Caspofungin

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 36, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 1445-1457

  Deresinski, Stanley C ^b   Stevens, David A ^a  

^a SANTA CLARA VALLEY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; BETA 1,3 GLUCAN; CARBAMAZEPINE; CASPOFUNGIN; CYCLOSPORIN; DEXAMETHASONE; EFAVIRENZ; GLUCURONIDE; ITRACONAZOLE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID; NEVIRAPINE; PHENYTOIN; POLYENE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; PYRROLE DERIVATIVE; RIFAMPICIN; TACROLIMUS; VORICONAZOLE;

ALLERGIC REACTION; ANAPHYLAXIS; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ASPERGILLOSIS; CANDIDIASIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG ANTAGONISM; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG COST; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG FORMULARY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; EOSINOPHILIA; FEVER; FLUSHING; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HEADACHE; HUMAN; LIVER TOXICITY; MYCOSIS; NAUSEA; NEPHROTOXICITY; PHLEBITIS; PNEUMOCYSTOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; VOMITING;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; ASPERGILLOSIS; ASPERGILLUS; CANDIDA; CANDIDIASIS; CELL WALL; CLINICAL TRIALS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; PEPTIDES; PEPTIDES, CYCLIC;

EID: 0038129834     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/375080     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. Onishi J, Meinz M, Thompson J, et al. Discovery of novel antifungal (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:368-77.
2. Kurtz MB, Rex JH. Glucan synthase inhibitors as antifungal agents. Adv Protein Chem 2001; 56:423-75.
3. Douglas CM. Fungal β(1,3)-D-glucan synthesis. Med Mycol 2001; 39(Suppl 1):55-66.
4. Cancidas [package insert]. Rahway, NJ: Merck, 2003.
5. Cabib E, Roh DH, Schmidt M, et al. The yeast cell wall and septum as paradigms of cell growth and morphogenesis. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:19679-862.
6. Fleet GH. Composition and structure of yeast cell walls. Curr Top Med Mycol 1985; 1:24-56.
7. Chaffin WL, López-Ribot IL, Casanova M, et al. Cell wall and secreted proteins of Candida albicans: identification, function, and expression. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 1998; 62:130-80.
8. Beauvais A, Bruneau JM, Mol PC, et al. Glucan synthase complex of Aspergillus fumigatus. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:2273-9.
9. Beauvais A, Latgé JP. Membrane and cell wall targets in Aspergillus fumigatus. Drug Resist Updat 2001; 4:38-49.
10. Fontaine T, Simenel C, Dubreucq G, et al. Molecular organization of the alkali-insoluble fraction of Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:27594-607.
11. Bernard M, Latgé JP. Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall: composition and biosynthesis. Med Mycol 2001; 39(Suppl 1):9-17.
12. Shematek EM, Braatz JA, Cabib E. Biosynthesis of the yeast cell wall. I. Preparation and properties of the (1-3) glucan synthetase. J Biol Chem 1980; 255:888-94.
13. Kurtz MB, Heath IB, Marrinan J, et al. Morphological effects of lipopeptides against Aspergillus fumigatus correlate with activities against (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:1480-9.
14. Kurtz MB, Douglas CM. Lipopeptide inhibitors of fungal glucan synthase. J Med Vet Mycol 1997; 35:79-86.
15. Qadota H, Python CP, Inoue SB, et al. Identification of yeast Rho1pGTPase as a regulatory subunit of 1,3-β-glucan synthase. Science 1996; 272:279-81.
16. Mazur P, Morin N, Baginsky W, et al. Differential expression and function of two homologous subunits of yeast 1,3-β-1,3-D-glucan synthase. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15:5671-81.
17. Parent SA, Nielsen JB, Morin N, et al. Calcineurin-dependent growth of an FK506- and CsA-hypersensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Gen Microbiol 1993; 139:2973-84.
18. Edlind T, Katiyar S. Echinocandin activity versus Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is modulated by the cell integrity signaling pathway [abstract M-196]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
19. Thompson JR, Douglas C, Weil L, et al. A glucan synthase FKS1 homolog in Cryptococcus neoformans is single copy and encodes an essential function. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:444-53.
20. Del Poeta M, Cruz MC, Cardenas ME, et al. Synergistic antifungal activities of bafilomycin A(1), fluconazole, and the pneumocandin MK-0991/caspofungin acetate (L-743,872) with calcineurin inhibitors FK506 and L-685,818 against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:739-46.
21. Feldmesser M, Kress Y, Mednick A, Casadevall A. The effect of the echinocandin analogue caspofungin on cell wall glucan synthesis by Cryptococcus neoformans. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1791-5.
22. Kelly R, Register E, Hsu MJ, et al. Isolation of a gene involved in 1,3-D-glucan synthesis in Aspergillus nidulans and purification of the corresponding protein. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:4381-91.
23. Cole GT, Hung CY. The parasitic cell wall of Coccidioides immitis. Med Mycol 2001; 39(Suppl 1):31-40.
24. Osherow N, May GS, Albert ND, Kontoyiannis DP. Overexpression of Sbe2p, a Golgi protein, results in resistance to caspofungin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:2462-9.
25. Bachmann SP, Patterson TF, Lopez-Ribot JL. In vitro activity of caspofungin (MK-0991) against Candida albicans clinical isolates displaying different mechanisms of azole resistance. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:2228-30.
26. Schuetzer-Muehlbauer M, Willinger B, Krapf G, Enzinger S, Presterl E, Kuchler K. The Candida albicans Cdr2p ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter confers resistance to caspofungin. Mol Microbiol 2003; 48:225-35
27. Mora-Duarte J, Betts R, Rotstein C, et al. Caspofungin vs. amphotericin B deoxycholate in the treatment of invasive candidiasis in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients: a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind study [abstract]. In: Program and abstracts of the 12th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (Milan). 2002:237.
28. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast. Approved standard M27-A. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1997.
29. Barry AL, Pfaller MA, Brown SD, et al. Quality, control limits for broth microdilution susceptibility tests of ten antifungal agents. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3457-9.
30. Stone EA, Fung HB, Kirschenbaum HL. Caspofungin: an echinocandin antifungal agent. Clin Ther 2002; 24:351-7.
31. Bartizal K, Gill CJ, Abruzzo GK, et al. In vitro clinical evaluation studies with the echinocandin antifungal MK-0991 (L-743,872). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2326-32.
32. Georgopapadakou NH. Update on antifungals targeted to the cell wall: focus on β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2001; 10:269-80.
33. Cancidas (Caspofungin for intravenous injection), Merck Corporation, NDA 21-227. Background document for Antiviral Drug Products Advisory Committee meeting, 10 January 2001. Cancidas (Caspofungin acetate for intravenous injection). Merck Corporation NDA 21-227. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/briefing/3676b1_01.pdf. Accessed on 9 May 2003.
34. Marco F, Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Jones RN. Activity of MK-0991 (L-743,872), a new echinocandin, compared with those of LY303366 and four other antifungal agents tested against blood stream isolates of Candida spp. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 32:33-7.
35. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, Jones RN. In vitro activities of caspofungin compared with those of fluconazole and itraconazole against 3959 clinical isolates of Candida spp., including 157 fluconazole-resistant isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:1068-71.
36. Espinel-Ingroff A. Comparison of in vitro activities of the new triazole SCH56952 and the echinocandins MK-0991 (L-743,872) and LY303366 against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi and yeasts. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:2950-6.
37. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Messer SA, et al. In-vitro activities of caspofungin compared with those of fluconazole and itraconazole against 3,959 clinical isolates of Candida spp., including 157 fluconazole-resistant isolates [abstract M-1523]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
38. Moore CB, Denning DW. Tolerance and fungicidality in vitro of caspofungin, micafungin and anidilafungin against Candida guillermondii [abstract M-230]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
39. Vazquez JA, Lynch M, Boikov D, Sobel JD. In vitro activity, of a new pneumocandin antifungal, L-743,872, against azole-susceptible and -resistant Candida species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:1612-4.
40. Barchiesi F, Schmizzi AM, Fothergill AW, et al. In vitro activity of the new echinocandin antifungal, MK-0991, against common and uncommon clinical isolates of Candida species. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 18:302-4.
41. Ernst EJ, Klepser ME, Ernst ME, et al. In vitro pharmacodynamic properties of MK-0991 determined by time-kill methods. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 33:75-80.
42. Vazquez JA, Nagappan V, Boikov D. In vitro evaluation of caspofungin acetate (Cancidas) against Candida glabrata: MICs, MFCs, time kill and synergy assays [abstract M-1509]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002, Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
43. Ramesh MS, Baskaran I, Ganesan LT, et al. Postantifungal effect of older and newer antifungal agents on Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans [abstract]. In: Program and abstracts of the 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Chicago). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2001. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
44. Geiss HK, Dilger S. The post-antibiotic effect (PAFE) of caspofungin [abstract M-495]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
45. Ernst EJ, Klepser ME, Pfaller MA. Postantifungal effects of echinocandin, azole, and polyene antifungal agents against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:1108-11.
46. Bachmann SP, VandeWalle K, Ramage G, et al. In vitro activity of caspofungin against Candida albicans biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3591-6.
47. Kuhn DM, George T, Chandra J, et al. Antifungal susceptibility of Candida biofilms: unique efficacy of amphotericin B lipid formulations and echinocandins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:1773-80.
48. Ramage G, VandeWalle K, Bachmann SP, et al. In vitro pharmacodynamic properties of three antifungal agents against preformed Candida albicans biofilms determined by time-kill studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3634-6.
49. Bachmann SP, Vandewalle K, Ramage G, et al. In vitro interactions between caspofungin and Candida albicans biofilms [abstract M-1512]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http: //www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
50. Roling EE, Klepser ME, Wasson A, et al. Antifungal activities of fluconazole, caspofungin (MK0991), and anidulafungin (LY303366) alone and in combination against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans via time-kill methods. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 43:13-7.
51. Bachmann SP, Ramage G, Fothergill AW, et al. Combinations of antifungal agents against Candida albicans biofilms in vitro [abstract M-1813]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http: //www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
52. Abruzzo GK, Flattery AM, Gill CJ, et al. Evaluation of the echinocandin antifungal MK-0991 (L-743,872): efficacies in mouse models of disseminated aspergillosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2333-8.
53. Graybill JR, Bocanegra R, Luther M, et al. Treatment of murine Candida krusei or Candida glabrata infection with L-743,872. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:1937-9.
54. Graybill JR, Najvar LK, Luther MF, Fothergill AW. Treatment of murine disseminated candidiasis with L-743,872. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:1775-7.
55. Ju JY, Poljamus C, Marr KA, et al. Efficacies of fluconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin B in Candida glabrata-infected p47phox -/- knockout mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:1240-5.
56. Abruzzo GK, Gill CJ, Flattery AM, et al. Efficacy of the echinocandin caspofungin against disseminated aspergillosis and candidiasis in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:2310-8.
57. Bocanegra R, Najvar LK, Hernandez S, Larsen RA. In vivo combination of fluconazole (FLU) and caspofungin (CSP) against Candida albicans (Ca) [abstract M-864]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
58. Hossain MA, Reyes GH, Long LA, Mukherjee PK, Ghannoum MA. Efficacy of caspofungin combined with amphotericin B against azole-resistant Candida albicans. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; Apr 25 [epub ahead of print].
59. Arathoon E G, Gotuzzo E, Noriega LM, et al. Randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of caspofungin versus amphotericin B for treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:451-7.
60. Villanueva A, Arathoon EG, Gotuzzo E, et al. A randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus amphotericin for the treatment of candidal esophagitis. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33:1529-35.
61. Villanueva A, Gotuzzo E, Arathoon E, et al. A randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. Am J Med 2002; 113:294-9.
62. Mora-Duarte J, Betts R, Rotstein C, et al. Caspofungin vs. amphotericin B deoxycholate in the treatment of invasive candidiasis in neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients: a multi-centre, randomized, double-blind study. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:2020-9.
63. Kartsonis N, DiNubile MJ, Bartizal K, et al. Efficacy of caspofungin in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis resistant to fluconazole. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002; 31:183-7.
64. James PG, Cherniak R, Jones RG, Stortz CA. Cell-wall glucans of Cryptococcus neoformans CAP67. Carbohydr Res 1990; 198:23-8.
65. van Duin D, Casadevall A, Nosanchuk JD. Melanization of Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum reduces their susceptibilities to amphotericin B and caspofungin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3394-400.
66. Franzot SP, Casdevall A. Pneumocandin L-743,872 enhances the activities of amphotericin B and fluconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:331-6.
67. Gueho E, de Hoog GS, Smith MT. Neotypification of the genus Trichosporon. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1992; 61:285-8.
68. Goodman D, Pamer E, Jakubowski A, et al. Breakthrough trichosporonosis in a bone marrow transplant recipient receiving caspofungin acetate. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35:e35-6.
69. Fothergill AW, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG. Antifungal susceptibility testing of Merck L-743,872 against a broad range of fungi [abstract F-29]. In: Program and abstracts of the 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1996. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
70. NCCLS. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Approved standard M38-A. Wayne, PA: NCCLS (in press).
71. Bowman JC, Hicks PS, Kurtz MB, et al. The antifungal echinocandin caspofungin acetate kills growing cells of Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3001-12.
72. Arikan S, Lozano-Chiu M, Paetznick V, Rex JH. In vitro susceptibility testing methods for caspofungin against Aspergillus and Fusarium isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:327-30.
73. Sutton DA, Rinaldi MF, Fothergill AW. In vitro activity of the echinocandin caspofungin (MK-0991) against refractory clinical isolates of Candida and Aspergillus species [abstract]. In: Program and abstracts of the 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Chicago). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2001. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
74. Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, et al. Antifungal activity of caspofungin and the new triazoles compared with itraconazole and amphotericin B against 462 recent clinical isolates of Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi [abstract M-1521]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
75. Chiller T, Farrokhshad K, Brummer E, Stevens DA. Influence of human sera on the in vitro activity of the echinocandin caspofungin (MK-0991) against Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:3302-5.
76. Chiller T, Farrokshad K, Brummer E, Stevens DA. The interaction of human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils with caspofungin (MK-0991), an echinocandin, for antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 39:99-103.
77. Arikan S, Lozano-Chiu M, Paetznick V, Rex JH. In vitro synergy of caspofungin and amphotericin B against Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:245-7.
78. Chandrasekar PH, Cutright JL, Manavathu EK. In vitro activity of amphotericin B lipid complex in 2-drug combination with caspofungin against Aspergillus fumigatus [abstract]. In: Program and abstracts of the Focus on Fungal Infections meeting 12 (Phoenix). Alpharetta, GA: Imedex, 2002.
79. Perea S, Gonzalez G, Fothergill AW, et al. In vitro interaction of caspofungin acetate with voriconazole against clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3039-41.
80. Oshaughnessy EM, Peter J, Walsh TJ. In vitro additive and synergistic effect of two echinocandins, caspofungin and micafungin with voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus [abstract M-856]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
81. Manavathu EK, Ganesan LT, Cutright JL, Chandrasekar PH. In vitro antifungal activity of voriconazole in two-drug combination with micafungin, caspofungin and amphotericin B [abstract]. In: Program and abstracts of the 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Chicago). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2001. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
82. Manavathu EK, Alangaden GJ, Chandrasekar PH. Differential activity of triazoles in two-drug combinations with the echocandin caspofungin against Aspergillus fumigatus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; Apr 25 [epub ahead of print].
83. Shalit I, Shadkchan Y, Samra Z, Osherov N. In vitro synergy of caspofungin and itraconazole against Aspergillus spp.: MIC versus minimal effective concentration end points. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:1416-8.
84. Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE, May GS, et al. Sequential exposure of A. fumigatus to itraconazole (ITRA) and caspofungin (CAS): evidence of enhanced in vitro activity of this combination [abstract M-851]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
85. Kontoyiannis N, Lewis RE, Osherov, et al. Combination of caspofungin with inhibitors of the calcineurin pathway attenuates growth in vitro in Aspergillus species. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 51:313-6.
86. Petraitiene R, Petraitis V, Groll AH, et al. Antifungal efficacy of caspofungin (MK-0991) in experimental pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently neutropenic rabbits: pharmacokinetics, drug disposition, and relationship to galactomannan antigenemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:12-23.
87. Bowman JC, Abruzzo GK, Anderson JW, et al. Quantitative PCR assay to measure Aspergillus fumigatus burden in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis: demonstration of efficacy of caspofungin acetate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:3474-81.
88. Kirkpatrick WR, Perea S, Coco BJ, Patterson TF. Efficacy of caspofungin alone and in combination with voriconazole in a guinea pig model of invasive aspergillosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:2564-8.
89. Douglas CM, Abruzzo G, Bowman JC, et al. Caspofungin alone or in combination with itraconazole reduces fungal burden in a neutropenic guinea pig model of disseminated aspergillosis [abstract M-856]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
90. Maertens J, Raad I, Petrikkos G, et al. Update of multicenter non-comparative study of caspofungin (CAS) in adults with invasive aspergillosis (IA) refractory (R) or intolerant (I) to other antifungal agents: analysis of 90 patients [abstract M-856]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
91. Gentina T, De Botton S, Alfandri S, et al. Combination antifungals for treatment of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis (IA) refractory to amphotericin B (AmB) in leukaemia patients [abstract M-860]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
92. Thiébaut A Sr, Antal D, Breysse MC, Pivot C. Refractory invasive fungal infections in patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies: combination of new antifungal agents (voriconazole or caspofungin) with amphotericin B [abstract M-859]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
93. Kontoyiannis DP, Hachem R, Lewis RE, et al. Efficacy and toxicity of the caspofungin/liposomal amphotericin B (CAS/LipAMB) combination in documented or possible invasive aspergillosis (IA) in patients (Pts) with hematologic malignancies [abstract M-1820]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society, for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
94. Aliff TB, Maslak PG, Jurcic JG, et al. Refractory Aspergillus pneumonia in patients with acute leukemia: successful therapy with combination caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin. Cancer 2003; 97:1025-32
95. Pfaller MA, Marco F, Messer SA, Jones RN. In vitro activity of two echinocandin derivatives, LY303366 and MK-0991 (L-743,792), against clinical isolates of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and other filamentous fungi. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 30:251-5.
96. Del Poeta M, Schell WA, Perfect JR. In vitro antifungal activity of pneumocandin L-743,873 against a variety of clinically important molds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:1835-6.
97. Stevens DA. Drug interactions of caspofungin (C) with conventional agents against pathogens of endemic mycoses [abstract M-863]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
98. Graybill JR, Najvar LK, Montalbo EM, et al. Treatment Of histoplasmosis with MK-0991 (L-743,872). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:151-3.
99. Kohler S, Wheat LJ, Connolly P, et al. Comparison of the echinocandin caspofungin with amphotericin B for treatment of histoplasmosis following pulmonary challenge in a murine model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:1850-4.
100. Gonzalez GM, Tijerina R, Najvar LK, et al. Correlation between antifungal susceptibilities of Coccidioides immitis in vitro and antifungal treatment with caspofungin in a mouse model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1854-9.
101. Borges-Walmsley MI, Chen D, Shu X, Walmsley AR. The pathobiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Trends Microbiol 2002; 10:80-7.
102. Powles MA, Liberator P, Anderson J, et al. Efficacy of MK-991 (L-743,872), a semisynthetic pneumocandin, in murine models of Pneumocystis carinii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:1985-9.
103. Bartlett MS, Current WL, Goheen MP, et al. Semisynthetic echinocandins affect cell wall deposition of Pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40:1811-6.
104. Deresinski SC. Caspofungin - a novel antifungal agent. Infectious Diseases Alert 2001; 20:97-100. Available at: http://www.infectiousdiseasealert.com/secure/idaarchives.html.
105. Stone JA, Holland SD, Wickersham PJ, et al. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of caspofungin in healthy men. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:739-45.
106. Stone J, Migoya E, Li S, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of higher doses of caspofungin [abstract A-1389]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
107. Walsh TJ, Adamson PC, Seibel NL, et al. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of caspofungin (CAS) in pediatric patients [abstract M-816]. In: Program and abstracts of the 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Diego). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2002. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
108. Hadju R, Thompson R, Sundelof JG, et al. Preliminary animal pharmacokinetics of the parenteral antifungal agent MK-0991 (L-743,872). Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41:2339-44.
109. Balani SK, Xu X, Arison BH, et al. Metabolites of caspofungin acetate, a potent antifungal agent, in human plasma and urine. Drug Metab Dispos 2000; 28:1274-8.
110. Stone JA, Ballow CH, Holland SD, et al. Single dose caspofungin pharmacokinetics in healthy elderly subjects [abstract 853]. In: Program and abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Toronto). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2000. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
111. Stone JA, McCrea JB, Wickersham PJ, et al. A phase I study of caspofungin evaluating potential for drug interactions with itraconazole, the effect of gender and the use of a loading regimen [abstract 854]. In: Program and abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Toronto). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2000. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
112. Stone J, Holland S, Li P, et al. Effect of hepatic insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of caspofungin [abstract]. In: Program and abstracts of the 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Chicago). Washington, DC: American Society, for Microbiology, 2001. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
113. Stone J, Holland S, Wickersham P, et al. Drug interactions between caspofungin and tacrolimus [abstract]. In: Program and abstracts of the 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Chicago). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 2001. Available at: http://www.asmusa.org/mtgsrc/mtgs.htm.
114. Sable CA, Nguyen B-Y T, Chodakewitz JA, DiNubile MJ. Safety and tolerability of caspofungin acetate in the treatment of fungal infections. Transpl Infect Dis 2002; 4:25-30.
115. Kartsonis N, Ngai A, Ryan D, et al. Clinical experience of caspofungin and cyclosporin in patients treated in caspofungin clinical trials [abstract P-39]. In: Program and abstracts of the Focus on Fungal Infection 13 (Maui, Hawaii). Alpharetta, GA: Imedex, 2003.
116. Sporanox [package insert]. Raritan, NJ: Ortho Biotech, 2003.
117. VFEND [package insert]. New York: Pfizer, 2003.
118. Voriconazole. The Medical Letter 2002; 1135:83-5.
119. Red book. Stamford, CT: Medical Economics, Thomson Publishing, 2002.