An overview of antifungal drugs and their use for treatment of deep and superficial mycoses in animals

Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 240-249

  Hector, Richard F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Amphotericin B; Antifungal; Aspergillus; Azole; Candida; Fluconazole; Fungal; Griseofulvin; Itraconazole; Ketoconazole; Mycoses

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; ASPERGILLUS; CANDIDA;

EID: 27544487965     PISSN: 10962867     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.ctsap.2005.07.005     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. K.A. Moriello Treatment of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats Review of published studies Vet Derm 15 2004 99 107
2. A. Yotsuji, K. Shimizu, H. Araki T-8581, a new orally and parenterally active triazole antifungal agent In vitro and in vivo evaluations Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 1997 30 34
3. D. Andes, K. Marchillo, T. Stamstad In vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new triazole, voriconazole, in a murine candidiasis model Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 2003 3165 3169
4. D. Andes, K. Marchillo, T. Stamstad In vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new triazole, ravuconazole, in a murine candidiasis model Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 2003 1193 1199
5. D. Andes, M.L. van Ogtrop Characterization and quantitation of the pharmacodynamics of fluconazole in a neutropenic murine model of disseminated candidiasis Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43 1999 2116 2120
6. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts. Approved standard NCCLS document M27-A 1997 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne, PA
7. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi. Approved Standard NCCLS document M38-A 2002 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Wayne, PA
8. S.C. Lee, C.P. Fung, J.S. Huang Clinical correlates of antifungal macrodilution susceptibility test results for non-AIDS patients with severe Candida infections treated with fluconazole Antimicrob Agents Chemother 44 2000 2715 2718
9. J.H. Rex, M.A. Pfaller, J.N. Galgiani Development of interpretive breakpoints for antifungal susceptibility testing Conceptual framework and analysis of in vitro-in vivo correlation data for fluconazole, itraconazole, and Candida infections Clin Infect Dis 24 1997 235 247
10. A. Espinel-Ingroff Utility of mould susceptibility testing Curr Opin Infect Dis 16 2003 527 533
11. J.H. Rex, M.A. Pfaller, T.J. Walsh Susceptibility testing Practical aspects and current challenges Clin Micro Rev 14 2001 643 658
12. A. Espinel-Ingroff In vitro antifungal activities of anidulafungin and micafungin, licensed agents and the investigational triazole posaconazole as determined by NCCLS methods for 12,052 fungal isolates Review of the literature Rev Iberoam Micol 20 2003 121 136
13. J.H. Rex, M.G. Rinaldi, M.A. Pfaller Resistance of Candida species to fluconazole Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39 1995 1 8
14. A. Espinel-Ingroff, M. Bartlett, V. Chaturvedi National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Optimal susceptibility testing conditions for detection of azole resistance in Aspergillus spp.: NCCLS collaborative evaluation Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45 2001 1828 1835
15. M.A. Pfaller, S.A. Messer, K. Mills In vitro susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi Comparison of Etest and reference microdilution methods for determining itraconazole MICs J Clin Microbiol 38 2000 3359 3361
16. D.J. Diekema, S.A. Messer, R.J. Hollis Activities of caspofungin, itraconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against 448 recent clinical isolates of filamentous fungi J Clin Microbiol 41 2003 3623 3626
17. S. Matsuoka, M. Murata Cholesterol markedly reduces ion permeability induced by membrane-bound amphotericin B Biochim Biophys Acta 1564 2002 429 434
18. K.M. Wasan, A.L. Kennedy, S.M. Cassidy Pharmacokinetics, distribution in serum lipoproteins and tissues, and renal toxicities of amphotericin B and amphotericin B lipid complex in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit model Single-dose studies Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42 1998 3146 3152
19. T. Nakai, J. Uno, F. Ikeda In vitro antifungal activity of Micafungin (FK463) against dimorphic fungi Comparison of yeast-like and mycelial forms Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47 2003 1376 1381
20. S. Arikan, M. Lozano-Chiu, V. Paetznick Microdilution susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, itraconazole, and voriconazole against clinical isolates of Aspergillus and Fusarium species J Clin Microbiol 37 1999 3946 3951
21. R.D. Meyer Current role of therapy with amphotericin B Clin Infect Dis 14 suppl 1 1992 S154 S160
22. C.L. Terrell, C.E. Hughes Antifungal agents used for deep-seated mycotic infections Mayo Clin Proc 67 1992 69 91
23. D.J. Drutz, R.I. Lehrer Development of amphotericin B-resistant Candida tropicalis in a patient with defective leukocyte function Am J Med Sci 1978 276 1978 77 92
24. D. Pappagianis, M.S. Collins, R. Hector Development of resistance to amphotericin B in Candida lusitaniae infecting a human Antimicrob Agents Chemother 16 1979 123 126
25. J.D. Dick, W.G. Merz, R. Saral Incidence of polyene-resistant yeasts recovered from clinical specimens Antimicrob Agents Chemother 18 1980 158 163
26. A. Louie, P. Banerjee, W. Liu Impact of the order of initiation of fluconazole and amphotericin B in sequential or combination therapy on killing of Candida albicans in vitro and in a rabbit model of endocarditis and pyelonephritis Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45 2001 485 494
27. R.E. Lewis, R.A. Prince, J. Chi Itraconazole preexposure attenuated the efficacy of subsequent amphotericin B therapy in a murine model of acute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46 2002 3208 3214
28. I. Bekersky, R.M. Fielding, D.E. Dressler Plasma protein binding of amphotericin B and pharmacokinetics of bound versus unbound amphotericin B after administration of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) and amphotericin B deoxycholate Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46 2002 834 840
29. B. Dupont Overview of the lipid formulations of amphotericin B J Antimicrob Chemother 49 suppl 1 2002 31 36
30. I. Bekersky, G.W. Boswell, R. Hiles Safety and toxicokinetics of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) in beagle dogs Pharm Res 16 1999 1694 1701
31. I. Bekersky, R.M. Fielding, D.E. Dressler Pharmacokinetics, excretion, and mass balance of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) and amphotericin B deoxycholate in humans Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46 2002 828 834
32. H. VanDen Bossche, M. Engelen, R. Rochette Antifungal agents of use in animal health- chemical, biochemical and pharmacological aspects J Vet Pharmacol Therap 26 2003 5 29
33. R. Brasseur, C. Vandenbosch, H. Van den Bossche, J.M. Ruysschaert Mode of insertion of miconazole, ketoconazole and deacylated ketoconazole in lipid layers. A conformational analysis Biochem Pharmacol 32 1983 2175 2180
34. H. Vanden Bossche Mode of action of pyridine, pyrimidine and azole antifungals D. Berg M. Plempel Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors 1988 Ellis Horwood Ltd Chichester, England 79 119
35. K.G. Mathews, A.P. Davidson, P.D. Koblik Comparison of topical administration of clotrimazole through surgically placed versus nonsurgically placed catheters for treatment of nasal aspergillosis in dogs 60 cases (1990-1996) J Am Vet Med Assoc 213 1998 501 506
36. J.L. Zonderland, C.K. Stork, J.H. Saunders Intranasal infusion of enilconazole for treatment of sinonasal aspergillosis in dogs J Am Vet Med Assoc 221 2002 1421 1425
37. M.J. Humphrey, S. Jevons, M.H. Tarbit Pharmacokinetic evaluation of UK-49,858, a metabolically stable triazole antifungal drug, in animals and humans Antimicrob Agents Chemother 28 1985 648 653
38. J.A. Como, W.E. Dismukes Oral azole drugs as systemic antifungal therapy N Engl J Med 330 1994 263 272
39. S. Ripa, L. Ferrante, M. Prenna Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in normal volunteers Chemotherapy 39 1993 6 12
40. S.L. Vaden, M.C. Heit, E.C. Hawkins Fluconazole in cats Pharmacokinetics following intravenous and oral administration and penetration into cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humour and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid J Vet Pharmacol Ther 20 1997 181 186
41. F.G. Latimer, C.M. Colitz, N.B. Campbell Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole following intravenous and oral administration and body fluid concentrations of fluconazole following repeated oral dosing in horses Am J Vet Res 62 2001 1606 1611
42. A.J. Craig, I. Ramzan, R. Malik Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in cats after intravenous and oral administration Res Vet Sci 57 1994 372 376
43. K.M. Mallo, C.A. Harms, G.A. Lewbart Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after single intravenous and subcutaneous injections, and multiple subcutaneous injections J Zoo Wildl Med 33 2002 29 35
44. M.A. Pfaller, S.A. Messer, L. Boyken Cross-resistance between fluconazole and ravuconazole and the use of fluconazole as a surrogate marker to predict susceptibility and resistance to ravuconazole among 12,796 clinical isolates of Candida spp J Clin Microbiol 42 2004 3137 3141
45. M.A. Pfaller, S.A. Messer, L. Boyken Evaluation of the NCCLS M44-P disk diffusion method for determining susceptibilities of 276 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans to fluconazole J Clin Microbiol 42 2004 380 383
46. G.G. Zhanel, D.G. Saunders, D.J. Hoban Influence of human serum on antifungal pharmacodynamics with Candida albicans Antimicrob Agents Chemother 45 2001 2018 2022
47. A. Espinel-Ingroff, K. Dawson, M. Pfaller Comparative and collaborative evaluation of standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing for filamentous fungi Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39 1995 314 319
48. G.P. Bodey Azole antifungal agents Clin Infect Dis 14 suppl 1 1992 S161 S169
49. J.N. Galgiani Coccidioidomycosis West J Med 159 1993 153 171
50. J.N. Galgiani, A. Catanzaro, G.A. Cloud Comparison of oral fluconazole and itraconazole for progressive, nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis. A randomized, double-blind trial. Mycoses Study Group Ann Intern Med 7;133 2000 676 686
51. J. Wheat, S. MaWhinney, R. Hafner Treatment of histoplasmosis with fluconazole in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Am J Med 103 1997 223 232
52. P.G. Pappas, R.W. Bradsher, C.A. Kauffman Treatment of blastomycosis with higher doses of fluconazole Clin Infect Dis 25 1997 200 205
53. C.A. Kauffman, P.G. Pappas, D.S. McKinsey Treatment of lymphocutaneous and visceral sporotrichosis with fluconazole Clin Infect Dis 22 1996 46 50
54. O. Lortholary, D.W. Denning, B. Dupont Endemic mycoses A treatment update J Antimicrob Chemother 43 1999 321 331
55. M. Schafer-Korting, H.C. Korting Influence of albumin on itraconazole and ketoconazole antifungal activity Results of a dynamic in vitro study Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35 1991 2053 2056
56. L. Willem, R. van der Geest, K. de Beule Itraconazole oral solution and intravenous formulations A review of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics J Clin Pharm Ther 26 2001 159 169
57. E.M. Bailey, D.J. Krakovsky, M.J. Rybak The triazole antifungal agents A review of itraconazole and fluconazole Pharmacotherapy 10 1990 146 153
58. J.M. Poirier, G. Cheymol Optimization of itraconazole therapy using target drug concentrations Clin Pharmacokinet 35 1998 461 473
59. A.M. Legendre, B.W. Rohrbach, R.L. Toal Treatment of blastomycosis with itraconazole in 112 dogs J Vet Intern Med 10 1996 365 371
60. V.J. Van de Velde, A.P. Van Peer, J.J. Heykants Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of a new hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin formulation of itraconazole Pharmacotherapy 16 1996 424 428
61. D.J. Sheehan, C.A. Hitchcock, C.M. Sibley Current and emerging azole antifungal agents Clin Microbiol Rev 12 1999 40 79
62. S. Colombo, L. Cornegliani, A. Vercelli Efficacy of itraconazole as a combined continuous/pulse therapy in feline dermatophytosis Preliminary results in nine cases Vet Dermatol 12 2001 347 350
63. F. Mancianti, F. Pedonese, C. Zullino Efficacy of oral administration of itraconazole to cats with dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum canis J Am Vet Med Assoc 213 1998 993 995
64. K.A. Moriello, D.J. DeBoer Efficacy of griseofulvin and itraconazole in the treatment of experimentally induced dermatophytosis in cats J Am Vet Med Assoc 207 1995 439 444
65. G. Cauwenbergh, H. Degreef, J. Heykants Pharmacokinetic profile of orally administered itraconazole in human skin J Am Acad Dermatol 18 1988 263 268
66. L. Matthieu, P. De Doncker, G. Cauwenbergh Itraconazole penetrates the nail via the nail matrix and the nail bed An investigation in onychomycosis Clin Exp Dermatol 16 1991 374 376
67. K. Matuszewski, J. Park Itraconazole pulse therapy for onychomycosis J Pharm Practice 10 1997 101 104
68. L. Medleau, G.J. Jacobs, M.A. Marks Itraconazole for the treatment of cryptococcosis in cats J Vet Intern Med 9 1995 39 42
69. M.S. Saag, R.J. Graybill, R.A. Larsen Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Infectious Diseases Society of America Clin Infect Dis 30 2000 710 718
70. C.A. Kauffman Role of azoles in antifungal therapy Clin Infect Dis 22 suppl 2 1996 S148 S153
71. K.A. Arceneaux, J. Taboada, G. Hosgood Blastomycosis in dogs 115 cases (1980-1995) J Am Vet Med Assoc 213 1998 658 664
72. R.D. Hodges, A.M. Legendre, L.G. Adams Itraconazole for the treatment of histoplasmosis in cats J Vet Intern Med 8 1994 409 413
73. M. Schafer-Korting, H.C. Korting, F. Amann Influence of albumin on itraconazole and ketoconazole antifungal activity Results of a dynamic in vitro study Antimicrob Agents Chemother 35 1991 2053 2056
74. R.C. Heel Ketoconazole Pharmacological profile E. Drouhet R.J. Hay H.E. Jones Ketoconazole in the Management of Fungal Disease 1982 ADIS Press New York 55 77
75. J.G. Baxter, C. Brass, J.J. Schentag Pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole administered intravenously to dogs and orally as tablet and solution to humans and dogs J Pharm Sci 75 1986 443 447
76. A.M. Sugar, S.G. Alsip, J.N. Galgiani Pharmacology and toxicity of high-dose ketoconazole Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31 1987 1874 1878
77. M. Prades, M.P. Brown, R. Gronwall Body fluid and endometrial concentrations of ketoconazole in mares after intravenous injection or repeated gavages Equine Vet J 21 1989 211 214
78. R.A. Fromtling, J.N. Galgiani, M.A. Pfaller Multicenter evaluation of a broth macrodilution antifungal susceptibility test for yeasts Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37 1993 39 45
79. N.J. Sharp, M. Sullivan Use of ketoconazole in the treatment of canine nasal aspergillosis J Am Vet Med Assoc 194 1989 782 786
80. G. St-Germain, C. Dion, A. Espinel-Ingroff Ketoconazole and itraconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates from patients infected with HIV J Antimicrob Chemother 36 1995 109 118
81. Y.M. Ma, Z.Q. Ma, C.Q. Gui Hepatotoxicity and toxicokinetics of ketoconazole in rabbits Acta Pharmacol Sin 24 2003 778 782
82. J. Guillot, E. Bensignor, F. Jankowski Comparative efficacies of oral ketoconazole and terbinafine for reducing Malassezia population sizes on the skin of Basset Hounds Vet Dermatol 14 2003 153 157
83. D. Robson Review of the pharmacokinetics, interactions and adverse reactions of cyclosporine in people, dogs and cats Vet Rec 152 2003 739 748
84. S.J. Roffey, S. Cole, P. Comby The disposition of voriconazole in mouse, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, dog, and human Drug Metab Dispos 31 2003 731 741
85. R. Herbrecht, D.W. Denning, T.F. Patterson Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis N Engl J Med 347 2002 408 415
86. R. Malik, A.J. Craig, D.I. Wigney Combination chemotherapy of canine and feline cryptococcosis using subcutaneously administered amphotericin B Aust Vet J 73 1996 124 128
87. W.E. Dismukes, G. Cloud, H.A. Gallis Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with combination amphotericin B and flucytosine for four as compared with six weeks N Engl J Med 317 1987 334 341
88. R.F. Hector Compounds active against cell walls of medically important fungi Clin Microbiol Rev 6 1993 1 21
89. M.B. Kurtz, G. Abruzzo, A. Flattery Characterization of echinocandin-resistant mutants of Candida albicans Genetic, biochemical, and virulence studies Infect Immun 64 1996 3244 3251
90. E.A. Stone, H.B. Fung, H.L. Kirschenbaum Caspofungin An echinocandin antifungal agent Clin Ther 24 2002 351 377
91. A.H. Groll, T.J. Walsh Caspofungin Pharmacology, safety and therapeutic potential in superficial and invasive fungal infections Expert Opin Investig Drugs 10 2001 1545 5158
92. M.A. Pfaller, S.A. Messer, L. Boyken Further standardization of broth microdilution methodology for in vitro susceptibility testing of caspofungin against Candida species by use of an international collection of more than 3,000 clinical isolates J Clin Microbiol 42 2004 3117 3119
93. A. Espinel-Ingroff Evaluation of broth microdilution testing parameters and agar diffusion Etest procedure for testing susceptibilities of Aspergillus spp. to caspofungin acetate (MK-0991) J Clin Microbiol 41 2003 403 409
94. S.C. Deresinski, D.A. Stevens Caspofungin Clin Infect Dis 36 2003 1445 1457
95. F. Mancianti, F. Pedonese, F. Millanta Efficacy of oral terbinafine in feline dermatophytosis due to Microsporum canis J Feline Med Surg 1 1999 37 41
96. J. Faergemann, H. Zehender, L. Millerioux Levels of terbinafine in plasma, stratus corneum, dermis-epidermis (without stratum corneum), sebum, hair and nails during and after 250 mg terbinafine orally once daily for 7 and 14 days Clin Exper Dermatol 19 1994 121 126
97. T. Kotnik Drug efficacy of terbinafine hydrochloride (Lamisil) during oral treatment of cats experimentally infected with Microsporum canis J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 49 2002 120 122
98. B. Hofbauer, I. Leitner, N.S. Ryder In vitro susceptibility of Microsporum canis and other dermatophyte isolates from veterinary infections during therapy with terbinafine or griseofulvin Med Mycol 40 2002 179 183
99. R.J. Hay Therapeutic potential of terbinafine in subcutaneous and systemic mycoses Br J Dermatol 141 suppl 1999 36 40
100. H. Mieth In vitro and in vivo activities of terbinafine J.W. Rippon R.A. Fromtling Cutaneous Antifungal Agents 1993 Marcel Dekker New York 137 149
101. M. Hall, C. Monka, P. Krupp Safety of oral terbinafine Results of a postmarketing surveillance study in 25,884 patients Arch Dermatol 133 1997 1213 1219
102. K. Gull, A.P.J. Trinci Griseofulvin inhibits fungal mitosis Nature 244 1973 292 294
103. A. Polak Mode of action studies J.F. Ryley Chemotherapy of Fungal Diseases 1990 Springer Verlag Berlin 153 182
104. C.J. Jessup, J. Warner, N. Isham Antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes Establishing a medium for inducing conidial growth and evaluation of susceptibility of clinical isolates J Clin Microbiol 38 2000 341 344
105. A. Wildfeuer, H.P. Seidl, I. Paule In vitro evaluation of voriconazole against clinical isolates of yeasts, moulds and dermatophytes in comparison with itraconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and griseofulvin Mycoses 41 1998 309 319
106. H.C. Korting, M. Schafer-Korting, H. Zienicke Treatment of tinea unguium with medium and high doses of ultramicrosize griseofulvin compared with that with itraconazole Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37 1993 2064 2068