Carotenoid and lipid content in muscle of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, transferred to seawater as 0+ or 1+ smolts

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Volumn 138, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 29-40

  Ytrestoyl T ^a   Coral Hinostroza, G ^a,c   Hatlen, B ^a,b   Robb, D H F ^b   Bjerkeng, B ^a  

^a NOFIMA   (Norway)

^b CARGILL INC   (United States)

^c INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y NUTRICIÓN SALVADOR ZUBIRÁN   (Mexico)

Author keywords

4 Hydroxyechinenone; Atlantic salmon; Canthaxanthin; Colour; Condition factor; Fat; Pigmentation; Quality

Indexed keywords

4' HYDROXYECHINENONE; ASTAXANTHIN; CANTHAXANTHIN; CAROTENOID; HEXANE; KETONE DERIVATIVE; LIPID; SEA WATER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ABSORPTION; ARTICLE; ATLANTIC SALMON; BIOTRANSFORMATION; BODY MASS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIPID COMPOSITION; MEASUREMENT; MUSCLE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REDUCTION; SALMON; THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY;

SALMO; SALMO SALAR;

EID: 2442485826     PISSN: 10964959     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.01.011     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Aas G.H., Bjerkeng B, Hatlen B., Storebakken T. Idoxanthin, a major carotenoid in the muscle of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed diets containing astaxanthin. Aquaculture. 150:1997;135-142
2. Baker R.T.M., Pfeiffer A.-M., Schöner F.-J., Smith-Lemmon L. Pigmenting efficacy of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in fresh-water reared Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 99:2002;97-106
3. Berrill I.K., Porter M.J.R., Smart A., Mitchell D., Bromage N.R. Photoperiodic effects on precocious maturation, growth and smoltification in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Aquaculture. 222:2003;239-252
4. Bjerkeng B., Storebakken T., Liaaen-Jensen S. Pigmentation of rainbow trout from start feeding to sexual maturation. Aquaculture. 108:1992;333-346
5. Bjerkeng B., Følling M., Lagocki S., Storebakken T., Olli J.J., Alsted N. Bioavailability of all-E-astaxanthin and Z-astaxanthin isomers in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture. 157:1997a;63-82
6. Bjerkeng B., Refstie S., Fjalestad K.T., Storebakken T., Rødbotten M., Roem A. Quality parameters of the flesh of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as affected by dietary fat content and full-fat soybean meal as a partial substitute for fish meal in the diet. Aquaculture. 157:1997b;297-309
7. Bjerkeng B., Johnsen K, Mayer I., Storebakken T., Nilssen K.J. Influence of 11-ketotestosterone, 17β-estradiol, and 3, 5, 3′-triiodo-L- thyronine on distribution and metabolism of carotenoids in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, L. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 21:1999;353-364
8. Bjerkeng B., Hatlen B., Jobling M. Astaxanthin and its metabolites idoxanthin and crustaxanthin in flesh, skin, and gonads of sexually immature and maturing Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. 125:2000;395-404
9. Buttle L.G., Crampton V.O., Williams P.D. The effect of feed pigment type on flesh pigment deposition and colour in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Aquac. Res. 32:2001;103-111
10. CIE (International Commission on Illumination), 1986. Colorimetry, 2nd ed., Publication CIE No. 15.2, Central Bureau of the CIE, Vienna, Austria
11. Duncan N.J., Auchinachie N., Robertson D., Murray R., Bromage N. Growth, maturation and survival of out-of-season 0+ and 1+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. Aquaculture. 168:1998;325-339
12. Duncan H.J., Thrush M.A., Elliott J.A.K., Bromage N.R. Seawater growth and maturation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) transferred to sea at different times during the year. Aquaculture. 213:2002;293-309
13. Duston J., Saunders R.L. Advancing smolting to autumn in age 0+ Atlantic salmon by photoperiod, and long-term performance in sea water. Aquaculture. 135:1995;295-309
14. Einen O., Mørkøre T., Rørå A.M.B., Thomassen M.S. Feed ration prior to slaughter-a potential tool for managing product quality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture. 178:1999;149-169
15. Gaignon J.L., Quemener L. Influence of early thermic and photoperiodic control on growth and smoltification in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquat. Living Resour. 5:1992;185-195
16. Gjedrem T. Genetic improvement of cold-water fish species. Aquac. Res. 31:2000;25-33
17. Hatlen B., Arnesen A.M., Jobling M., Siikavuopio S., Bjerkeng B. Carotenoid pigmentation in relation to feed intake, growth and social interactions in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), from two anadromous strains. Aquac. Nutr. 3:1997;189-199
18. Hatlen B., Jobling M., Bjerkeng B. Relationships between carotenoid concentration and colour of fillets of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), fed astaxanthin. Aquac. Res. 29:1998;191-202
19. Henmi H., Iwata T., Hata M., Hata M. Studies on the carotenoids in the muscle of salmons 1. Intracellular distribution of carotenoids in the muscle. Tohoku J. Agric. Res. 37:1987;101-111
20. Henmi H., Hata M., Hata M. Studies on the carotenoids in the muscle of salmon. 2. Astaxanthin and or canthaxanthin-actomyosin complex in salmon muscle. Nippon Suisan Gakk. 55:1989;1583-1589
21. Henmi H., Hata M., Takeuchi M. Resonance Raman and circular-dichroism studies of astaxanthin and/or canthaxanthin in salmon muscle. Nippon Suisan Gakk. 56:1990a;1825-1828
22. Henmi H., Hata M., Hata M. Combination of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin with fish muscle actomyosins associated with their surface hydrophobicity. Nippon Suisan Gakk. 56:1990b;1821-1823
23. Henmi H., Hata M., Takeuchi M. Studies on the carotenoids in the muscle of salmon-V. Combination of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin with bovine serum-albumin and egg-albumin. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B99:1991;609-612
24. Johnston I.A., Alderson R., Sandham C., Dingwall A., Mitchell D., Selkirk C., et al. Muscle fibre density in relation to the colour and texture of smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture. 189:2000;335-349
25. Khare A., Moss G.P., Weedon B.C.L., Matthews A.D. Identification of astaxanthin in Scottish salmon. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B45:1973;971-973
26. Kiessling A., Olsen R.-E., Buttle L. Given the same dietary carotenoid inclusion, Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (L.) display higher blood levels of canthaxanthin than astaxanthin. Aquac. Nutr. 9:2003;253-261
27. McCormick S.D., Hansen L.P., Quinn T.P., Saunders R.L. Movement, migration, and smolting of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55:(Suppl. 1):1998;77-92
28. Metcalfe N.B., Thorpe J.E. Determinants of geographical variation in the age of seaward-migrating salmon, Salmo salar. J. Anim. Ecol. 59:1990;135-145
29. Moe N.H. Key factors in marketing farmed salmon. Proc. Nutr. Soc. New Zealand. 15:1990;16-22
30. Mørkøre T., Rørvik K.-A. Seasonal variations in growth, feed utilisation and product quality of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) transferred to seawater as 0+ smolts or 1+ smolts. Aquaculture. 199:2001;145-157
31. Nickell D.C., Bromage N.R. The effect of dietary lipid level on variation of flesh pigmentation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture. 161:1998;237-251
32. No H.K., Storebakken T. Color stability of rainbow trout fillets during frozen storage. J. Food Sci. 56:1991;969-972, 984
33. Norwegian Standard, 1994a. Atlantisk laks. Referanse-prøveuttak for bedømmelse av kvalitet. NS 9401, Norsk Standard, Oslo, Norway, 3 p
34. Norwegian Standard, 1994b. Atlantisk laks. Måling av farge og fett. NS 9402, Norsk Standard, Oslo, Norway, 5 p
35. Rasmussen R.S. Quality of farmed salmonids with emphasis on proximate composition, yield and sensory characteristics. Aquac. Res. 32:2001;767-786
36. Rüttiman A., Schiedt K., Vecchi M. Separation of (3R, 3′R)-, (3R, 3′S; meso)-, (3S, 3′S)-zeaxanthin, (3R, 3′R, 6′R)-, (3R, 3′S, 6′S)- and (3S, 3′S, 6′S)-lutein via the dicarbamates of (S)- (+)-α-(1-naphtyl) ethyl isocyanate. J. High Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 6:1983;612-616
37. Schiedt K. New aspects of carotenoid metabolism in animals. Krinsky N.I., Mathews-Roth M.M., Taylor R.F. Carotenoids: Chemistry and Biology. 1989;247-268 Plenum Press, New York
38. Schiedt K., Liaaen-Jensen S. Isolation and analysis. Britton G., Liaaen-Jensen S., Pfander H. Carotenoids. Isolation and Analysis. 1A:1995;81-108 Birkhäuser, Basel
39. Schiedt K., Leuenberger F.J., Vecchi M. Natural occurrence of enantiomeric and meso-astaxanthin 5. Ex wild salmon (Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus). Helv. Chim. Acta. 64:1981;449-457
40. Schiedt K., Leuenberger F.J., Vecchi M., Glinz E. Absorption, retention, and metabolic transformations of carotenoids in rainbow trout, salmon and chicken. Pure Appl. Chem. 57:1985;685-692
41. Schiedt K., Vecchi M., Glinz E. Astaxanthin and its metabolites in wild rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B83:1986;9-12
42. Schiedt K., Vecchi M., Glinz E., Storebakken T. Metabolism of carotenoids in salmonids II. Distribution and absolute configuration of idoxanthin in various organs and tissues of one Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) fed with astaxanthin. Helv. Chim. Acta. 71:1988a;881-886
43. Schiedt K., Vecchi M., Glinz E., Storebakken T. Metabolism of carotenoids in salmonids. Metabolites of astaxanthin and cantaxanthin in the skin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Helv. Chim. Acta. 71:1988b;887-896
44. Schiedt K., Foss P., Storebakken T., Liaaen-Jensen S. Metabolism of carotenoids in salmonids I. Idoxanthin, a metabolite of astaxanthin in the flesh of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) under varying external conditions. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B92:1989;277-281
45. Shahidi F., Metusalach, Brown J.A. Carotenoids in seafoods and aquaculture. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 38:1998;1-67
46. Shearer K.D. Factors affecting the proximate composition of cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids. Aquaculture. 119:1994;63-88
47. Sokal R., Rohlf F.J. Biometry. 3rd ed :1995;W.H. Freeman, New York, NY
48. Storebakken T., No H.K. Pigmentation of rainbow trout. Aquaculture. 100:1992;209-229
49. Storebakken T., Foss P., Schiedt K., Austreng E., Liaaen-Jensen S., Manz U. Carotenoids in diets for salmonids IV. Pigmentation of Atlantic salmon with astaxanthin, astaxanthin dipalmitate and canthaxanthin. Aquaculture. 65:1987;279-292
50. Vecchi M, Müller R.K. Separation of (3S, 3′S)-, (3R, 3′R)- and (3S, 3′R)-astaxanthin via (-)-camphanic acid esters. J. High Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 2:1979;195-196