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Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 507-518

C-reactive protein, cardiovascular disease and stroke: New roles for an old biomarker

Author keywords

Aspirin; C reactive protein; Cardiovascular disease; Elderly; hsCRP; Inflammation; Mortality; Risk factor; Statin; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN; ALTEPLASE; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; CLOPIDOGREL; D DIMER; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; FIBRINOGEN; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; HOMOCYSTEINE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; THROMBIN ANTITHROMBIN COMPLEX; THROMBOPLASTIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 2342604932     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14737175.4.3.507     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (12)

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    • High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: Potential adjunct for global risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
    • Ridker PM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: potential adjunct for global risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 103, 1813-1818 (2001).
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    • Ridker, P.M.1
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    • Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention
    • Ridker PM. Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation 107, 363-369 (2003).
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 363-369
    • Ridker, P.M.1
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    • C-reactive protein: A simple test to help predict risk of heart attack and stroke
    • Ridker PM. C-reactive protein: a simple test to help predict risk of heart attack and stroke. Circulation 108, E81-E85 (2003). Concise and readable summary of the case for CRP screening in CVD.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108
    • Ridker, P.M.1
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    • Proposed cardiovascular risk assessment algorithm using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipid screening
    • Rifai N, Ridker PM. Proposed cardiovascular risk assessment algorithm using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipid screening. Clin. Chem. 47, 28-30 (2001).
    • (2001) Clin. Chem. , vol.47 , pp. 28-30
    • Rifai, N.1    Ridker, P.M.2
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    • Acute-phase proteins and other systematic responses to inflammation
    • Gabay C, Kushner I. Acute-phase proteins and other systematic responses to inflammation. N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 448-454 (1999).
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    • Gabay, C.1    Kushner, I.2
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    • Function of C-reactive protein
    • Du Clos TW. Function of C-reactive protein. Ann. Med. 32, 274-278 (2000).
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    • Du Clos, T.W.1
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    • C-reactive protein and myocardial infarction
    • Sakkinen P, Abbott RD, Curb JD et al. C-reactive protein and myocardial infarction. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 55, 445-451 (2002). The first and one of the few papers on CRP and myocardial infarction (MI) in a minority population (Asian-Americans). Demonstrates roughly equivalent risk of high CRP for MI compared with Caucasians.
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    • Sakkinen, P.1    Abbott, R.D.2    Curb, J.D.3
  • 63
    • 0030956673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation, aspirin and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men
    • Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ et al. Inflammation, aspirin and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 973-979 (1997). Classic early paper on CRP and CVD. Also shows CRP is lower in regular users of aspirin.
    • (1997) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.336 , pp. 973-979
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Cushman, M.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 64
    • 0032501991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of developing peripheral vascular disease
    • Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ et al. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of developing peripheral vascular disease. Circulation 97, 425-428 (1998).
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 425-428
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Cushman, M.2    Stampfer, M.J.3
  • 65
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    • Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study
    • Kuller LH, Tracy RP, Shaten J et al. Relation of C-reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case-control study. Am J. Epidemiol. 144, 537-547 (1996).
    • (1996) Am J. Epidemiol. , vol.144 , pp. 537-547
    • Kuller, L.H.1    Tracy, R.P.2    Shaten, J.3
  • 66
    • 0034704893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women
    • Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE et al. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 836-843 (2000). High impact paper showing that CRP was more predictive than cholesterol screening for CVD in women.
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.342 , pp. 836-843
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Hennekens, C.H.2    Buring, J.E.3
  • 67
    • 0030979827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of C-reactive protein to the risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly
    • Tracy RP, Lemaitre RN, Psaty BM et al. Relationship of C-reactive protein to the risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17, 1121-1127 (1997). One of the few studies of CRP and CVD in the elderly.
    • (1997) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 1121-1127
    • Tracy, R.P.1    Lemaitre, R.N.2    Psaty, B.M.3
  • 68
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    • Inflammatory markers and onset of cardiovascular events: Results from the Health ABC study
    • Cesari M, Penninx BW, Newman AB et al. Inflammatory markers and onset of cardiovascular events: results from the Health ABC study. Circulation 108, 2317-2322 (2003). One of the few studies of CRP and CVD in the elderly. Suggests that interleukin-6 may be a better marker than CRP for stroke risk in the elderly.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 2317-2322
    • Cesari, M.1    Penninx, B.W.2    Newman, A.B.3
  • 69
    • 0035955760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel clinical nmrkers of vascular wall inflammation
    • Blake GJ, Ridker PM. Novel clinical nmrkers of vascular wall inflammation. Circ. Res. 89, 763-771 (2001).
    • (2001) Circ. Res. , vol.89 , pp. 763-771
    • Blake, G.J.1    Ridker, P.M.2
  • 70
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    • Novel risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis: A comparison of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a) and standard cholesterol screening as predictors of peripheral arterial disease
    • Ridker PM, Stampfer MJ, Rifai N. Novel risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis: a comparison of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, lipoprotein (a) and standard cholesterol screening as predictors of peripheral arterial disease. JAMA 285, 2481-2485 (2001). Excellent comparison of the relative predictive abilities of different novel risk factors for atherosclerosis suggesting that CRP is more predictive than other novel risk factors and a better screening tool.
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2481-2485
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Stampfer, M.J.2    Rifai, N.3
  • 71
    • 0032568486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein adds to the predictive value of total and HDL cholesterol in determining risk of first myocardial infarction
    • Ridker PM, Glynn RJ, Hennekens CH. C-reactive protein adds to the predictive value of total and HDL cholesterol in determining risk of first myocardial infarction. Circulation 97, 2007-2011 (1998).
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 2007-2011
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Glynn, R.J.2    Hennekens, C.H.3
  • 72
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    • Clinical use of C-reactive protein for prognostic stratification in ischemic stroke: Has the time come for including it in the patient risk profile?
    • Di Napoli M, Papa E Clinical use of C-reactive protein for prognostic stratification in ischemic stroke: has the time come for including it in the patient risk profile? Stroke 34, 375 (2003).
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 375
    • Di Napoli, M.1    Papa, E.2
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    • Weight loss reduced C-reactive protein levels in obese postmenopausal women
    • Tchernof A, Noran A, Sites CK et al. Weight loss reduced C-reactive protein levels in obese postmenopausal women. Circulation 105, 564-569 (2002).
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 564-569
    • Tchernof, A.1    Noran, A.2    Sites, C.K.3
  • 74
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    • Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: Application to clinical and public health practice: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association
    • Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW et al. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation 107, 499-511 (2003). Comprehensive evidence-based summary statement and guidelines for health professionals regarding CRP testing.
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 499-511
    • Pearson, T.A.1    Mensah, G.A.2    Alexander, R.W.3
  • 75
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    • Prospective study of C-reactive protein and the risk of future cardiovascular events among apparently healthy women
    • Ridker PM, Buring JE, Shih J et al. Prospective study of C-reactive protein and the risk of future cardiovascular events among apparently healthy women. Circulation 98, 731-733 (1998).
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 731-733
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Buring, J.E.2    Shih, J.3
  • 76
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    • Should statin therapy be considered for patients with elevated C-reactive protein? The need for a definitive clinical trial
    • Ridker PM. Should statin therapy be considered for patients with elevated C-reactive protein? The need for a definitive clinical trial. Eur. Heart J. 22, 2135-2137 (2001).
    • (2001) Eur. Heart J. , vol.22 , pp. 2135-2137
    • Ridker, P.M.1
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    • Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein
    • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer M et al. Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. Circulation 100, 230-235 (1999). Good paper showing statins can be effective in lowering CRP and thus may play a role in reducing inflammation.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 230-235
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Rifai, N.2    Pfeffer, M.3
  • 78
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    • Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin before percutaneous coronary intervention on the risk associated with C-reactive protein
    • Chew D, Bhatt DL, Robbins MA et al. Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin before percutaneous coronary intervention on the risk associated with C-reactive protein. Am. J. Cardiol. 88, 672-674 (2001).
    • (2001) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.88 , pp. 672-674
    • Chew, D.1    Bhatt, D.L.2    Robbins, M.A.3
  • 79
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    • Abciximab suppresses the rise in levels of circulating inflammatory markers after percutaneous coronary revascularization
    • Lincoff AM, Kereiakes DJ, Mascelli MA et al. Abciximab suppresses the rise in levels of circulating inflammatory markers after percutaneous coronary revascularization. Circulation 104, 163-167 (2001).
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 163-167
    • Lincoff, A.M.1    Kereiakes, D.J.2    Mascelli, M.A.3
  • 80
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    • Effect of rosiglitazone treatment on nontraditional markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Haffner SM, Greenberg AS, Weston WM et al. Effect of rosiglitazone treatment on nontraditional markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 106, 679-684 (2002). Interesting paper showing that the glitazones may also play a role in reducing inflammation and that CRP may be linked to glycemic control.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 679-684
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Greenberg, A.S.2    Weston, W.M.3
  • 81
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    • Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, Ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients
    • The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, Ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 145-153 (2000).
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  • 82
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    • Clinical efficacy of an automated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay
    • Rifai N, Tracy RP, Ridker PM. Clinical efficacy of an automated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay. Clin. Chem. 45, 2136-2141 (1999).
    • (1999) Clin. Chem. , vol.45 , pp. 2136-2141
    • Rifai, N.1    Tracy, R.P.2    Ridker, P.M.3
  • 83
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    • Evaluation of four automated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein methods: Implications for clinical and epidemiological applications
    • Roberts WL, Sedrick R, Moulton L et al. Evaluation of four automated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein methods: implications for clinical and epidemiological applications. Clin. Chem. 46 461-468 (2000).
    • (2000) Clin. Chem. , vol.46 , pp. 461-468
    • Roberts, W.L.1    Sedrick, R.2    Moulton, L.3
  • 84
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    • Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events
    • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L et al. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 1557-1565 (2002). Good paper making the case that CRP may be more predictive than cholesterol for CVD.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , pp. 1557-1565
    • Ridker, P.M.1    Rifai, N.2    Rose, L.3
  • 85
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    • Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels: The Pravastatin Inflammation CRP Evaluation (PRINCE)
    • Albert MA, Danielson E, Rifai N et al. Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels: the Pravastatin Inflammation CRP Evaluation (PRINCE). JAMA 286, 64-70 (2001).
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 64-70
    • Albert, M.A.1    Danielson, E.2    Rifai, N.3
  • 86
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    • Simvastatin lowers C-reactive protein within 14 days: An effect independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction
    • Plenge JK, Hernandez TL, Weil KM et al. Simvastatin lowers C-reactive protein within 14 days: an effect independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction. Circulation 106, 1447-1452 (2002).
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 1447-1452
    • Plenge, J.K.1    Hernandez, T.L.2    Weil, K.M.3
  • 87
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    • Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods vs. lovastatin on serum lipids and C-reactive protein
    • Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Marchie A et al. Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods vs. lovastatin on serum lipids and C-reactive protein. JAMA 290, 502-510 (2003). Excellent paper showing the powerful effects of specific dietary compounds in lowering lipids and CRP equivalent in efficacy to first generation statins.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 502-510
    • Jenkins, D.J.1    Kendall, C.W.2    Marchie, A.3
  • 88
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    • Strikingly low circulating CRP concentrations in ultramarathon runners independent of markers of adiposity: How low can you go?
    • Tomaszewski M, Charchar FJ, Przybycin M et al. Strikingly low circulating CRP concentrations in ultramarathon runners independent of markers of adiposity: how low can you go? Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23, 1640-1644 (2003). Provocative paper showing that exercise may lower CRP levels independent of body fat loss.
    • (2003) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 1640-1644
    • Tomaszewski, M.1    Charchar, F.J.2    Przybycin, M.3
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    • Stroke genetics update
    • Alberts MJ. Stroke genetics update. Stroke 34, 342-344 (2003). Good current and concise review of this topic.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , pp. 342-344
    • Alberts, M.J.1
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    • New players in the genetics of stroke
    • Tournier-Lasserve E. New players in the genetics of stroke. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 1711-1712 (2002).
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , pp. 1711-1712
    • Tournier-Lasserve, E.1
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    • Human CRP gene polymorphism influences CRP levels: Implications for the prediction and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease
    • Brull DJ, Serrano N, Zito F et al. Human CRP gene polymorphism influences CRP levels: implications for the prediction and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 11, 2063-2069 (2003). Important new information on how subtle variations in human genes might affect CVD risk through variation in CRP levels.
    • (2003) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 2063-2069
    • Brull, D.J.1    Serrano, N.2    Zito, F.3
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    • Gene therapy for cerebral vascular disease: Update 2003
    • Toyoda K, Chu Y, Heistad DD. Gene therapy for cerebral vascular disease: update 2003. Br. J. Pharmacol. 139, 1-9 (2003).
    • (2003) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.139 , pp. 1-9
    • Toyoda, K.1    Chu, Y.2    Heistad, D.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.