메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 3067-3083

Segmented crystalline scintillators: An initial investigation of high quantum efficiency detectors for megavoltage x-ray imaging

Author keywords

DQE; Flat panel imager; Portal imaging; Quantum efficiency; Segmented crystal detectors

Indexed keywords

BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING; CESIUM IODIDE; MAMMOGRAPHY; MONTE CARLO METHODS; NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; RADIATION DAMAGE; RADIOTHERAPY; SCINTILLATION COUNTERS; X RAY DETECTORS;

EID: 27244438336     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.2008407     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (64)

References (79)
  • 1
    • 0037149519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic portal imaging devices: A review and historical perspective of contemporary technologies and research
    • L. E. Antonuk, "Electronic portal imaging devices: A review and historical perspective of contemporary technologies and research," Phys. Med. Biol. 47, R31-R65 (2002).
    • (2002) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.47
    • Antonuk, L.E.1
  • 2
    • 0032171047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial performance evaluation of an indirect-detection, active matrix flat-panel imager (AMFPI) prototype for mega-voltage imaging
    • L. E. Antonuk et al., "Initial performance evaluation of an indirect-detection, active matrix flat-panel imager (AMFPI) prototype for mega-voltage imaging," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 42, 437-454 (1998).
    • (1998) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.42 , pp. 437-454
    • Antonuk, L.E.1
  • 3
    • 0036803213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic and film portal images: A comparison of landmark visibility and review accuracy
    • J. J. Kruse et al., "Electronic and film portal images: A comparison of landmark visibility and review accuracy," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 54, 584-591 (2002).
    • (2002) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.54 , pp. 584-591
    • Kruse, J.J.1
  • 4
    • 0031860585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-ray quantum limited portal imaging using amorphous silicon flat-panel arrays
    • P. Munro and D. C. Bouius, "X-ray quantum limited portal imaging using amorphous silicon flat-panel arrays," Med. Phys. 25, 689-702 (1998).
    • (1998) Med. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 689-702
    • Munro, P.1    Bouius, D.C.2
  • 5
    • 0035661107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the detective quantum efficiency of a prototype, mega-voltage indirect detection, active matrix flat-panel imager
    • Y. El-Mohri, K.-W. Jee, L. E. Antonuk, M. Maolinbay, and Q. Zhao, "Determination of the detective quantum efficiency of a prototype, mega-voltage indirect detection, active matrix flat-panel imager," Med. Phys. 28, 2538-2550 (2001).
    • (2001) Med. Phys. , vol.28 , pp. 2538-2550
    • El-Mohri, Y.1    Jee, K.-W.2    Antonuk, L.E.3    Maolinbay, M.4    Zhao, Q.5
  • 6
    • 0030986681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal phosphor thickness for portal imaging
    • J.-P. Bissonnette, I. A. Cunningham, and P. Munro, "Optimal phosphor thickness for portal imaging," Med. Phys. 24, 803-814 (1997).
    • (1997) Med. Phys. , vol.24 , pp. 803-814
    • Bissonnette, J.-P.1    Cunningham, I.A.2    Munro, P.3
  • 7
    • 2442706565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) used in radiotherapy: Image quality and dose measurements
    • F. Cremers et al., "Performance of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) used in radiotherapy: Image quality and dose measurements," Med. Phys. 31, 985-996 (2004).
    • (2004) Med. Phys. , vol.31 , pp. 985-996
    • Cremers, F.1
  • 8
    • 0037393386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental comparison of detector performance for direct and indirect digital radiography systems
    • E. Samei and M. J. Flynn, "An experimental comparison of detector performance for direct and indirect digital radiography systems," Med. Phys. 30, 608-622 (2003).
    • (2003) Med. Phys. , vol.30 , pp. 608-622
    • Samei, E.1    Flynn, M.J.2
  • 9
    • 0034860593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DQE of direct and indirect digital radiographic systems
    • E. Samei, M. J. Flynn, H. G. Chotas, and J. T. Dobbins, "DQE of direct and indirect digital radiographic systems," Proc. SPIE 4320, 189-197 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. SPIE , vol.4320 , pp. 189-197
    • Samei, E.1    Flynn, M.J.2    Chotas, H.G.3    Dobbins, J.T.4
  • 10
    • 0033623770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of a 41X41-cm2 amorphous silicon flat panel x-ray detector for radiographic imaging applications
    • P. R. Granfors and R. Aufrichtig, "Performance of a 41X41-cm2 amorphous silicon flat panel x-ray detector for radiographic imaging applications," Med. Phys. 27, 1324-1331 (2000).
    • (2000) Med. Phys. , vol.27 , pp. 1324-1331
    • Granfors, P.R.1    Aufrichtig, R.2
  • 11
    • 0034860233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Filtered gain calibration and its effect on frequency-dependent DQE and image quality in SE-based general radiography and full-field mammographic digital imaging
    • D. L. Lee et al., "Filtered gain calibration and its effect on frequency-dependent DQE and image quality in SE-based general radiography and full-field mammographic digital imaging," Proc. SPIE 4320, 121-126 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. SPIE , vol.4320 , pp. 121-126
    • Lee, D.L.1
  • 12
    • 0036799364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of high quantum efficiency flat panel detectors for portal imaging: Intrinsic spatial resolution
    • G. Pang and J. A. Rowlands, "Development of high quantum efficiency flat panel detectors for portal imaging: Intrinsic spatial resolution," Med. Phys. 29, 2274-2285 (2002).
    • (2002) Med. Phys. , vol.29 , pp. 2274-2285
    • Pang, G.1    Rowlands, J.A.2
  • 13
    • 0037360947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography using a high-efficiency image receptor
    • E. J. Seppi et al., "Megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography using a high-efficiency image receptor," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 55, 793-803 (2003).
    • (2003) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.55 , pp. 793-803
    • Seppi, E.J.1
  • 14
    • 9244253183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of high quantum efficiency, flat panel, thick detectors for megavoltage x-ray imaging: A novel direct-conversion design and its feasibility
    • G. Pang and J. A. Rowlands, "Development of high quantum efficiency, flat panel, thick detectors for megavoltage x-ray imaging: A novel direct-conversion design and its feasibility," Med. Phys. 31, 3004-3016 (2004).
    • (2004) Med. Phys. , vol.31 , pp. 3004-3016
    • Pang, G.1    Rowlands, J.A.2
  • 16
    • 0035428759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel portal imaging device for advanced radiation therapy
    • C. Iacobaeus et al., "A novel portal imaging device for advanced radiation therapy," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 48, 1496-1502 (2001).
    • (2001) IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 1496-1502
    • Iacobaeus, C.1
  • 17
    • 2442691615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling scintillator-photodiodes as detectors for megavoltage CT
    • T. T. Monajemi, S. Steciw, B. G. Fallone, and S. Rathee, "Modeling scintillator-photodiodes as detectors for megavoltage CT," Med. Phys. 31, 1225-1234 (2004).
    • (2004) Med. Phys. , vol.31 , pp. 1225-1234
    • Monajemi, T.T.1    Steciw, S.2    Fallone, B.G.3    Rathee, S.4
  • 18
    • 0032425559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid portal imaging with a high-efficiency, large field-of-view detector
    • M. A. Mosleh-Shirazi et al., "Rapid portal imaging with a high-efficiency, large field-of-view detector," Med. Phys. 25, 2333-2346 (1998).
    • (1998) Med. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 2333-2346
    • Mosleh-Shirazi, M.A.1
  • 20
    • 0035989979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation of a CsI(Tl) based electronic portal imaging system
    • A. Sawant et al., "Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation of a CsI(Tl) based electronic portal imaging system," Med. Phys. 29, 1042-1053 (2002).
    • (2002) Med. Phys. , vol.29 , pp. 1042-1053
    • Sawant, A.1
  • 21
    • 0028025610 scopus 로고
    • Thick phosphor screens for on-line portal imaging
    • B. Wowk and S. Shalev, "Thick phosphor screens for on-line portal imaging," Med. Phys. 21, 1269-1276 (1994).
    • (1994) Med. Phys. , vol.21 , pp. 1269-1276
    • Wowk, B.1    Shalev, S.2
  • 22
    • 0027139185 scopus 로고
    • Grooved phosphor screens for online portal imaging
    • B. Wowk, S. Shalev, and T. Radcliffe, "Grooved phosphor screens for online portal imaging," Med. Phys. 20, 1641-1651 (1993).
    • (1993) Med. Phys. , vol.20 , pp. 1641-1651
    • Wowk, B.1    Shalev, S.2    Radcliffe, T.3
  • 23
    • 0035989949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A performance comparison of flat-panel imager-based MV and kV cone-beam CT
    • B. A. Groh, J. H. Siewerdsen, D. G. Drake, J. W. Wong, and D. A. Jaffray, "A performance comparison of flat-panel imager-based MV and kV cone-beam CT," Med. Phys. 29, 967-975 (2002).
    • (2002) Med. Phys. , vol.29 , pp. 967-975
    • Groh, B.A.1    Siewerdsen, J.H.2    Drake, D.G.3    Wong, J.W.4    Jaffray, D.A.5
  • 24
    • 23844501155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soft tissue visualization using a highly efficient megavoltage cone beam CT imaging system
    • F. A. Ghelmansarai et al., "Soft tissue visualization using a highly efficient megavoltage cone beam CT imaging system," Proc. SPIE 5745, 159-170 (2005).
    • (2005) Proc. SPIE , vol.5745 , pp. 159-170
    • Ghelmansarai, F.A.1
  • 25
    • 0036170766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo study of a highly efficient gas ionization detector for megavoltage imaging and image-guided radiotherapy
    • H. Keller et al., "Monte Carlo study of a highly efficient gas ionization detector for megavoltage imaging and image-guided radiotherapy," Med. Phys. 29, 165-175 (2002).
    • (2002) Med. Phys. , vol.29 , pp. 165-175
    • Keller, H.1
  • 27
    • 20044368433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segmented phosphors: MEMS-based high quantum efficiency detectors for megavoltage x-ray imaging
    • A. Sawant et al., "Segmented phosphors: MEMS-based high quantum efficiency detectors for megavoltage x-ray imaging," Med. Phys. 32, 553-565 (2005).
    • (2005) Med. Phys. , vol.32 , pp. 553-565
    • Sawant, A.1
  • 28
    • 0031790998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of the scintillation detector in a combined 3D megavoltage CT scanner and portal imager
    • M. A. Mosleh-Shirazi, W. Swindell, and P. M. Evans, "Optimization of the scintillation detector in a combined 3D megavoltage CT scanner and portal imager," Med. Phys. 25, 1880-1890 (1998).
    • (1998) Med. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 1880-1890
    • Mosleh-Shirazi, M.A.1    Swindell, W.2    Evans, P.M.3
  • 29
    • 0036035340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depth-dependent phosphor blur in indirect x-ray imaging sensors
    • A. Badano and R. Leimbach, "Depth-dependent phosphor blur in indirect x-ray imaging sensors," Proc. SPIE 4682, 94-106 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. SPIE , vol.4682 , pp. 94-106
    • Badano, A.1    Leimbach, R.2
  • 30
    • 9244230065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lubberts effect in columnar phosphors
    • A. Badano et al., "Lubberts effect in columnar phosphors," Med. Phys. 31, 3122-3131 (2004).
    • (2004) Med. Phys. , vol.31 , pp. 3122-3131
    • Badano, A.1
  • 31
    • 0033750998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear response theory for detectors consisting of discrete arrays
    • M. Albert and A. D. Maidment, "Linear response theory for detectors consisting of discrete arrays," Med. Phys. 27, 2417-2434 (2000).
    • (2000) Med. Phys. , vol.27 , pp. 2417-2434
    • Albert, M.1    Maidment, A.D.2
  • 32
    • 0002050483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied linear-systems theory
    • edited by J. Beutel, H. L. Kundel, and R. L. Van Metter (SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington)
    • I. Cunningham, "Applied linear-systems theory," in Handbook of Medical Imaging, edited by J. Beutel, H. L. Kundel, and R. L. Van Metter (SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington, 2000), pp. 79-159.
    • (2000) Handbook of Medical Imaging , pp. 79-159
    • Cunningham, I.1
  • 33
    • 0021253653 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of basic imaging properties in digital radiography. I: Modulation transfer function
    • M. L. Giger and K. Doi, "Investigation of basic imaging properties in digital radiography. I: Modulation transfer function," Med. Phys. 11, 287-295 (1984).
    • (1984) Med. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 287-295
    • Giger, M.L.1    Doi, K.2
  • 35
    • 0016424534 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of cyclostationary random signal processes
    • W. A. Gardner and L. E. Franks, "Characterization of cyclostationary random signal processes," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory IT21, 4-14 (1975).
    • (1975) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory , vol.IT21 , pp. 4-14
    • Gardner, W.A.1    Franks, L.E.2
  • 36
    • 3042544892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can a Fourier-based cascaded-systems analysis describe noise in complex shift-variant spatially sampled detectors?
    • I. A. Cunningham, M. Sattarivand, G. Hajdok, and J. Yao, "Can a Fourier-based cascaded-systems analysis describe noise in complex shift-variant spatially sampled detectors?" Proc. SPIE 5368, 79-88 (2004).
    • (2004) Proc. SPIE , vol.5368 , pp. 79-88
    • Cunningham, I.A.1    Sattarivand, M.2    Hajdok, G.3    Yao, J.4
  • 37
    • 0000658326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Image quality metrics for digital systems
    • edited by J. Beutel, H. L. Kundel, and R. L. Van Metter (SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington)
    • J. T. Dobbins, "Image quality metrics for digital systems," in Handbook of Medical Imaging, edited by J. Beutel, H. L. Kundel, and R. L. Van Metter (SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington, 2000), pp. 163-222.
    • (2000) Handbook of Medical Imaging , pp. 163-222
    • Dobbins, J.T.1
  • 39
    • 0023339134 scopus 로고
    • Detective quantum efficiency of imaging systems with amplifying and scattering mechanisms
    • M. Rabbani, R. Shaw, and R. Van Metter, "Detective quantum efficiency of imaging systems with amplifying and scattering mechanisms," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 895-901 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.4 , pp. 895-901
    • Rabbani, M.1    Shaw, R.2    Van Metter, R.3
  • 40
    • 0028215328 scopus 로고
    • A spatial-frequency dependent quantum accounting diagram and detective quantum efficiency model of signal and noise propagation in cascaded imaging systems
    • I. A. Cunningham, M. S. Westmore, and A. Fenster, "A spatial-frequency dependent quantum accounting diagram and detective quantum efficiency model of signal and noise propagation in cascaded imaging systems," Med. Phys. 21, 417-427 (1994).
    • (1994) Med. Phys. , vol.21 , pp. 417-427
    • Cunningham, I.A.1    Westmore, M.S.2    Fenster, A.3
  • 41
    • 0042376261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring new frontiers in x-ray quantum limited portal imaging using active matrix flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs)
    • A. R. Sawant et al., "Exploring new frontiers in x-ray quantum limited portal imaging using active matrix flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs)", Proceedings of SPIE Conference on the Physics of Medical Imaging, Vol. 5030, pp. 478-489 (2003).
    • (2003) Proceedings of SPIE Conference on the Physics of Medical Imaging , vol.5030 , pp. 478-489
    • Sawant, A.R.1
  • 42
    • 0010607342 scopus 로고
    • Scintillating crystals in a radiation environment
    • R. Y. Zhu, D. A. Ma, and H. Newman, "Scintillating crystals in a radiation environment," Nucl. Phys. B 547-556 (1995).
    • (1995) Nucl. Phys. B , pp. 547-556
    • Zhu, R.Y.1    Ma, D.A.2    Newman, H.3
  • 43
    • 0032140479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation damage in scintillating crystals
    • R. Y. Zhu, "Radiation damage in scintillating crystals," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 413, 297-311 (1998).
    • (1998) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A , vol.413 , pp. 297-311
    • Zhu, R.Y.1
  • 44
    • 0031099786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation hardness of undoped BGO crystals
    • S. K. Sahu et al., "Radiation hardness of undoped BGO crystals," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 388, 144-148 (1997).
    • (1997) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A , vol.388 , pp. 144-148
    • Sahu, S.K.1
  • 45
    • 0032138007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of radiation damage on BGO scintillation properties
    • R. Georgii et al., "Influence of radiation damage on BGO scintillation properties," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 413, 50-58 (1998).
    • (1998) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A , vol.413 , pp. 50-58
    • Georgii, R.1
  • 46
    • 0034275901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose radiation damage and recovery of undoped BGO crystals
    • K. C. Peng et al., "Low-dose radiation damage and recovery of undoped BGO crystals," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 452, 252-255 (2000).
    • (2000) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A , vol.452 , pp. 252-255
    • Peng, K.C.1
  • 47
    • 0037390655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation resistivity of BGO crystals due to low-energy gamma-rays
    • P. Kozma and P. Kozma, "Radiation resistivity of BGO crystals due to low-energy gamma-rays," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 501, 499-504 (2003).
    • (2003) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A , vol.501 , pp. 499-504
    • Kozma, P.1    Kozma, P.2
  • 50
    • 0037118495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation damage of CsI(Tl) scintillators: Blocking of energy transfer process of V-k centers to Tl+ activators
    • M. M. Hamada, F. E. Costa, S. Shimizu, and S. Kubota, "Radiation damage of CsI(Tl) scintillators: Blocking of energy transfer process of V-k centers to Tl+ activators," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 486, 330-335 (2002).
    • (2002) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A , vol.486 , pp. 330-335
    • Hamada, M.M.1    Costa, F.E.2    Shimizu, S.3    Kubota, S.4
  • 51
    • 0031190140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the radiation hardness of CsI(Tl) crystals for the BELLE detector
    • K. Kazui et al., "Study of the radiation hardness of CsI(Tl) crystals for the BELLE detector," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 394, 46-56 (1997).
    • (1997) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A , vol.394 , pp. 46-56
    • Kazui, K.1
  • 53
    • 0003797114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The EGSnrc code system: Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport
    • National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
    • I. Kawrakow and D. W. O. Rogers, "The EGSnrc code system: Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport," Technical Report PIRS-701, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada 2000.
    • (2000) Technical Report PIRS-701
    • Kawrakow, I.1    Rogers, D.W.O.2
  • 56
    • 0026837927 scopus 로고
    • A simple method for determining the modulation transfer-function in digital radiography
    • H. Fujita et al., "A simple method for determining the modulation transfer-function in digital radiography," IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 11, 34-39 (1992).
    • (1992) IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging , vol.11 , pp. 34-39
    • Fujita, H.1
  • 57
    • 0031805838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signal, noise power spectrum, and detective quantum efficiency of indirect-detection flat-panel imagers for diagnostic radiology
    • J. H. Siewerdsen et al., "Signal, noise power spectrum, and detective quantum efficiency of indirect-detection flat-panel imagers for diagnostic radiology," Med. Phys. 25, 614-628 (1998).
    • (1998) Med. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 614-628
    • Siewerdsen, J.H.1
  • 58
    • 0031016807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empirical investigation of the signal performance of a high-resolution, indirect detection, active matrix flat-panel imager (AMFPI) for fluoroscopic and radiographic operation
    • L. E. Antonuk et al., "Empirical investigation of the signal performance of a high-resolution, indirect detection, active matrix flat-panel imager (AMFPI) for fluoroscopic and radiographic operation," Med. Phys. 24, 51-70 (1997).
    • (1997) Med. Phys. , vol.24 , pp. 51-70
    • Antonuk, L.E.1
  • 60
    • 0029144630 scopus 로고
    • Monte-Carlo studies of x-ray-energy absorption and quantum-noise in megavoltage transmission radiography
    • D. A. Jaffray, J. J. Battista, A. Fenster, and P. Munro, "Monte-Carlo studies of x-ray-energy absorption and quantum-noise in megavoltage transmission radiography," Med. Phys. 22, 1077-1088 (1995).
    • (1995) Med. Phys. , vol.22 , pp. 1077-1088
    • Jaffray, D.A.1    Battista, J.J.2    Fenster, A.3    Munro, P.4
  • 61
    • 0015667930 scopus 로고
    • Absorption and noise in x-ray phosphors
    • R. K. Swank, "Absorption and noise in x-ray phosphors," J. Appl. Phys. 44, 4199-4203 (1973).
    • (1973) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.44 , pp. 4199-4203
    • Swank, R.K.1
  • 62
    • 0000899259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flat panel detectors for digital radiography
    • edited by J. Beutel, H. L. Kundel, and R. L. Van Metter (SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington)
    • J. A. Rowlands and J. Yorkston, "Flat panel detectors for digital radiography," in Handbook of Medical Imaging, edited by J. Beutel, H. L. Kundel, and R. L. Van Metter (SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington, 2000), pp. 223-328.
    • (2000) Handbook of Medical Imaging , pp. 223-328
    • Rowlands, J.A.1    Yorkston, J.2
  • 63
    • 17844399582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive Monte Carlo calculation of the point spread function for a commercial a-Si EPID
    • C. Kirkby and R. Sloboda, "Comprehensive Monte Carlo calculation of the point spread function for a commercial a-Si EPID," Med. Phys. 32, 1115-1127 (2005).
    • (2005) Med. Phys. , vol.32 , pp. 1115-1127
    • Kirkby, C.1    Sloboda, R.2
  • 64
    • 0345701463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Image guidance for precise conformal radiotherapy
    • T. R. Mackie et al., "Image guidance for precise conformal radiotherapy," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 56, 89-105 (2003).
    • (2003) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.56 , pp. 89-105
    • Mackie, T.R.1
  • 65
    • 3042520594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of volumetric and geometric changes occuring during fractionated radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer using an integrated CT/linear accelerator system
    • J. L. Barker et al., "Quantification of volumetric and geometric changes occuring during fractionated radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer using an integrated CT/linear accelerator system," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 59, 960-970 (2004).
    • (2004) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.59 , pp. 960-970
    • Barker, J.L.1
  • 66
    • 0037296854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new irradiation unit constructed of self-moving gantry-CT and linac
    • K. Kuriyama et al., "A new irradiation unit constructed of self-moving gantry-CT and linac," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 55, 428-435 (2003).
    • (2003) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.55 , pp. 428-435
    • Kuriyama, K.1
  • 67
    • 0036137440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily targeting of intrahepatic tumors for radiotherapy
    • J. M. Balter et al., "Daily targeting of intrahepatic tumors for radiotherapy," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 52, 266-271 (2002).
    • (2002) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.52 , pp. 266-271
    • Balter, J.M.1
  • 68
    • 0028820553 scopus 로고
    • Dual-beam imaging for online verification of radiotherapy field placement
    • D. A. Jaffray, K. Chawla, C. Yu, and J. W. Wong, "Dual-beam imaging for online verification of radiotherapy field placement," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 33, 1273-1280 (1995).
    • (1995) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.33 , pp. 1273-1280
    • Jaffray, D.A.1    Chawla, K.2    Yu, C.3    Wong, J.W.4
  • 69
    • 0032866087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A radiographic and tomographic imaging system integrated into a medical linear accelerator for localization of bone and soft-tissue targets
    • D. A. Jaffray, D. G. Drake, M. Moreau, A. A. Martinez, and J. W. Wong, "A radiographic and tomographic imaging system integrated into a medical linear accelerator for localization of bone and soft-tissue targets," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 45, 773-789 (1999).
    • (1999) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.45 , pp. 773-789
    • Jaffray, D.A.1    Drake, D.G.2    Moreau, M.3    Martinez, A.A.4    Wong, J.W.5
  • 71
    • 0033971984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound-based stereotactic guidance of precision conformal external beam radiation therapy in clinically localized prostate cancer
    • J. Lattanzi, S. McNeeley, A. Hanlon, T. E. Schultheiss, and G. E. Hanks, "Ultrasound-based stereotactic guidance of precision conformal external beam radiation therapy in clinically localized prostate cancer," Urology 55, 73-78 (2000).
    • (2000) Urology , vol.55 , pp. 73-78
    • Lattanzi, J.1    McNeeley, S.2    Hanlon, A.3    Schultheiss, T.E.4    Hanks, G.E.5
  • 72
    • 0141504143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of ultrasound-based prostate localization for image-guided radiotherapy
    • K. M. Langen et al., "Evaluation of ultrasound-based prostate localization for image-guided radiotherapy," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 57, 635-644 (2003).
    • (2003) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.57 , pp. 635-644
    • Langen, K.M.1
  • 73
    • 0037443380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound-guided extracranial radiosurgery: Technique and application
    • S. L. Meeks et al., "Ultrasound-guided extracranial radiosurgery: Technique and application," Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 55, 1092-1101 (2003).
    • (2003) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. , vol.55 , pp. 1092-1101
    • Meeks, S.L.1
  • 74
    • 0019996669 scopus 로고
    • A 4-MV CT scanner for radiation therapy: The prototype system
    • R. G. Simpson, C. T. Chen, E. A. Grubbs, and W. Swindell, "A 4-MV CT scanner for radiation therapy: The prototype system," Med. Phys. 9, 574-579 (1982).
    • (1982) Med. Phys. , vol.9 , pp. 574-579
    • Simpson, R.G.1    Chen, C.T.2    Grubbs, E.A.3    Swindell, W.4
  • 75
    • 0020559807 scopus 로고
    • Computed tomography with a linear accelerator with radiotherapy applications
    • W. Swindell, R. G. Simpson, J. R. Oleson, C. Chen, and E. A. Grubbs, "Computed tomography with a linear accelerator with radiotherapy applications," Med. Phys. 10, 416-420 (1983).
    • (1983) Med. Phys. , vol.10 , pp. 416-420
    • Swindell, W.1    Simpson, R.G.2    Oleson, J.R.3    Chen, C.4    Grubbs, E.A.5
  • 76
    • 0023638431 scopus 로고
    • Design principles and clinical possibilities with a new generation of radiation therapy equipment
    • A. Brahme, "Design principles and clinical possibilities with a new generation of radiation therapy equipment," Acta Oncol. 26, 403-412 (1987).
    • (1987) Acta Oncol. , vol.26 , pp. 403-412
    • Brahme, A.1
  • 77
    • 0033347837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precision linear and two-dimensional scintillation crystal arrays for x-ray and gamma-ray imaging applications
    • D. J. Krus, W. P. Novak, and L. Perna, "Precision linear and two-dimensional scintillation crystal arrays for x-ray and gamma-ray imaging applications," Proc. SPIE on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics, Vol. 3768 (1999), pp. 183-194.
    • (1999) Proc. SPIE on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics , vol.3768 , pp. 183-194
    • Krus, D.J.1    Novak, W.P.2    Perna, L.3
  • 78
    • 0037063290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new lutetia-based ceramic scintillator for x-ray imaging
    • A. Lempicki et al., "A new lutetia-based ceramic scintillator for x-ray imaging," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 488, 579-590 (2002).
    • (2002) Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A , vol.488 , pp. 579-590
    • Lempicki, A.1
  • 79
    • 0038720375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new X-ray scintillator for digital radiography
    • V. V. Nagarkar et al., "A new X-ray scintillator for digital radiography," IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 50, 297-300 (2003).
    • (2003) IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 297-300
    • Nagarkar, V.V.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.