc J 2004; 171:863-867
19. Culley DJ, Baxter MG, Yukhananov R, et al. Long-term impairment of acquisition of a spatial memory task following isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in rats. Anesthesiology 2004; 100:309-314
20. Futterer CD, Maurer MH, Schmitt A, et al. Alterations in rat brain proteins after desflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2004; 100:302-308
21. Mackensen GB, Sato Y, Nellgard B, et al. Cardiopulmonary bypass induces neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunction in the rat. Anesthesiology 2001; 95:1485-1491
22. Johnson T, Monk T, Rasmussen LS, et al. ISPOCD2 Investigators: postoperative cognitive dysfunction in middle-aged patients. Anesthesiology 2002; 96:1351-1357
23. Cohendy R, Brougere A, Cuvillon P. Anaesthesia in the older patient. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2005; 8:17-21
24. Jansen NJ, van Oeveren W, van den Broek L, et al. Inhibition by dexamethasone of the reperfusion phenomena in cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 102:515-525
25. Westaby S, Saatvedt K, White S, et al. Is there a relationship between cognitive dysfunction and systemic inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass? Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71:667-672
26. Ohata T, Sawa Y, Kadoba K, et al. Norinothermia has beneficial effects in cardiopulmonary bypass attenuating inflammatory reactions. ASAIO J 1995; 41:M288-M291
27. El Khoury J, Hickman SE, Thomas CA, et al. Microglia, scavenger receptors, and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1998; 19(suppl):S81-S84
28. von Bernhardi R, Ramirez G. Microglia-astrocyte interaction in Alzheimer's disease: friends or foes for the nervous system? Biol Res 2001; 34:123-128
29. McMahon SB, Cafferty WB, Marchand F. Immune and glial cell factors as pain mediators and modulators. Exp Neurol 2005; 192:444-462
30. Matsumura K, Kobayashi S. Signaling the brain in inflammation: the role of endothelial cells. Front Biosci 2004; 9:2819-2826
31. Wan S, LeClerc JL, Vincent JL. Cytokine responses to cardiopulmonary bypass: lessons learned from cardiac transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1997; 63:269-276
32. Wan S, LeClerc JL, Vincent JL. Inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass: mechanisms involved and possible therapeutic strategies. Chest 1997; 112:676-692
33. Minghetti L. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in inflammatory and degenerative brain diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2004; 63:901-910
34. Kyrkanides S, Moore AH, Olschowka JA, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 modulates brain inflammation-related gene expression in central nervous system radiation injury. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2002; 104:159-169
35. Hindman BJ, Moore SA, Cutkomp J, et al. Brain expression of inclucible cyclooxygenase 2 messenger RNA in rats undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 2001; 95:1380-1388
36. Giovannini MG, Scali C, Prosperi C, et al. Experimental brain inflammation and neurodegeneration as model of Alzheimer's disease: protective effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2003; 16(suppl):31-40
37. Anthony DC, Ferguson B, Matyzak MK, et al. Differential matrix metalloproteinase expression in cases of multiple sclerosis and stroke. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1997; 23:406-415
38. Kolb SA, Lahrtz F, Paul R, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in viral meningitis: upregulation of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in cerebrospinal fluid. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 84:143-150
39. Romanic AM, White RF, Arleth AJ, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase expression increases after cerebral focal ischemia in rats: inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 reduces infarct size. Stroke 1998; 29:1020-1030
40. Yong VW, Krekoski CA, Forsyth PA, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases and diseases of the CNS. Trends Neurosci 1998; 21:75-80
41. Tuppo EE, Arias HR. The role of inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:289-305
42. Sparks DL, Gross DR, Hunsaker JC. Neuropathology of mitral valve prolapse in man and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery in adolescent Yorkshire pigs. Neurobiol Aging 2000; 21:363-372
43. Seines OA, Goldsborough MA, Borowicz LM Jr, et al. Determinants of cognitive change after coronary artery bypass surgery: a multifactorial problem. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:1669-1676
44. Yao Y, Chinnici C, Tang H, et al. Brain inflammation and oxidative stress in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer-like brain amyloidosis. J Neuroinflammation 2004; 1-21
45. Cacquevel M, Lebeurrier N, Cheenne S, et al. Cytokines in neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Curr Drug Targets 2004; 5:529-534
46. Green PS, Mendez AJ, Jacob JS, et al. Neuronal expression of myeloperoxidase is increased in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2004; 90:724-733
47. Inaba H, Kochi A, Yorozu S. Suppression by methylprednisolone of augmented plasma endotoxin-like activity and interleukin-6 during cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Anaesth 1994; 72:348-3.50
48. Licastro F, Veglia F, Chiappelli M, et al. A polymorphism of the interleukin-1 beta gene at position +3953 influences progression and neuro-pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2004; 25:1017-1022
49. Maffei CM, Mirels LF, Sobel RA, et al. Cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression during experimental murine cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Infect Immunol 2004; 72:2338-2349
50. Basu A, Krady JK, Enterline JR, et al. Transforming growth factor β1 prevents IL-1β-induced microglial activation, whereas TNFα- and IL-6-stimulated activation are not antagonized. Glia 2002; 40:109-120
51. Basu A, Krady JK, Enterline JR, et al. Cytokine, chemokine and growth factor gene profiling of cultured human astrocytes after exposure to proinflammatory stimuli. Glia 2003; 43:243-253
52. Lane TE, Liu MT, Chen BP, et al. A central role for CD4 (+) T cells and RANTES in virus-induced central nervous system inflammation and demyelination. J Virol 2000; 74:1415-1424
53. Kushi H, Saito T, Makino K, et al. IL-8 is a key mediator of neuroinflammation in severe traumatic brain injuries. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2003; 86:347-350
54. Markewitz A, Faist E, Lang S, et al. Successful restoration of cell-mediated immune response after cardiopulmonary bypass by immunomodulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 105:15-24
55. Lo EH, Wang X, Cuzner ML. Extracellular proteolysis in brain injury and inflammation; role for plasminogen activators and matrix metalloproteinases. J Neurosci Res 2002; 69:1-9
56. Chauvet N, Palin K, Verrier D, et al. Rat microglial cells secrete predominantly the precursor of interleukin-1beta in response to lipopolysaccharide. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 14:609-617
57. Rasmussen LS, Christiansen M, Eliasen K, et al. Biochemical markers for brain damage after cardiac surgery-time profile and correlation with cognitive dysfunction. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46:547-551
58. Iohom G, Szarvas S, Larney V, et al. Perioperative plasma concentrations of stable nitric oxide products are predictive of cognitive dysfunction after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesth Analg 2004; 99:1245-1252
59. Linstedt U, Meyer O, Kropp P, et al. Serum concentration of S-100 protein in assessment of cognitive dysfunction after general anesthesia in different types of surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46:384-389
60. Mathew JP, Grocott HP, Phillips-Bute B, et al. Lower endotoxin immunity predicts increased cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after cardiac surgery: Neurologic Outcome Research Group of the Duke Heart Center; Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Research Endeavors Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. Stroke 2003; 34:508-513
61. Rasmussen LS, Larsen K, Houx P, et al. ISPOCD group. The International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: the assessment of postoperative cognitive function. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001; 45:275-289
62. Grigore AM, Grocott HP, Mathew JP, et al. Neurologic Outcome Research Group of the Duke Heart Center: the rewarming rate and increased peak temperature alter neurocognitive outcome after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2002; 94:4-10
63. Eifert S, Reichenspurner H, Pfefferkorn T, et al. Neurological and neuropsychological examination and outcome after use of an intra-aortic filter device during cardiac surgery. Perfusion 2003; 18(suppl):55-60
64. Wang MJ, Chiu IS, Hsu CM, et al. Efficacy of ultrafiltration in removing inflammatory mediators during pediatric cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1996; 61:651-656
65. Bando K, Pillai R, Cameron DE, et al. Leukocyte depletion ameliorates free radical-mediated lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990; 99:873-877
66. Murkin JM. Etiology and incidence of brain dysfunction after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1999; 13(suppl): 12-17; discussion 36-37
67. de Vroege R, van Oeveren W, van Klarenbosch J, et al. The impact of heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass circuits on pulmonary function and the release of inflammatory mediators, Anesth Analg 2004; 98:1586-1594
68. Giomarelli P, Naldini A, Biagioli B, et al. Heparin coating of extracorporeal circuits inhibits cytokine release from mononuclear cells during cardiac operations. Int J Artif Organs 2000; 23:250-255
69. Zaidan JR, Klochany A, Martin WM, et al. Effect of thiopental on neurologic outcome following coronary artery bypass grafting. Anesthesiology 1991; 74:406-411
70. Ma D, Yang H, Lynch J, et al. Xenon attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunction in the rat. Anesthesiology 2003; 98:690-698
71. Bourbon A, Vionnet M, Leprince P, et al. The effect of methylprednisolone treatment on the cardiopulmonary bypass-induced systemic inflammatory response. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004; 26:932-938