Packing and uniaxial alignment of liquid crystalline oligofluorenes

Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 206, Issue 16, 2005, Pages 1597-1609

  Chi, Chunyan ^a   Lieser, Günter ^a   Enkelmann, Volker ^a   Wegner, Gerhard ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR POLYMER RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Liquid crystals; Oligofluorenes; Orientation; Smectic phase; Solid state structure

Indexed keywords

FLUORESCENCE; GLASS TRANSITION; LIQUID CRYSTALS; POLYMERIZATION; QUENCHING; SINGLE CRYSTALS; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

OLIGOFLUORENES; ORIENTATION; SMECTIC PHASE; SOLID-STATE STRUCTURES;

OLIGOMERS;

EID: 24344507294     PISSN: 10221352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/macp.200500134     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. A. C. Grimsdale, P. Leclère, R. Lazzaroni, J. D. Mackenzie, C. Murphy, S. Setayesh, C. Silva, R. H. Friend, K. Müllen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2002, 12, 729.
2. J. Teetsov, M. A. Fox, J. Mater. Chem. 1999, 9, 2117.
3. [3a] U. Scherf, E. J. W. List, Adv. Mater. 2002, 14, 477;
4. [3b] D. Neher, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2001, 22, 1365.
5. J. M. Lupton, M. R. Craig, E. W. Meijer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 4489.
6. S. Sinha, C. Rothe, R. Güntner, U. Scherf, A. P. Monkman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 90, 127402.
7. [6a] R. W. T. Higgins, A. P. Monkman, H.-G. Nothofer, U. Scherf, J. Appl. Phvs. 2002, 91, 99;
8. [6b] B. P. Lyons, K. S. Wong, A. P. Monkman, J. Chem. Phys. 2003, 118, 4707.
9. M. Grell, D. D. C. Bradley, M. Inbasekaran, E. P. Woo, Adv. Mater. 1997, 9, 798.
10. M. Grell, W. Knoll, D. Lupo, A. Meisel, T. Miteva, D. Neher, H. G. Nothofer, U. Scherf, A. Yasuda, Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 671.
11. M. Redecker, D. D. C. Bradley, M. Inbasekaran, E. P. Woo, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 74, 1400.
12. H. Sirringhaus, R. J. Wilson, R. H. Friend, M. Inbasekaran, W. Wu, E. P. Woo, M. Grell, D. D. C. Bradley, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 77, 406.
13. T. Yasuda, K. Fujita, T. Tsutsui, Y. Geng, S. W. Culligan, S. H. Chen, Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 264.
14. A. Meisel, "Alignment, Characterization and Application of Polyfluorene in Polarized Light-Emitting Devices", Ph. D. Dissertation, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt 2001.
15. H.-G. Nothofer, A. Meisel, T. Miteva, D. Neher, M. Forster, M. Oda, G. Lieser, D. Sainova, A. Yasuda, D. Lupo, W. Knoll, U. Scherf, Macromol. Symp. 2000, 154, 139.
16. M. J. Winokur, Structural Studies of Conducting Polymers, in: Handbook of Conducting Polymers, T. A. Skotheim, R. L. Elsenbaumer, J. R. Reynolds, Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York 1998, p. 707.
17. M. J. Winokur, W. Chunwachirasiri, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys. 2003, 41, 2630.
18. [16a] M. Grell, D. D. C. Bradley, G. Ungar, J. Hill, K. S. Whitehead, Macromolecules 1999, 32, 5810;
19. [16b] M. Grell, D. D. C. Bradley, X. Long, T. Chamberlain, M. Inbasekaran, E. P. Woo, M. Soliman, Acta Polym. 1998, 49, 439;
20. [16c] M. Grell, D. D. C Bradley, M. Inbasekaran, G. Ungar, K. S. Whitehead, E. P. Woo, Synth. Met. 2000, 111-112, 579;
21. [16d] S. H. Chen, H. L. Chou, A. C. Su, S. A. Chen, Macromolecules 2004, 37, 6833;
22. [16e] W. Chunwaschirasiri, B. Tanto, D. L. Huber, M. J. Winokur, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 94, 107402;
23. [16f] M. J. Winokur, J. Slinker, D. L. Huber, Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67, 184106.
24. [17a] B. Tanto, S. Guha, C. M. Martin, U. Scherf, M. J. Winokur, Macromolecules 2004, 37, 9438;
25. [17b] M. Knaapila, R. Stepanyan, M. Torkkeli, B. P. Lyons, T. P. Ikonen, L. Almásy, J. P. Foreman, R. Serimaa, R. Güntner, U. Scherf, A. P. Monkman, Phys. Rev. E 2005, 71, 041802;
26. [17c] G. Lieser, M. Oda, T. Miteva, A. Meisel, H. G. Nothofer, U. Scherf, D. Neher, Macromolecules 2000, 33, 4490;
27. [17d] M. Knaapila, B. P. Lyons, K. Kisko, J. P. Foreman, U. Vainio, M. Mihaylova, O. H. Seeck, L.-O. Pålsson, R. Serimaa, M. Torkkeli, A. P. Monkman, J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 12425;
28. [17e] M. Knaapila, K. Kisko, B. P. Lyons, R. Stepanyan, J. P. Foreman, O. H. Seeck, U. Vainio, L.-O. Pålsson, R. Serimaa, M. Torkkeli, A. P. Monkman. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 10711;
29. [17f] M. Knaapila, B. P. Lyons, K. Kisko, O. H. Seeck, J. P. Foreman, U. Vainio, R. Serimaa, M. Torkkeli, A. P. Monkmann, Proc. SPIE 2004, 5579, 226;
30. [17g] B. P. Lyons, A. P. Monkman, J. Appl. Phys. 2004, 96, 4735;
31. [17h] M. Knaapila, R. Stepanyan, B. P. Lyons, M. Torkkeli, T. P. A. Hase, R. Serimaa, R. Güntner, O. H. Seeck, U. Scherf, A. P. Monkman, Macromolecules 2005, 38, 2744;
32. [17i] Y. Jung, T.-Y. Cho, D. Y. Yoon, C. W. Frank, J. Lüning, Macromolecules 2005, 38, 867-872;
33. [17j] M. Tammer, R. W. T. Higgins, A. P. Monkman, J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 91, 4010;
34. [17k] S. Kawana, M. Durrell, J. Lu, J. E. Macdonald, M. Grell, D. D. C. Bradley, P. C. Jukes, R. A. L. Jones, S. L. Bennett, Polymer 2002, 43, 1907.
35. K. Müllen, G. Wegner, Electronic Materials: The oligomer Approach, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, New York 1998.
36. [19a] S. H. Lee, T. Tsutsui, Thin Solid Film 2000, 363, 76;
37. [19b] Y. Geng, A. Trajkovska, D. katsis, J. J. Ou, S. W. Culligan, S. H. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 8337;
38. [19c] R. Anėmian, J.-C. Mulatier, C. Andraud, O. Stephan, J.-C. Vial, Chem. Commun. 2002, 1608;
39. [19d] Y. Geng, A. C. A. Chen, J. J. Ou, S. H. Chen, K. Klubek, K. M. Vaeth, C. W. Tang, Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 4352;
40. [19e] K.-T. Wong, Y.-Y. Chien, R.-T. Chen, C.-F. Wang, Y.-T. Lin, H.-H. Chiang, P.-Y Hsieh, C.-C. Wu, C. H. Chou, Y. O. Su, G.-H. Lee, S.-M. Peng, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 11576;
41. [19f] Y. Geng, A. Trajkovska, S. W. Culligan, J. J. Ou, H. M. P. Chen, D. Katsis, S. H. Chen. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 14032-14038;
42. [19g] G. Klaerner, R. D. Miller, Macromolecules 1998, 31, 2007;
43. [19h] Y. Geng, S. W. Culligan, A. Trajkovska, J. U. Wallace, S. H. Chen, Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 542;
44. [19i] S. W. Culligan, Y. Geng, S. H. Chen, K. Klubek, K. M. Vaeth, C. W. Tang, Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1176;
45. [19j] A. C. A. Chen, S. W. Culligan, Y. Geng, S. H. Chen, K. P. Klubek, K. M. Vaeth, C. W. Tang, Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 783.
46. J. Jo, C. Chi, S. Höger, G. Wegner, D. Y. Yoon, Chem. Eur. J. 2004, 10, 2681.
47. P. Papadopoulos, G. Floudas, C. Chi, G. Wegner, J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 120, 2368.
48. M. Grell, W. Knoll, D. Lupo, A. Meisel, T. Miteva, D. Neher, H.-G. Nothofer, U. Scherf, A. Yasuda, Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 671.
49. [23a] W. Wang, G. Lieser, G. Wegner, Liq. Crystals 1993, 15, 1;
50. [23b] W. Wang, G. Lieser, G. Wegner, Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1027;
51. [23c] W. Wang, T. Hashimoto, G. Lieser, G. Wegner, J. Polym. Phys. Ed. 1994, 32, 2171.
52. D. Demus, L. Richter, "Textures of Liquid Crystals" Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, New York 1978, P.32-28 and P.63-70; see also numerous micrographs associated with this text, e. g. Plates 69-72 for textures observed in smectic B phase.
53. w = 0.0536;
54. [25b] The structure of DBBF was solved by direct methods (Shelxs). In this structure all four side groups are disordered. Of 8793 unique reflections only 1934 were observed (I >2.5 σ(I)). Owing to this small number of reflections it was decided not to attempt a detailed refinement. Coordinates of the atoms in the backbone were obtained by cycles of isotropic refinement. The errors of the interplanar angles given are approximately 1 degree.
55. [26a] P. Dyreklev, M. Berggren, O. Inganäs, M. R. Andersson, O. Wennerström, T. Hjertberg, Adv. Mater. 1995, 7, 43;
56. [26b] U. Lemmer, D. Vacar, D. Moses, A. J. Heeger, T. Ohnishi, T. Noguchi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 68, 21.
57. M. Hamaguchi, K. Yoshino, Appl. Phys. Lett. 1995, 67, 23.
58. V. Cimrova, M. Remmers, D. Neher, G. Wegner, Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 146.
59. [29a] G. Lüssem, R. Festag, A. Greiner, C. Schmidt, C. Unterlechner, W. Heitz, J. H. Wendorff, M. Hopmeier, J. Feldmann, Adv. Mater. 1995, 7, 923;
60. [29b] G. Lüssem, F. Geffarth, A. Greiner, W. Heitz, M. Hopmeier, M. Oberski, C. Unterlechner, J. H. Wendorff, Liq. Cryst. 1996, 21, 903.
61. C. E. Stroog, J. Polym. Sci. 1976, 11, 161.
62. B. Wunderlich, "Macromolecular Physics", Academic Press, New York, S. Francisco, London 1976, Vol. 2, p. 362.