Drosophila melanogaster Rac2 is necessary for a proper cellular immune response

Genes to Cells

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 813-823

  Williams, Michael J ^a   Ando, Istvan ^b   Hultmark, Dan ^a  

^a UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE   (Hungary)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RAC PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD CELL; CELL ADHESION; CELL FUNCTION; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CHORION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LARVAL STAGE; LEPTOPILINA BOULARDI; NONHUMAN; PARASITE; PLASMA CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION;

ANIMALS; CELL COMMUNICATION; CELL COUNT; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE; HEMOCYTES; LARVA; MUTATION; PHYLOGENY; RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; WASPS;

DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; LEPTOPILINA BOULARDI;

EID: 23844435317     PISSN: 13569597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2005.00883.x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Bellen, H.J., Lu, Y., Beckstead, R. & Bhat, M.A. (1998) Neurexin IV, caspr and paranodin - novel members of the neurexin family: encounters of axons and glia. Trends Neurosci. 21, 444-449.
2. Bershadsky, A.D., Balaban, N.Q. & Geiger, B. (2003) Adhesion-dependent cell mechanosensitivity. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 19, 677-695.
3. Boutros, M., Agaisse, H. & Perrimon, N. (2002) Sequential activation of signaling pathways during innate immune responses in Drosophila. Dev. Cell 3, 711-722.
4. Braga, V.M.M. (2002) Cell-cell adhesion and signalling. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14, 546-556.
5. Brunton, V.G., MacPherson, I.R.J. & Frame, M.C. (2004) Cell adhesion receptors, tyrosine kinases and actin modulators: a complex three-way circuitry. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1692, 121-144.
6. Burridge, K. & Wennerberg, K. (2004) Rho and rac take center stage. Cell 116, 167-179.
7. Carton, Y. & Nappi, A.J. (1997) Drosophila cellular immunity against parasitoids. Parasitol. Today 13, 218-227.
8. Duvic, B., Hoffmann, J.A., Meister, M. &, Royet, J. (2002) Notch signaling controls lineage specification during Drosophila larval hematopoiesis. Curr. Biol. 12, 1923-1927.
9. Fehon, R., Dawson, I. & Artavanis-Tsakonas, S. (1994) A Drosophila homologue of membrane-skeleton protein 4.1 is associated with septate junctions and is encoded by the coracle gene. Development 120, 545-557.
10. Goto, A., Kadowaki, T. & Kitagawa, Y. (2003) Drosophila hemolectin gene is expressed in embryonic and larval hemocytes and its knock down causes bleeding defects. Dev. Biol. 264, 582-591.
11. Gu, Y., Filippi, M.D., Cancelas, J.A., et al. (2003) Hematopoietic cell regulation by Rac1 and Rac2 guanosine triphosphatases. Science 302, 445-449.
12. Hakeda-Suzuki, S., Ng, J., Tzu, J., et al. (2002) Rac function and regulation during Drosophila development. Nature 416, 438-442.
13. Irving, P., Ubeda, J.-M., Doucet, D., et al. (2005) New insights into Drosophila larval haemocyte functions through genome-wide analysis. Cell Microbiol. 7, 335-350.
14. Ko, K.S. & McCulloch, C.A.G. (2001) Intercellular mechanotransduction: cellular circuits that coordinate tissue responses to mechanical loading. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 285, 1077-1083.
15. Kunda, P., Craig, G., Dominguez, V. & Baum, B. (2003) Abi, Sra1, and Kette control the stability and localization of SCAR/WAVE to regulate the formation of actin-based protrusions. Curr. Biol. 13, 1867-1875.
16. Kurucz, E., Zettervall, C.-J., Sinka, R., et al. (2003) Hemese, a hemocyte-specific transmembrane protein, affects the cellular immune response in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 2622-2627.
17. Lambert, M., Choquet, D. & Mege, R.-M. (2002) Dynamics of ligand-induced, Rac1-dependent anchoring of cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton. J. Cell Biol. 157, 469-479.
18. Lanot, R., Zachary, D., Holder, F. & Meister, M. (2001) Postembryonic hematopoiesis in Drosophila. Dev. Biol. 230, 243-257.
19. Li, S., Yamauch, A., Marchal, C.C., Molitoris, J.K., Quilliam, L.A. & Dinauer, M.C. (2002) Chemoattractant-stimulated Rac activation in wild-type and Rac2-deficient murine neutrophils. preferential activation of Rac2 and Rac2 gene dosage effect on neutrophil functions. J. Immunol. 169, 5043-5051.
20. Meister, M. (2004) Blood cells of Drosophila: cell lineages and role in host defence. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 16, 10-15.
21. Meister, M. & Lagueux, M. (2003) Drosophila blood cells. Cell Microbiol. 5, 573-580.
22. Miki, H., Sasaki, T., Takai, Y. & Takenawa, T. (1998) Induction of filopodium formation by a WASP-related actin-depolymerizing protein N-WASP. Nature 391, 93-96.
23. Nappi, A.J., Vass, E., Frey, F. & Carton, Y. (1995) Superoxide anion generation in Drosophila during melanotic encapsulation of parasites. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 68, 450-456.
24. Nappi, A.J., Vass, E., Frey, F. & Carton, Y. (2000) Nitric oxide involvement in Drosophila immunity. Nitric Oxide 4, 423-430.
25. Ng, J., Nardine, T., Harms, M., et al. (2002) Rac GTPases control axon growth, guidance and branching. Nature 416, 442-447.
26. Paladi, M. & Tepass, U. (2004) Function of Rho GTPases in embryonic blood cell migration in Drosophila. J. Cell Sci. 117, 6313-6326.
27. Pellegrin, S. & Mellor, H. (2005) The Rho family GTPase Rif induces filopodia through mDia2. Curr. Biol. 15, 129-133.
28. Pena-Rangel, M.T., Rodriguez, I. & Riesgo-Escovar, J.R. (2002) A misexpression study examining dorsal thorax formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 160, 1035-1050.
29. Raftopoulou, M. & Hall, A. (2004) Cell migration: Rho GTPases lead the way. Dev. Biol. 265, 23-32.
30. Riveline, D., Zamir, E., Balaban, N.Q., et al. (2001) Focal contacts as mechanosensors: externally applied local mechanical force induces growth of focal contacts by an mDia1-dependent and ROCK-independent mechanism. J. Cell Biol. 153, 1175-1186.
31. Rizki, T.M. & Rizki, R.M. (1980) Properties of the larval hemocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. Experientia 36, 1223-1226.
32. Roberts, A.W., Kim, C., Zhen, L., et al. (1999) Deficiency of the hematopoietic cell-specific Rho family GTPase Rac2 is characterized by abnormalities in neutrophil function and host defense. Immunity 10, 183-196.
33. Rogers, S.L., Wiedemann, U., Stuurman, N. & Vale, R.D. (2003) Molecular requirements for actin-based lamella formation in Drosophila S2 cells. J. Cell Biol. 162, 1079-1088.
34. Russo, J., Dupas, S., Frey, F., Carton, Y. & Brehelin, M. (1996) Insect immunity: early events in the encapsulation process of parasitoid (Leptopilina boulardi) eggs in resistant and susceptible strains of Drosophila. Parasitology 112, 135-142.
35. Sander, E.E., ten Klooster, J.P., van Delft, S., et al. (1999) Rac downregulates Rho activity: reciprocal balance between both GTPases determines cellular morphology and migratory behavior. J. Cell Biol. 147, 1009-1021.
36. Sasamura, T., Kobayashi, T., Kojima, S., et al. (1997) Molecular cloning and characterization of Drosophila genes encoding small GTPases of the rab and rho families. Mol. Gen. Genet. 254, 486-494.
37. Settleman, J. (2001) Rac 'n Rho: the music that shapes a developing embryo. Dev. Cell 1, 321-331.
38. Sorrentino, R.P., Carton, Y. & Govind, S. (2002) Cellular immune response to parasite infection in the Drosophila lymph gland is developmentally regulated. Dev. Biol. 243, 65-80.
39. Suter, D.M. & Forscher, P. (2001) Transmission of growth cone traction force through apCAM-cytoskeletal linkages is regulated by Src family tyrosine kinase activity. J. Cell Biol. 155, 427-438.
40. Swofford, D.L. (1991) PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (Illinois National History Survey, Champaign, IL, USA).
41. Symons, M. & Rusk, N. (2003) Control of vesicular trafficking by Rho GTPases. Curr. Biol. 13, R409-R418.
42. Takaishi, K., Sasaki, T., Kotani, H., Nishioka, H. & Takai, Y. (1997) Regulation of cell-cell adhesion by Rac and Rho small G proteins in MDCK cells. J. Cell Biol. 139, 1047-1059.
43. Tseng, A.-S.K. & Hariharan, I.K. (2002) An overexpression screen in Drosophila for genes that restrict growth or cell-cycle progression in the developing eye. Genetics 162, 229-243.
44. Zettervall, C.-J., Anderl, I., Williams, M.J., et al. (2004) A directed screen for genes involved in Drosophila blood cell activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 14192-14197.