Global transformations and intimate relations in the 21st century: Social science research on sexuality and the emergence of sexual health and sexual rights frameworks

Annual Review of Sex Research

Volumn 15, Issue , 2004, Pages 362-398

  Parker, Richard ^a,b   Mauro, Diane Di ^a   Filiano, Beth ^a   Garcia, Jonathan ^a   Muñoz Laboy, Miguel ^a   Sember, Robert ^a  

^a Department of Medicine   (United States)

^b Centre   (United States)

Author keywords

Civil unions; Globalization; Same sex marriage; Sex trafficking; Sex work; Sexual health; Sexual rights

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL FACTOR; FEMALE; HEALTH; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PROSTITUTION; REVIEW; SEXUALITY; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIOLOGY;

CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; FEMALE; HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PROSTITUTION; SEXUAL PARTNERS; SEXUALITY; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; SOCIAL SCIENCES; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 26444497926     PISSN: 10532528     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (230)

1. Adam, B. D., Duyvendak, J. W., & Krouwel, A. (Eds.). (1999). The global emergence of gay and lesbian politics: National imprints of a worldwide movement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
2. Aggleton, P., Parker, R., & Maluwa, M. (2003). Stigma, discrimination and HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
3. Albaek, E. (2003). Scandinavian political studies. Nordic Political Science Association, 26, 245-267.
4. Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh, S. A. (2001). Male and female circumcision: Among Jews, Christians and Muslims: Religious, medical social and legal debate. Warren Center, PA: Shangri-La Publications.
5. Altman, D. (2001). Global sex. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6. Amnesty International. (2002). Claiming women's rights: The optional protocol to the UN women's convention. London: Author. Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGIOR510082002?open&of=ENG- 317
7. Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions ofglobalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
8. Appiah, K. A., & Gates, H. L., Jr. (Eds.). (1995). Identities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9. Arnold, E. M., Smith, T. E., Harrison, D. F., & Springer, D. W. (1999). The effects of abstinence-based sex education programs on middle school student's knowledge and beliefs. Research on Social Work Practice, 9(1), 10-24.
10. Askin, K. D. (1999). Sexual violence in decisions and indictments of the Yugoslav and Rwandan Tribunals: Current status. The American Journal of International Law, 93, 97-124.
11. Associated Press. (2004, November 3). Voters in 11 states reject gay marriage. Retrieved November 3, 2004, from http://www.ohio.com/mld/ohio/ 10081039.htm
12. Atlani, L., & Cecile, R. (2002). Politics of culture in humanitarian aid to women refugees who have experienced sexual violence. Violence & Abuse Abstracts, 8, 91-173.
13. Babst, G. A. (2002). Liberal constitutionalism, marriage, and sexual orientation: A contemporary case for dis-establishment. New York: Peter Lang.
14. Baker v. State, 744 A.2d 864. 81 A.L.R. 5th 627 (Vermont 1999).
15. Barclay, S., & Fisher, S. (2003). The states and the differing impetus for divergent paths on same-sex marriage, 1990-2001. The Policy Studies Journal, 31, 331-351.
16. Basu, A., & McGrory, C. E. (1995). The challenge of local feminisms: Women's movements in global perspective. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
17. Bay-Cheng, L. Y. (2003). The trouble of teen sex: The construction of adolescent sexuality through school-based sexuality education. Sex Education, 3, 61-74.
18. Baylies, C. (2000). Overview-HIV/AIDS in Africa: Global and local inequalities and responsibilities. Review of African Political Economy, 86, 487-501.
19. Becker, M. (2001). Family law in the secular state and restrictions on same-sex marriage: Two are better than one. University of Illinois Law Review, 2001, 1-56.
20. Bennett, L. R., Cannon, J., & Singer, M. (2001). Sexual violence against women: A working bibliography. Development, 44(3), 142-147.
21. Berman, J. (2003). (Un)Popular strangers and crises (un)bounded: Discourses of sex-trafficking, the European community, and the panicked state of the modern state. European Journal of International Relations, 9, 37-86.
22. Bhopal, K. (1997). South Asian women within households: Dowries, degradation and despair. Women's Studies International Forum, 20, 483-492.
23. Biemann, U. (2002). Remotely sensed: A topography of the global sex trade. Feminist Review, 70, 75-88.
24. Boellstorff, T. (2004). Playing back the nation: Waria, Indonesian transvestites. Cultural Anthropology, 19, 159-196.
25. Bonauto, M. L. (2003). Civil marriage as a locus of civil rights struggles. Human Rights, 30(3), 3-7.
26. Bond, J. (2003). International intersectionality: A theoretical and pragmatic exploration of women's international human rights violations. Emory Law Journal, 52, 71-186.
27. Bonin, D. (1999). Same-sex marriage and the argument from public disagreement. Journal of Social Philosophy, 30, 251-259.
28. Brady, M. (1999). Female genital mutilation: Complications and its effects on female sexual function. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 1, 3-10.
29. Braitstein, P., Li, K., Tyndall, M., Spittal, P., O'Shaughnessy, M. V., Schilder, A., et al. (2003). Sexual violence among a cohort of injection drug users. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 561-572.
30. Brook, H. (2002). Rethinking the politics of marriage. Feminist Theory, 3, 45-66.
31. Buston, K., Wight, D., & Hart, G. (2002). Inside the sex education classroom: The importance of context in engaging pupils. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 4, 317-335.
32. Butcher, K. (2003). Confusion between prostitution and sex trafficking. The Lancet, 361, 1983.
33. Calhoun, C. (Ed.). (1994). Social theory and the politics of identity. Cambridge, MA: Black-well.
34. Cameron, E. (1993). Sexual orientation and the constitution. South African Law Journal, 110, 450.
35. Cameron, E. (2002). Constitutional protection of sexual orientation and African conceptions of humanity. South African Law Journal, 118, 642.
36. Carrillo, H. (2002). The night is young: Sexuality in Mexico in the time of AIDS. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
37. Cash, K., Khan, S. I., Nasreen, H., Bhuiya, A., Chowdhury, S., & Chowdhury, A. M. (2001). Telling them their own stories; legitimizing sexual and reproductive health education in rural Bangladesh. Sex Education, 1, 43-57.
38. Castells, M. (1996). The rise of the network society. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
39. Castells, M. (1997). The power of identity. Maiden, MA: Blackwell.
40. Castells, M. (1998). End of millennium. Maiden, MA: Blackwell.
41. Chartier, G. (2001). Natural law, same-sex marriage, and the politics of virtue. UCLA Law Review, 48, 1593-1632.
42. Chiang, L. (2003). Trafficking in women. In K. Askin & D. M. Koenig (Eds.), Women and international human rights law (pp. 321-364). Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers.
43. Clawson, H. J., Small, K. M., Go, E. S., & Myles, B. W. (2003). Needs assessment for service providers and trafficking victims. Fairfax, VA: Caliber.
44. Coalition Against Trafficking in Women. (1999). Declaration of rights for women in conditions of sex trafficking and prostitution. Reproductions, 2. Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/Organizations/ healthnet/SAsia/repro2/ DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CATW.html
45. Cock, J. (2003) Engendering gay and lesbian rights: The equality clause in the South African constitution. Women's Studies International Forum, 26, 35-45.
46. Cook, R. J., & Dickens, B. M. (2002). Human rights and HIV-positive women. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 77(1), 55-63.
47. Cook, R. J., Dickens, B. M., & Fathallla, M. F. (2002). Female genital cutting (mutilation/circumcision): Ethical and legal dimensions. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 79(3), 281-287.
48. Coolidge, D. O. (2001). Reaffirming marriage: A presidential priority. Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 24, 623-651.
49. Cooper, B. (2002). A new approach to protection and law enforcement under the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act. Emory Law Journal, 51, 1041-1059.
50. Copelon, R., & Petchesky, R. (1995). Toward an interdependent approach to reproductive and sexual rights as human rights: Reflections on the ICPD and beyond. In M. Schuler (Ed.), From basic needs to basic rights: Women's claim to human rights (pp. 343-367). Washington, DC: Women Law and Development International.
51. Corrêa, S. (1994). Population and reproductive rights: Feminist perspectives from the south. London; NJ: Zed Books.
52. Corrêa, S., & Parker, R. (2003). Sexuality, human rights, and demographic thinking: Connections and disjunctions in a changing world. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 1(1), 15-38.
53. Corrêa, S., & Petchesky, R. (1994). Reproductive and sexual rights: A feminist perspective. In G. Sen, A. Germaine, & L. Chen (Eds.), Population policies reconsidered: Health, empowerment, and rights (pp. 107-126). Boston, MA; New York, NY: Harvard University Press; International Women's Health Coalition.
54. Corrêa, S., & Sen, G. (1999). Cairo+5: Moving forward in the eye of the storm. Social Watch, 3, 81-86.
55. Cuadra-Hernandez, S. M., Leyva Flores, R., & Hernandez-Rosete, D. (2002). The inclusion of human rights in AIDS/HIV norms in Mexico and Central America. Salud Publica de Mexico, 44, 508-519.
56. Czech Republic rejects partner rights law. (2001, October 25). Retrieved August 26, 2004, from http://www.gay.com/news/article.html?2001/10/25/4
57. Davies, C. (1999). Advocacy for gender equity: The case of bridewealth in Uganda. Promotion and Education, 6, 13-15.
58. De Vos, P. (1996). Same-sex marriage, the right to equality and the South African constitution. South African Public Law, 11, 355.
59. Depuis, M. (2002). Same-sex marriage, legal mobilization, and the politics of rights. New York: Peter Lang.
60. Doezema, J. (2000). Loose women or lost women? The re-emergence of the myth of "white slavery" in contemporary discourses of "trafficking in women." Gender Issues, 18(1), 23-50.
61. Doezema, J. (2001, Spring). Ouch! Western feminists' "wounded attachment" to the "Third World" prostitute. Feminist Review, 67, 16-38.
62. Donati, S., Medda, E., Spinelli, A., & Grandolfo, M. (2000). Sex education in secondary schools: An Italian experience. Journal of Adolescent Health, 26, 303-310.
63. Donham, D. (1998). Freeing South Africa: The "modernization" of male-male sexuality in Soweto. Cultural Anthropology, 13, 3-21.
64. Donovan, J. (2002). Rock-salting the slippery slope: Why same-sex marriage is not a commitment to polygamous marriage. Northern Kentucky Law Review, 29, 521-590.
65. Draucker, C. B. (2001). Learning the harsh realities of life: Sexual violence, disillusionment and meaning. Health Care for Women International, 22, 67-84.
66. Drucker, P. (2000). Different rainbows. London: Gay Men's Press.
67. Dubey, S. R., & Rao Dubey B. (1999). Child marriage in Rajasthan. The Society for International Development, 42(1), 75-77.
68. Edwards, C., & Harder, J. (2000, November 27). Sex slaves: Illegal profits from trafficking in human flesh may soon surpass that from drugs and gunrunning. Insight, 16, 14.
69. Eke, N., & Nkandinieme, K. (1999). Female genital mutilation: A global bug that should not cross the millennium bridge. World Journal of Surgery, 23, 1082-1087.
70. Elchalal, U., Ben-Ami, B., & Brzezinski, A. (1997). Ritualistic female genital mutilation: Current status and future outlook. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, 52, 643-651.
71. Elman, A. (2000). The limits of citizenship: Migration, sex discrimination and same-sex partners in EU Law. Journal of Common Market Studies, 38, 729-749.
72. Enck, J. L. (2003). The United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime: Is it all that it is cracked up to be? Problems posed by the Russian mafia in the trafficking of humans. Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 30, 369-394.
73. Epprecht, M. (1998). The 'unsaying' of indigenous homosexualities in Zimbabwe: Mapping a blind spot in an African masculinity. Journal of Southern African Studies, 24, 631-651.
74. Eskridge, W. N. (1996). The case for same-sex marriage: From sexual liberty to civilized commitment. New York: Free Press.
75. Eskridge, W. N. (2000). Comparative law and the same-sex marriage debate: A step-by-step approach toward state recognition. McGeorge Law Review, 31, 641-672.
76. Eskridge, W. N. (2001). Equality practice: Liberal reflections on the jurisprudence of civil unions. Albany Law Review, 64, 853-881.
77. Ferreira, L. (2002). Access to affordable HIV/AIDS drugs: The human rights obligations of multinational pharmaceutical corporations. Fordham Law Review, 71, 1133.
78. Ford, N., Odallo, D., & Chorlton, R. (2003). Communication from a human rights perspective: Responding to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Eastern and Southern Africa. Journal of Health Communication, 8, 599-612.
79. Fox, E. F., de Ruiter, A., & Bingham, J. S. (1997). Female genital mutilation. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 8, 599-601.
80. Gachiri, E. W. (2000). Female circumcision: With reference to the Agikuyu of Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Paulines Publications Africa.
81. Gagnon, J. H. (2004). An Interpretation of desire: Essays in the study of sexuality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
82. Gallagher, M. (2002). What is marriage for? The public purposes of marriage law. Louisiana Law Review, 62, 773-791.
83. Gerstmann, E. (2004). Same-sex marriage and the Constitution. New York: Cambridge University Press.
84. Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
85. Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
86. Giddens, A. (Ed.). (2001). The global third way debate. Maiden, MA: Blackwell.
87. Gilbert, L., & Walker, L. (2002). Treading the path of least resistance: HIV/AIDS and social inequalities - a South African case study. Social Science and Medicine, 54, 1093-1110.
88. Girard, F. (2000). Beijing plus five: Sexual and reproductive rights are here to stay. Retrieved October 4, 2004, from http://www.iwhc.org/index.cfm? fuseaction=page&pageID=86
89. Girard, F. (2004). Global implications of U.S. domestic and international policies on sexuality (IWGSSP Working Paper No. 1). New York: International Working Group on Sexuality and Social Policy. Retrieved October 1, 2004, from http://www.healthsciences columbia.edu/dept/sph/cgsh/IWGSSPWorkingPaperlEnglish. pdf
90. Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW), Foundation Against Traffic in Women, & International Human Rights Law Group. (1999). Human rights standards for the treatment of trafficked persons. Retrieved September 20, 2005, from http://gaatw.net/bookspdf/hrseng2.pdf
91. Goldenberg-Hiller, J. (2002). The limits to union: Same-sex marriage and the politics of civil rights. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
92. Goodey, J. (2003). Migration, crime and victimhood: Responses to sex trafficking in the EU. Punishment & Society, 5, 415-431.
93. Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, 440 Mass 309, 798 N.E. 2d 941 (Massachusetts 2003).
94. Grigolo, M. (2003). Sexualities and the ECHR: Introducing the universal sexual legal subject. The European Journal of International Law, 14, 1023-1044.
95. Gruenbaum, E. (2001). The female circumcision controversy: An anthropological perspective. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
96. Gruskin, S. (2000). The conceptual and practical implications of reproductive and sexual rights: How far have we come? Health and Human Rights, 4(2), 1-6.
97. Hardee, K., Agarwal, K., Luke, N., Wilson, E., Pendzich, M., Farrell, M., et al. (1999). Reproductive health policies and programs in eight countries: Progress since Cairo. International Family Planning Perspectives, 25(Suppl.), S2-S9.
98. Harvey, D. (1989). The condition of postmodernity: An enquiry into the origins of cultural change. Oxford, UK; Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
99. Held, D., & McGrew, A. (Eds.). (2000). The global transformations reader: An introduction to the globalization debate. Maiden, MA: Polity Press.
100. Herdlein, W. (2002). Something old, something new: Does Massachusetts constitution provide for same-sex 'marriage'? Boston University Public Interest Law Journal, 12, 137-182.
101. Heywood, M. (1998). The AIDS Epidemic in Africa: Openness and human rights. Retrieved June 12, 2005, from http://www.interfund.org.za/vol2no21998. html
102. Hull, K. (2001). The political limits of the rights frame: The case of same-sex marriage in Hawaii. Sociological Perspectives, 44, 207-232.
103. Hull, K. (2003). The cultural power of law and the cultural enactment of legality: The case of same-sex marriage. Law & Social Inquiry, 28, 629-657.
104. Human Rights Watch. (1995). Rape for profit: Trafficking of Nepali girls and women to India's brothels. New York: Author.
105. Human Rights Watch. (2000). Owed justice: Thai women trafficked into debt bondage in Japan. New York: Author.
106. Human Rights Watch. (2001). Recommendations regarding the proposal for a council framework decision on combating trafficking in human beings. New York: Author.
107. Human Rights Watch. (2003). Non-discrimination in civil marriage: Perspectives from international human rights law and practice. Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/lgbt/civil-marriage. pdf.
108. Hynes, M., & Cardozo, B. L. (2000). Observations from the CDC: Sexual violence against refugee women. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine, 9, 819-823.
109. International Organization of Migration. (1997). Trafficking in women to Japan for sexual exploitation: A survey on the case of Filipino women. Geneva: Author.
110. International Rescue Committee. (2004). Trafficking watch (Vol. 3). New York: Author.
111. Jacobi, T. (2002). Same-sex marriage in Vermont: Implications of legislative remand for the judiciary's role. Vermont Law Review, 26, 381-406.
112. Jaleel, H. (2002). Female genital mutilation-case report and discussion. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 13, 850-851.
113. James, S. M. (2002). Genital cutting and transnational sisterhood: Disputing U.S. polemics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
114. Jeter, J. (2003, July 19). Using New Law, Buenos Aires men celebrate civil union. The Washington Post. Retrieved August 26, 2004, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/ wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A14093- 2003Jul18¬Found=true
115. Jewkes, R. (2002). Preventing sexual violence: A rights-based approach. The Lancet, 360, 1092-1094.
116. Jones, J. (2002). Money, sex and the religious right: A constitutional analysis of federally funded Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage sexuality education. Creighton Law Review, 35, 1075-1106.
117. Jordan, A. (2002). The annotated guide to the complete UN Trafficking Protocol. Washington, DC: International Human Rights Law Group.
118. Kempadoo, K., & Doezema, J. (1998). Global sex workers: Rights, resistance, and redefinition. New York: Routledge.
119. Kersch, K. I. (1997). Full faith and credit for same-sex marriages? Political Science Quarterly, 112, 117-136.
120. Khan, M. E., Townsend, J. W., Sinha, R., & Lakhanpal, S. (2002). Sexual violence within marriage: A case study of rural Uttar Pradesh, India. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 21, 133-157.
121. Klugman, B. (2000). Sexual rights in Southern Africa: A Beijing discourse or a strategic necessity? Health and Human Rights, 4(2), 144-173.
122. Kraak, G. (1998). Class, race, nationalism and the politics of identity: A perspective from the South. Development Update, 2(2). Retrieved September 10, 2003, from http:// www.interfund.org.za/vol2no21998.html
123. Kristof, N. (2004a, January 21). Bargaining for freedom. New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/21/opinion/ 21KRIS.html
124. Kristof, N. (2004b, January 17). Girls for sale. New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/17/opinion/ 17KRIS.html
125. Kristof, N. (2004c, January 28). Loss of innocence. New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/28/opinion/ 28kristo-cambodia.html
126. Lamberts-Bendroth, M. (1999). Fundamentalism and the family: Gender, culture, and the American pro-family movement. Journal of Women's History, 10(4), 35-54.
127. Landesman, P. (2004, January 25). The girls next door. New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/25/magazine/ 25SEXTRAFFIC.html
128. Lewis, J., & Knijn, T. (2003). Sex education materials in the Netherlands and in England and Wales: A comparison of content, use, and teaching practice. Oxford Review of Education, 29, 113-150.
129. Liguori, A. L., & Lamas, M. (2003). Commentary: Gender, sexual citizenship and HIV/AIDS. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 5, 87-90.
130. Loff, B., Overs, C., & Longo, P. (2003). Can health programs lead to the mistreatment of sex workers? The Lancet, 361, 1982-1983.
131. Louw, R. (2000). Gay and lesbian partner immigration and the redefining of family, National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality v. Minister of Home Affairs. South African Journal of Human Rights, 16, 321-322.
132. Lyons, H. D. (1999). The representation of trafficking in persons in Asia: Orientalism and other perils. Representations, 2. Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/Organizations/healthnet/SAsia/repro2/ orientalism.htm
133. Macklin, A. (2003). Dancing across borders: 'Exotic dancers,' trafficking, and Canadian immigration policy. The International Migration Review, 37, 464-500.
134. Mainville, M. (2003, September 14). Church ceremony seen by many as publicity stunt: Gay pride isn't on most Russians' radar screens. Toronto Star. Retrieved August 26, 2004, from http://www.209.157.64.200/focus/f-news/982315/ posts
135. Mameli, P. A. (2002). Stopping the illegal trafficking of human beings. Crime, Law and Social Change, 38, 67-80.
136. Manalansan, M. F. (2003). Global divas: Filipino gay men in the Diaspora. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
137. Martin, C., & Théry, I. (2001). The PACS and marriage and cohabitation in France. International Journal of Law Policy & Family, 15, 135-158.
138. Marty, M. E. (1988). Fundamentalism as a social phenomenon. Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 42, 15-29.
139. Marty, M. E., & Appleby, R. S. (Eds.). (1991). Fundamentalisms observed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
140. McMahon, P. M., Goodwin, M. M., & Stringer, G. (2000). Sexual violence and reproductive health. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 4, 121-124.
141. Mello, M. (2004). Legalizing gay marriage. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
142. Merin, Y. (2002). Equality for same-sex couples: The legal recognition of gay partnerships in Europe and the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
143. Mikhail, S. L. B. (2002). Child marriage and child prostitution: Two forms of sexual exploitation. Gender and Development, 10(1), 43-49.
144. Miller, A., & Stewart, A. N. (1998). Report from the Roundtable on the Meaning of "Trafficking in Persons": A human rights perspective. Women's Rights Law Reporter, 20, 11-19.
145. Miller, A. M. (2000). Sexual but not reproductive: Exploring the junction and disjunction of sexual and reproductive rights. Health and Human Rights, 4(2), 68-109.
146. Mink, G. (2001). Violating women: Rights abuse in the welfare police state. The Annals of the American Academy, 577, 79-93.
147. Morrone, A., Hercogova, J., & Lotti, T. (2002). Stop female genital mutilation: Appeal to the international dermatologic community. The International Society of Dermatology, 41, 253-263.
148. Mosikatsana, T. (1996). The definitional exclusion of gays and lesbians from family status. South African Journal of Human Rights, 12, 549-554.
149. Moss, K. (2002). Legitimizing same-sex marriages. Peace Review, 14, 101-107.
150. Moszynski, P. (2002). Sudan's media laws frustrate drives on AIDS and genital mutilation. British Medical Journal, 325, 618.
151. Murphy, J. (2002). The recognition of same-sex families in Britain: The role of private international law. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 16, 181-201.
152. Narrain, A. (2001). Human rights and sexual minorities: Global and local contexts. Law, Social Justice and Global Development, 2, 1-19.
153. Network of Sex Work Projects. (1999). Commentary of the draft Protocol to Combat International Trafficking in Women and Children supplementary to the draft Convention on Transnational Organized Crime. Retrieved September 10, 2003, from http://www.nswp.org/mobility/untoc-comment.html
154. Nkwo, P. O., & Onah, H. E. (2001). Decrease in female genital mutilation among Nigerian Ibo girls. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 75, 321-322.
155. Okonofua, F., Ogbomwan, S., Alutu, A., Kufre, O., & Eghosa, A. (2004). Knowledge, attitudes and experiences of sex trafficking by young women in Benin City, South-South Nigeria. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 1315-1327.
156. Orji, E. O., & Esimai, O. A. (2003). Introduction of sex education into Nigerian schools: The parents', teachers' and students' perspectives. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 23, 185-188.
157. Parker, R. (1997). Sexual rights: Concepts and actions. Health and Human Rights, 2(3), 31-37.
158. Parker, R. (1999). Beneath the equator: Cultures of desire, male homosexuality, and emerging gay communities in Brazil. New York: Routledge.
159. Parker, R., Barbosa, R. M., & Aggleton, P. (Eds.). (2000). Framing the sexual subject: The politics of gender, sexuality and power. Berkeley: University of California Press.
160. Parker, R., & Gagnon, J. H. (Eds.). (1995). Conceiving sexuality: Approaches to sex research in a postmodern world. New York: Routledge.
161. Patterson, C. J. (2001). Same-sex marriage and the interests of children. Virginia Journal of Social Policy and Law, 9, 345-351.
162. Perry, M. J. (2001). Christians, the bible, and same-sex unions: An argument for political self-restraint. Wake Forest Law Review, 36, 449-485.
163. Petchesky, R. (1998). Introduction. In R. Petchesky & K. Judd (Eds.), Negotiating reproductive rights: Women's perspectives across countries and cultures (pp. 81-103). London and New York: Zed Books.
164. Petchesky, R. (2000). Sexual rights: Inventing a concept, mapping an international practice. In R. Parker, R. M. Barbosa & P. Aggleton (Eds.), Framing the sexual subject: The politics of gender, sexuality and power (pp. 81-103). Berkeley: University of California Press.
165. Petchesky, R. (2003). Global prescriptions: Gendering health and human rights. London and New York: Zed Books.
166. Pike, L. (1999). Innocence, danger and desire: Representations of sex workers in Nepal. Reproductions, 2. Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ Organizations/healthnet/SAsia/repro2/LINNETedited. html
167. Potts, L. G. (2003). Global trafficking in human beings: Assessing the success of the United Nations Protocol to Prevent Trafficking in Persons. George Washington International Law Review, 35, 227-250.
168. President's Interagency Council on Women. (2000a). Fact sheet: How has the Clinton administration taken steps to stop the trafficking of women and children. Washington, DC: Author.
169. President's Interagency Council on Women. (2000b). UN trafficking treaty: Myths and facts. Washington, DC: Author.
170. Rahman, A., & Toubia, N. (2000). Female genital mutilation: A guide to laws and policies worldwide. New York: Zed Books.
171. Rashid, S. F. (2000). Providing sex education to adolescents in rural Bangladesh: Experiences from BRAC. Gender and Development, 8(2), 28-37.
172. Ratzinger, J. (2003). Considerations regarding proposals to give legal recognition to unions between homosexual persons. Retrieved July 24, 2004, from http://www. vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/ rc_con_cfaith_doc_20030731_ homosexual-unions_en.html
173. Ratzinger, J. (2004). Letter to the bishops of the Catholic church on the collaboration of men and women in the church and in the world. Retrieved July 23, 2004, from http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/ rc_con_cfaith_doc_ 20040731_collaboration_en.html
174. Raymond, J. (2002). The new UN trafficking protocol. Women's Studies International Forum, 25, 491-502.
175. Richards, C. (2002). The legal recognition of same-sex couples - the French perspective. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 51, 305-324.
176. Robinson, B. (2001). The road to inclusion for same-sex couples: Lessons from Vermont. Seton Hall Constitutional Law Journal, 11, 237-257.
177. Rotskoff, L. E. (2001). Sex in the schools: Adolescence, sex education and social reform. Reviews in American History, 29, 310-318.
178. Ryf, K. C. (2002). The first modern anti-slavery law: The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 34, 45-72.
179. Sadik, N. (2000). Progress in protecting reproductive rights and promoting reproductive health: Five years since Cairo. Health and Human Rights, 4(2), 7-15.
180. Sadler, A. G., Booth, B. M., Nielson, D., & Doebbeling, B. N. (2000). Health-related consequences of physical and sexual violence: Women in the military. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 96, 473-481.
181. Sanders, T. (2001). Female street sex workers, sexual violence, and protection strategies. Violence & Abuse Abstracts, 7, 259-371.
182. Sangera, J. (1999). In the belly of the beast: Sex trade, prostitution and globalization. Reproductions, 2. Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ Organizations/healthnet/SAsia/repro2/jyoti_sangera, .htm
183. Santos, N., Ventura-Filipe, E., & Paiva, V. (1998). HIV positive women, reproduction, and sexuality in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Reproductive Health Matters, 6(12), 31-40.
184. Saunders, P. (2000). Migration, sex work, and trafficking in persons. Retrieved February 11, 2004, from http://www.walnet.org/csis/papers/saunders- migration.html
185. Schowengerdt, D. M. (2002). Defending marriage: A litigation strategy to oppose same-sex marriage. Regent University Law Review, 14, 487-510.
186. Sedler, R. A. (2004). The constitution should protect the right to same-sex marriage. Wayne Law Review, 49, 975-1005.
187. Sen, G., Germain, A., & Chen, L. (1994). Population policies reconsidered: Health, empowerment, and rights. Boston, MA; New York, NY: Harvard University Press; International Women's Health Coalition.
188. Singh, J. (2001, May 29). Gay couple hold Hindu wedding. BBC News. Retrieved August 26, 2004, from http:/news.bbc.co.uk/l/hi/world/southasia/ 1357249.stm
189. Simon, W. (1996). Postmodern sexualities. New York: Routledge.
190. Skjelsbaek, I. (2001). Sexual violence and war: Mapping out a complex relationship. European Journal of International Relations, 7, 211-237.
191. Smith, A. M. (2001). The politicization of marriage in contemporary American public policy: The Defense of Marriage Act and the Personal Responsibility Act. Citizenship Studies, 5, 303-320.
192. Smith, B. (Ed.). (2000). Global feminisms: A survey of issues and controversies. London and New York: Routledge.
193. South African Law Reform Commission. (2003, December 1). Domestic partnerships (No. Discussion Paper 104, Project 118) Pretoria, South Africa: South African Law Reform Commission. Retrieved August 26, 2004, from http://www.law.wits.ac.za/salc/ discussn/dp104-introduction.pdf
194. Spaht, K. S. (2003). Revolution and counter-revolution: The future of marriage in law. Loyola Law Review, 49, 1-78.
195. Sparling, T. A. (2001). All in the family: Recognizing the unifying potential of same-sex marriage. Law & Sexuality, 10, 187-209.
196. Steiner, E. (2000). The spirit of the new French registered partnership law-promoting autonomy and pluralism or weakening marriage? Child and Family Law Quarterly, 12, 1-14.
197. Strasser, M. (1999). The challenge of same-sex marriage: Federalist principles and constitutional protections. Westport, Ct.: Praeger.
198. Strasser, M. (2002). On same-sex marriage, civil unions, and the rule of law. West Port, CT: Praeger.
199. Strasser, M. (2004). Lawrence and same-sex marriage bans: On constitutional interpretation and sophistical rhetoric. Brooklyn Law Review, 69, 1003-1036.
200. Stychin, C. F. (2001). Civil solidarity or fragmented identities? The politics of sexuality and citizenship in France. Social and Legal Studies, 10, 347-375.
201. Taylor, I., & Jamieson, R. (1999). Sex trafficking and the mainstream of marketing culture: Challenges to organized crime analysis. Crime, Law and Social Change, 32, 257-278.
202. Tiemoko, R. (2001). The gender age gap: Marriage and rights in the Côte d'Ivoire. Development, 44(2), 104-106.
203. Trafficking in women: Procuring Russians for sex abroad - even in America. (1997, April 7). U.S. News & World Report, 122, 38.
204. Trujillo, A. L. (2000a). Declaration of the Pontificial Council for the Family regarding the resolution of the European Parliament dated March 16, 2000, making de facto unions, including same sex unions, equal to the family. Retrieved March 24, 2004, from http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/ pontifical_councils/family/documents/rc_pc_f.amily_doc_20000317_declaration- homosexual-unions_en.html
205. Trujillo, A. L. (2000b). Family, marriage and "De Facto Unions." Retrieved March 24, 2004, from http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/ pontifical_councils/family/documents/ rc_pc_f.amily_doc_20001109_de-facto- unions_en.html
206. United Nations Development Programme. (2000). Human development report 2000: Human rights and human development. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
207. United Nations International Conference on Population and Development (1994) Programme of Action. Retrieved October 1, 2004, from http://www.iisd.ca/ Cairo/ program/p00000.html.
208. Uzel, R. (1999). Advocacy and education for reproductive rights: Sex education in the Czech Republic. Medicine and Law, 18, 313-316.
209. Van Impe, K. (2000). People for sale: The need for a multidisciplinary approach towards human trafficking. International Migration, 38(3), 113-130.
210. Vaughn, M. (1999). Police sexual violence: Civil liability under state tort law. Crime & Delinquency, 45, 334.
211. Vermont Civil Union Act No. 91, Sec.3.15 V.S.A. §1204 (2000).
212. Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, 22 USC §7101 (2000). Retrieved September 20, 2004, from http:/www.state.gov/ documents/organization/10492.pdf
213. von Struensee, V. (2000). Sex trafficking: A plea for action. European Law Journal, 6, 379-407.
214. Walker, A. (1996). Warrior marks: Female genital mutilation and the sexual blinding of women. San Diego: Harcourt Brace.
215. Wallace, M. R. (2002). Voiceless victims: Sex slavery and trafficking of African women in Western Europe. Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, 30, 569-593.
216. Wardle, L. D. (2003). Marriage and same-sex unions: A debate. Westport, Ct.: Praeger.
217. Watchirs, H. (2003). AIDS audit: HIV and human rights: An Australian pilot. Law & Policy, 25, 245-268.
218. Waters, M. (1995). Globalization. London; New York: Routledge.
219. Wedgwood, R. (1999). The fundamental argument for same-sex marriage. The Journal of Political Philosophy, 7, 225-242.
220. Whitehorn, J., Ayonrinde, O., & Maingay, S. (2002). Female genital mutilation: Cultural and psychological implications. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 17, 161-170.
221. Wijers, M., & Lap-Chew, L. (1997). Trafficking in women: Forced labor and slavery-like practices in marriage, domestic labour, and prostitution. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Foundation Against Trafficking in Women.
222. Wildenboer, H. (2000). The status of same-sex unions in South Africa. Codicillus, 41, 54.
223. Wilets, James (1995). International human rights law and sexual orientation. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 18, 1-120.
224. Wilets, James (1997). Conceptualizing private violence against sexual minorities as gendered violence: An international and comparative law perspective. Albany Law Review 60, 989-1050.
225. William, K. (2004). "I do" or "we won't": Legalizing same-sex marriage in South Africa. South African Journal on Human Rights, 20, 32-63.
226. Wolfson, E. (2004). Why marriage matters: America, equality, and gay people's right to marry. New York: Simon & Schuster.
227. Wolhuter, L. (1997). Equality and the concept of difference: Same-sex marriage in the light of the final Constitution. South African Law Journal, 114, 389-408.
228. Worku, A., & Addisie, M. (2002). Sexual violence among female high school students in Debark, Northwest Ethiopia. The East African Medicinal Journal: The Organ of the Medical Association of East Africa, 79, 96-101.
229. World Health Organization. (1997). Female genital mutilation: A joint WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA statement. Geneva: Author.
230. World Health Organization. (2002). Gender and reproductive health glossary. Retrieved October 1, 2004, from http://www.who.int/reproductive- health/gender/glossary.html