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28044441886
-
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note
-
The compound was subjected to repeated column chromatography, TLC and recrystallization in an effort to minimize the contribution made by the LE fluorescence. Simultaneous analysis was made by time-resolved fluorescence to ensure the absence of a long-lived component in the decay records.
-
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94
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-
28044432805
-
-
note
-
+ in mixtures, even when the latter is present at very low concentration.
-
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-
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95
-
-
28044466013
-
-
note
-
+, and it was assumed, on the basis of Gaussian analyses, that the CT fluorescence is negligible at 510 nm. The CT "pure" fluorescence spectrum was compiled from the Gaussian bands and the two resolved spectra combined to give the best least-squares match to the observed spectrum.
-
-
-
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96
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33845278031
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101
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28044464975
-
-
note
-
(a) It should be noted that the apparent fluorescence maximum differs in acetonitrile (λ ≈ 590 nm), benzonitrile (λ ≈ 560 nm), and propylene carbonate (λ ≈ 570 nm) as shown in Figures 1, 5, and 6. This is due to very slight changes in the equilibrium distribution of LE and CT states in the different solvents. Because of the vastly different radiative rates, a trivial increase in the percentage of the LE state moves the emission maximum towards the blue. Detailed spectral curve fitting shows that the solvent has minimal effect on the actual energy levels of these two states. The equilibrium distribution is also changed slightly on addition of electrolytes such as tetra-N-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate.
-
-
-
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102
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0000371280
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Such effects have been reported earlier for related 9-aryl-10- methylacridinium salts, see: (b) Horng, M. L.; Dahl, K.; Jones, G., II; Maroncelli, M. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999, 315, 363.
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105
-
-
28044463199
-
-
note
-
+ under identical conditions, except for a small red shift.
-
-
-
-
106
-
-
28044456564
-
-
note
-
+ in Oi-saturated acetonitrile has been reported previously but only in the presence of 9,10-dimethylanthracene (ref 20), where electron transfer might compete with singlet oxygen formation. In view of the high quantum yield for singlet oxygen production found here, together with the reinterpretation of the long-lived intermediate species, the mechanism given for the photooxygenation of anthracene derivatives needs to be reconsidered.
-
-
-
-
108
-
-
28044472573
-
-
note
-
The activated process observed at higher temperatures is not too dissimilar from that reported by Fukuzumi et al. (ref 16), allowing for the different solvents, although the derived parameters are different. The real disparity, however, is that whereas our results indicate the onset of an activationless process at low temperature, Fukuzumi et al. (ref 16) reported Arrhenius-type behavior even in frozen media. We have shown previously (ref 17) that the low-temperature EPR results are better explained in terms of a sacrificial photoreaction involving amine impurities in the solvent.
-
-
-
-
109
-
-
28044464055
-
-
note
-
2 at room temperature (ref 22). The phosphorescence lifetime recorded at 77 K in ethanol containing 10% v/v iodomethane is 4 ms.
-
-
-
-
110
-
-
28044444360
-
-
note
-
(a) The reduction potential for one-electron oxidation of mesitylene in acetonitrile is reported as 1.88 V (ref 48b) vs SCE or 2.1 V (ref 48c) vs SCE. In our hands, the oxidative peak is highly irreversible due to a following chemical process.
-
-
-
-
111
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0035812423
-
-
(b) Fukuzumi, S.; Ohkubo, K.; Suenobu, T.; Kato, K.; Fujitsuka, M.; Ito, O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 8459.
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0040959905
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(c) Could, I. R.; Moser, J. E.; Armitage, B.; Farid, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1917.
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115
-
-
28044468022
-
-
note
-
At the highest concentration of anthracene used (5 mM) ca. 15% of the CT singlet state would be quenched, but triplet quenching would be quantitative.
-
-
-
-
117
-
-
28044471397
-
-
note
-
0 = -0.26 eV). The net effect, therefore. is the production of the anthracene π-radical cation by both routes.
-
-
-
-
118
-
-
28044452242
-
-
note
-
2+ does not quench the triplet state under these conditions.
-
-
-
-
119
-
-
0000305114
-
-
Okada, T.; Karaki, I.; Matsuzawa, E.; Malaga, N.; Sakata, Y.; Misumi, S. J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 3957.
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121
-
-
28044438746
-
-
note
-
(a) The apparent temperature dependence in fluid solution can be traced to small changes in the energy gap, connected with frequency changes in solvent librations.
-
-
-
-
123
-
-
28044466466
-
-
note
-
+. There is no mention of CT fluorescence, although this is well documented for related compounds (refs 22, 23, 34).
-
-
-
-
124
-
-
17544377435
-
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Lappe, J.; Cave, R. J.; Newton, M. D.; Rostov, I. V. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 6610.
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125
-
-
28044460329
-
-
note
-
Fukuzumi et al. (ref 16) report this quantum yield as being 0.98, on the basis of a comparative method apparently using anthracene as quencher, but this value is inconsistent with the noted effect of iodomethane.
-
-
-
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