Altered corneal nerves in aqueous tear deficiency viewed by in vivo confocal microscopy

Cornea

Volumn 24, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 818-824

  Zhang, Mei ^a   Chen, Jiaqi ^a   Luo, Lihui ^a   Xiao, Qiguo ^a,b   Sun, Mingxia ^a   Liu, Zuguo ^a  

^a SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CHINA   (China)

Author keywords

Confocal microscopy; Cornea; Dry eye syndromes; Nerve fibers; Sj gren syndrome

Indexed keywords

EYE DROPS; FLUORESCEIN; OXYBUPROCAINE; ROSE BENGAL;

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORNEA; CORNEA EPITHELIUM; DENSITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRY EYE; FEMALE; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; LACRIMAL DUCT; MALE; MICROSCOPE; MORPHOLOGY; NERVE FIBER; NERVE FIBER GROWTH; NERVE REGENERATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSATION; SJOEGREN SYNDROME; STAINING;

ADULT; CORNEA; CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; MIDDLE AGED; NERVE FIBERS; OPHTHALMIC NERVE; SJOGREN'S SYNDROME; TEARS;

EID: 25844498797     PISSN: 02773740     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.ico.0000154402.01710.95     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Lemp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. CLAO J. 1995;21:221-232.
2. Borchers AT, Naguwa SM, Keen CL, et al. Immunopathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2003;25:89-104.
3. Tsubota K. The importance of the Schirmer test with nasal stimulation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;111:106-108.
4. Stern ME, Gao J, Schwalb TA, et al. Conjunctival T-cell subpopulations in Sjogren's and non-Sjogren's patients with dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:2609-2614.
5. Mathers WD. Why the eye becomes dry: a cornea and lacrimal gland feedback model. CLAO J. 2000;26:159-165.
6. Stern ME, Gao J, Siemasko KF, et al. The role of the lacrimal functional unit in the pathophysiology of dry eye. Exp Eye Res2E 2004;78:409-416.
7. Stern ME, Beuerman RW, Fox RI, et al. The pathology of dry eye: the interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands. Cornea. 1998;17:584-589.
8. Baudouin C. The pathology of dry eye. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;45 (Suppl 2):S211-S220.
9. Gemignani F, Marbini A, Pavesi G, et al. Peripheral neuropathy associated with primary Sjogren's syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57:983-986.
10. Barendregt PJ, van den Bent MJ, van Raaij-van den Aarssen VJ, et al. Involvement of the peripheral nervous system in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60:876-881.
11. Hietaharju A, Yli-Kerttula U, Hakkinen V, et al. Nervous system manifestations in Sjogren's syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand. 1990;81:144-152.
12. Tajima Y, Mito Y, Owada Y, et al. Neurological manifestations of primary Sjogren's syndrome in Japanese patients. Intern Med. 1997;36:690-693.
13. Zoukhri D, Kublin CL. Impaired neurotransmitter release from lacrimal and salivary gland nerves of a murine model of Sjogren's syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:925-932.
14. Xu KP, Yagi Y, Tsubota K. Decrease in corneal sensitivity and change in tear function in dry eye. Cornea. 1996;15:235-239.
15. De Paiva CS, Pflugfelder SC. Corneal epitheliopathy of dry eye induces hyperesthesia to mechanical air jet stimulation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004; 137:109-115.
16. Rosenberg ME, Tervo TM, Immonen IJ, et al. Corneal structure and sensitivity in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41: 2915-2921.
17. Saito J, Enoki M, Hara M, et al. Correlation of corneal sensation, but not of basal or reflex tear secretion, with the stage of diabetic retinopathy. Cornea. 2003;22:15-18.
18. Murphy PJ, Patel S, Marshall J. The effect of long-term, daily contact lens wear on corneal sensitivity. Cornea. 2001;20:264-269.
19. Pérez-Santonja JJ, Sakla HF, Cardona C, et al. Corneal sensitivity after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis for low myopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127:497-504.
20. Matsui H, Kumano Y, Zushi I, et al. Corneal sensation after correction of myopia by photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:370-373.
21. Kim WS, Kim JS. Change in corneal sensitivity following laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999;25:368-373.
22. Goebbels M. Tear secretion and tear film function in insulin dependent diabetics. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84:19-21.
23. Seifart U, Strempel I. The dry eye and diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmologe. 1994;91:235-239.
24. Du Toit R, Situ P, Simpson T, et al. The effects of six months of contact lens wear on the tear film, ocular surfaces, and symptoms of presbyopes. Optom Vis Sci. 2001;78:455-462.
25. Begley CG, Caffery B, Nichols KK, et al. Responses of contact lens wearers to a dry eye survey. Optom Vis Sci. 2000;77: 40-46.
26. Hovanesian JA, Shah SS, Maloney RK. Symptoms of dry eye and recurrent erosion syndrome after refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2001;27:577-584.
27. Goto T, Zheng X, Klyce SD, et al. Evaluation of the tear film stability after laser in situ keratomileusis using the tear film stability analysis system. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137:116-120.
28. Albietz JM, Lenton LM, McLennan SG. Effect of laser in situ keratomileusis for hyperopia on tear film and ocular surface. J Refract Surg. 2002;18:113-123.
29. Jalbert I, Stapleton F, Papas E, et al. in vivo confocal microscopy of the human cornea. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:225-236.
30. Oliveira-Soto L, Efron N. Morphology of corneal nerves using confocal microscopy. Cornea. 2001;20:374-384.
31. Kallinikos P, Berhanu M, O'Donnell C, et al. Corneal nerve tortuosity in diabetic patients with neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45: 418-422.
32. Linna TU, Vesaluoma MH, Pérez-Santonja JJ, et al. Effect of myopic LASIK on corneal sensitivity and morphology of subbasal nerves. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:393-397.
33. Oliveira-Soto L, Efron N. Morphology of corneal nerves in soft contact lens wear. A comparative study using confocal microscopy. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2003;23:163-174.
34. Patel SV, McLaren JW, Hodge DO, et al. Confocal microscopy in vivo in corneas of long-term contact lens wearers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:995-1003.
35. Tuominen IS, Konttinen YT, Vesaluoma MH, et al. Corneal innervation and morphology in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:2545-2549.
36. Benitez del Castillo JM, Wasfy MA, Fernandez C, et al. An in vivo confocal masked study on corneal epithelium and subbasal nerves in patients with dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:3030-3035.
37. Ohashi Y, Ishida R, Kojima T, et al. Abnormal protein profiles in tears with dry eye syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:219-299.
38. Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R. and the European Study Group on classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome: classification criteria for Sjögren's syndrome - a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61: 554-558.
39. van Bijsterveld OP. Diagnostic test in the sicca syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1969;82:10-14.
40. Brignole F, Pisella P, Goldschild M, et al. Flow cytometric analysis of inflammatory markers in conjunctival epithelial cells of patients with dry eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:1356-1363.
41. Millodot M. The influence of age on the sensitivity of the cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1977;16:240-242.
42. Kawabuchi M, Chongjian Z, Islam AT, et al. The effect of aging on the morphological nerve changes during muscle reinnervation after nerve crush. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 1998;13:117-127.
43. Matsuka Y, Spigelman I. Hyperosmolar solutions selectively block action potentials in rat myelinated sensory fibers: implications for diabetic neuropathy. J Neurophysiol. 2004;91:48-56.
44. Tishler M, Yaron I, Shirazi I, et al. Increased salivary interleukin-6 levels in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Rheumatol Int. 1999;18: 125-127.
45. Solomon A, Dursun D, Liu Z, et al. Pro- and anti-inflammatory forms of interleukin-1 in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with dry-eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:2283-2292.
46. Manni L, Aloe L. Role of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in the regulation of NGF in experimentally induced arthritis in mice. Rheumatol Int. 1998; 18:97-102.
47. Herx LM, Rivest S, Yong VW. Central nervous system-initiated inflammation and neurotrophism in trauma: IL-1 beta is required for the production of ciliary neurotrophic factor. J Immunol. 2000;165:2232-2239.
48. Creange A, Lefaucheur JP, Authier FJ, et al. Cytokines and peripheral neuropathies. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1998;154:208-216.
49. Tervo T. Consecutive demonstration of nerves containing catecholamine and acetylcholinesterase in the rat cornea. Histochemistry. 1977;50:291-299.
50. Ueda S, del Cerro M, LoCascio JA, et al. Peptidergic and catecholaminergic fibers in the human corneal epithelium. An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl. 1989; 192:80-90.
51. Tervo K, Tervo T, Eranko L, et al. Substance P-immunoreactive nerves in the human cornea and iris. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1982;23:671-674.
52. Müller LJ, Vrensen GF, Pels L, et al. Architecture of human corneal nerves. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:985-994.