Dosage-dependent effects of Akt1/protein kinase Bα (PKBα) and Akt3/PKBγ on thymus, skin, and cardiovascular and nervous system development in mice

Molecular and Cellular Biology

Volumn 25, Issue 23, 2005, Pages 10407-10418

  Yang, Zhong Zhou ^a   Tschopp, Oliver ^a   Di Poï, Nicolas ^b   Bruder, Elisabeth ^c   Baudry, Anne ^a   Dümmler, Bettina ^a   Wahli, Walter ^b   Hemmings, Brian A ^a  

^a FRIEDRICH MIESCHER INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROTEIN KINASE C ALPHA; PROTEIN KINASE C GAMMA;

ALLELE; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BRAIN MALFORMATION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE; CONGENITAL MALFORMATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMBRYO; EMBRYO DEATH; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENZYME MECHANISM; GENE DOSAGE; GENE FUNCTION; HEART DEVELOPMENT; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; METABOLIC REGULATION; MITOSIS; MOUSE; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NONHUMAN; ORGANOGENESIS; POSTNATAL GROWTH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; SKIN; SURVIVAL; THYMUS;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CELLS, CULTURED; EMBRYO; EMBRYO LOSS; EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, ENZYMOLOGIC; ISOENZYMES; MALE; MICE; MICE, KNOCKOUT; MUTATION; NEURONS; ORGAN SPECIFICITY; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-AKT; SKIN; SURVIVAL RATE; THYMUS GLAND;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 27944493875     PISSN: 02707306     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.25.23.10407-10418.2005     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Alessi, D., M. Andjelkovic, B. Caudwell, P. Cron, N. Morrice, P. Cohen, and B. A. Hemmings. 1996. Mechanism of activation of protein kinase B by insulin and IGF1. EMBO J. 15:6541-6551.
2. Altomare, D. A., G. E. Lyons, Y. Mitsuuchi, J. Q. Cheng, and J. R. Testa. 1998. Akt2 mRNA is highly expressed in embryonic brown fat and the AKT2 kinase is activated by insulin. Oncogene 16:2407-2411.
3. Brazil, D. P., and B. A. Hemmings. 2001. Ten years of protein kinase B signaling: a hard Akt to follow. Trends Biochem. Sci. 26:657-664.
4. Burgering, B. M., and P. J. Coffer. 1995. Protein kinase B (c-Akt) in phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase signal transduction. Nature 376:599-602.
5. Chen, W. S., P.-Z. Xu, K. Gottlob, M.-L. Chen, K. Sokol, T. Shiyanova, I. Roninson, W. Weng, R. Suzuki, K. Tobe, T. Kadowaki, and N. Hay. 2001. Growth retardation and increased apoptosis in mice with homozygous disruption of the akt1 gene. Genes Dev. 15:2203-2208.
6. Chien, K. R., and E. N. Olson. 2002. Converging pathways and principles in heart development and disease: CV@CSH. Cell 110:153-162.
7. Cho, H., J. Mu, J. K. Kim, J. L. Thorvaldsen, Q. Chu, E. B. Crenshaw III, K. H. Kaestner, M. S. Bartolomei, G. I. Shulman, and M. J. Birnbaum. 2001. Insulin resistance and a diabetes mellitus-like syndrome in mice lacking the protein kinase Akt2 (PKBβ). Science 292:1728-1731.
8. Cho, H., J. L. Thorvaldsen, Q. Chu, F. Feng, and M. J. Birnbaum. 2001. Akt1/PKBα is required for normal growth but dispensable for maintenance of glucose homeostasis in mice. J. Biol. Chem. 276:38349-38352.
9. Conway, S. J., A. Kruzynska-Frejtag, P. L. Kneer, M. Machnicki, and S. V. Koushik. 2003. What cardiovascular defect does my prenatal mouse mutant have, and why? Genesis 35:1-21.
10. Datta, S. R., A. Brunet, and M. E. Greenberg. 1999. Cellular survival: a play in three Akts. Genes Dev. 13:2905-2927.
11. Di-Poi, N., C. Y. Ng, N. S. Tan, Z. Yang, B. A. Hemmings, B. Desvergne, L. Michalik, and W. Wahli. 2005. Epithelium-mesenchyme interactions control the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ during hair follicle development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:1696-1712.
12. Dudek, H., S. R. Datta, T. F. Franke, M. J. Birnbaum, R. Yao, G. M. Cooper, R. A. Segal, D. R. Kaplan, and M. E. Greenberg. 1997. Regulation of neuronal survival by the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt. Science 275:661-665.
13. Easton, R. M., H. Cho, K. Roovers, D. W. Shineman, M. Mizrahi, M. S. Forman, V. M.-Y. Lee, M. Szabolcs, R. de Jong, T. Oltersdorf, T. Ludwig, A. Efstratiadis, and M. J. Birnbaum. 2005. Role for Akt3/protein kinase Bγ in attainment of normal brain size. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:1869-1878.
14. Feng, J., R. Tamaskovic, Z. Yang, D. P. Brazil, A. Merlo, D. Hess, and B. A. Hemmings. 2004. Stabilization of Mdm2 via decreased ubiquitination is mediated by protein kinase B/Akt-dependent phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 279:35510-35517.
15. Franke, T. F., S. I. Yang, T. O. Chan, K. Datta, A. Kazlauskas, D. K. Morrison, D. R. Kaplan, and P. N. Tsichlis. 1995. The protein kinase encoded by the Akt proto-oncogene is a target of the PDGF-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Cell 81:727-736.
16. Garofalo, R. S., S. J. Orena, K. Rafidi, A. J. Torchia, J. L. Stock, A. L. Hildebrandt, T. Coskran, S. C. Black, D. J. Brees, J. R. Wicks, J. D. McNeish, and K. G. Coleman. 2003. Severe diabetes, age-dependent loss of adipose tissue, and mild growth deficiency in mice lacking Akt2/PKBβ. J. Clin. Investig. 112:197-208.
17. Hanada, M., J. Feng, and B. A. Hemmings. 2004. Structure, regulation and function of PKB/AKT-a major therapeutic target. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Proteins Proteom. 1697:3-16.
18. Jones, P., T. Jakubowicz, F. Pitossi, F. Maurer, and B. Hemmings. 1991. Molecular cloning and identification of a serine/threonine protein kinase of the second-messenger subfamily. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:4171-4175.
19. Lawlor, M. A., and D. R. Alessi. 2001. PKB/Akt: a key mediator of cell proliferation, survival and insulin responses? J. Cell Sci. 114:2903-2910.
20. Liu, C., W. Liu, J. Palie, M. F. Lu, N. A. Brown, and J. F. Martin. 2002. Pitx2c patterns anterior myocardium and aortic arch vessels and is required for local cell movement into atrioventricular cushions. Development 129:5081-5091.
21. Papaioannou, V. E., and R. R. Behringer. 2005. Mouse phenotypes, a handbook of mutation analysis. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
22. Peng, X.-d., P.-Z. Xu, M.-L. Chen, A. Hahn-Windgassen, J. Skeen, J. Jacobs, D. Sundararajan, W. S. Chen, S. E. Crawford, K. G. Coleman, and N. Hay. 2003. Dwarfism, impaired skin development, skeletal muscle atrophy, delayed bone development, and impeded adipogenesis in mice lacking Akt1 and Akt2. Genes Dev. 17:1352-1365.
23. Scheid, M. P., and J. R. Woodgett. 2001. PKB/AKT: functional insights from genetic models. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2:760-768.
24. Stainier, D. Y., R. K. Lee, and M. C. Fishman. 1994. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31): alternatively spliced, functionally distinct isoforms expressed during mammalian cardiovascular development. Development 120:2539-2553.
25. Tschopp, O., Z.-Z. Yang, D. Brodbeck, B. Duemmler, M. Hemmings-Mieszczak, T. Watanabe, T. Michaelis, J. Frahrn, and B. A. Hemmings. 2005. Essential role of protein kinase 87 (PKBγ/Akt3) in postnatal brain development, but not for glucose homeostasis. Development 132:2943-2954.
26. Watanabe, N., Y. H. Wang, H. K. Lee, T. Ito, Y. H. Wang, W. Cao, and Y. J. Liu. 2005. Hassall's corpuscles instruct dendritic cells to induce CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in human thymus. Nature 436:1181-1185.
27. Yang, Z.-Z., O. Tschopp, A. Baudry, B. Duemmler, D. Hynx, and B. A. Hemmmngs. 2004. Physiological function of PKB/Akt. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 32:350-354.
28. Yang, Z.-Z., O. Tschopp, M. Hemmings-Mieszczak, J. Feng, D. Brodbeck, E. Perentes, and B. A. Hemmings. 2003. Protein kinase Bα/Akt1 regulates placental development and fetal growth. J. Biol. Chem. 278:32124-32131.
29. Yuan, J., M. Lipinski, and A. Degterev. 2003. Diversity in the mechanisms of neuronal cell death. Neuron 40:301-413.
30. Yuan, J., and B. A. Yankner. 2000. Apoptosis in the nervous system. Nature 407:802-809.