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Volumn 23, Issue 8, 2004, Pages 1845-1850

Hydroamination of Alkynes Catalyzed by Imido Complexes of Titanium and Vanadium

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINES; CATALYSTS; COMPLEXATION; DIMERS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; ISOMERS; OLIGOMERS; POLYMERIZATION; SUBSTRATES; VANADIUM; X RAYS;

EID: 2342430645     PISSN: 02767333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/om0342762     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (115)

References (81)
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    • For recent reviews on alkyne hydroamination, see ref 1 and: (a) Pohlki, F.; Doye, S. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2003, 32, 104. (b) Bytschkov, I.; Doye, S. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 935.
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    • For mechanistic considerations on group 4 metal-catalyzed alkyne hydroamination, see: (a) Lee, S. Y.; Bergman, R. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 51, 4255. (b) Johnson, J. S.; Bergman, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2923. (c) Straub, B. F.; Bergman, R. G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4632. (d) Pohlki, F.; Doye, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2305.
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    • For mechanistic considerations on group 4 metal-catalyzed alkyne hydroamination, see: (a) Lee, S. Y.; Bergman, R. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 51, 4255. (b) Johnson, J. S.; Bergman, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2923. (c) Straub, B. F.; Bergman, R. G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4632. (d) Pohlki, F.; Doye, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2305.
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    • For mechanistic considerations on group 4 metal-catalyzed alkyne hydroamination, see: (a) Lee, S. Y.; Bergman, R. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 51, 4255. (b) Johnson, J. S.; Bergman, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2923. (c) Straub, B. F.; Bergman, R. G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4632. (d) Pohlki, F.; Doye, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2305.
    • (2001) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. , vol.40 , pp. 4632
    • Straub, B.F.1    Bergman, R.G.2
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    • For mechanistic considerations on group 4 metal-catalyzed alkyne hydroamination, see: (a) Lee, S. Y.; Bergman, R. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 51, 4255. (b) Johnson, J. S.; Bergman, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2923. (c) Straub, B. F.; Bergman, R. G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 4632. (d) Pohlki, F.; Doye, S. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 2305.
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    • note
    • 4). However, with our vanadium catalysts, the effect of a larger excess of aniline is less important.
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    • note
    • If we assume that an imido functionality is the key intermediate for vanadium-catalyzed alkyne hydroamination (as demonstrated with titanium catalysts), we believe that some of these vanadium complexes are inactive probably because the imido function is not generated insitu in the presence of aniline.
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    • See for example: (a) Susuki, D.; Urabe, H.; Sato, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7925. (b) Hill, J. E.; Balaich, G.; Fanwick, P. E.; Rothwell, I. P. Organometallics 1993, 12, 2911. (c) Takahashi, T.; Xi, Z.; Yamazaki, A.; Liu, Y.; Nakajima, K.; Kotora, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 1672. (d) Ozerov, O. V.; Patrick, B. O.; Ladipo, F. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6423. (e) van der Linden, A.; Schaverien, C. J.; Meijboom, N.; Ganter, C.; Orpen, A. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3008.
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    • See for example: (a) Susuki, D.; Urabe, H.; Sato, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7925. (b) Hill, J. E.; Balaich, G.; Fanwick, P. E.; Rothwell, I. P. Organometallics 1993, 12, 2911. (c) Takahashi, T.; Xi, Z.; Yamazaki, A.; Liu, Y.; Nakajima, K.; Kotora, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 1672. (d) Ozerov, O. V.; Patrick, B. O.; Ladipo, F. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6423. (e) van der Linden, A.; Schaverien, C. J.; Meijboom, N.; Ganter, C.; Orpen, A. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3008.
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    • See for example: (a) Susuki, D.; Urabe, H.; Sato, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7925. (b) Hill, J. E.; Balaich, G.; Fanwick, P. E.; Rothwell, I. P. Organometallics 1993, 12, 2911. (c) Takahashi, T.; Xi, Z.; Yamazaki, A.; Liu, Y.; Nakajima, K.; Kotora, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 1672. (d) Ozerov, O. V.; Patrick, B. O.; Ladipo, F. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6423. (e) van der Linden, A.; Schaverien, C. J.; Meijboom, N.; Ganter, C.; Orpen, A. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3008.
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    • See for example: (a) Susuki, D.; Urabe, H.; Sato, F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7925. (b) Hill, J. E.; Balaich, G.; Fanwick, P. E.; Rothwell, I. P. Organometallics 1993, 12, 2911. (c) Takahashi, T.; Xi, Z.; Yamazaki, A.; Liu, Y.; Nakajima, K.; Kotora, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 1672. (d) Ozerov, O. V.; Patrick, B. O.; Ladipo, F. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6423. (e) van der Linden, A.; Schaverien, C. J.; Meijboom, N.; Ganter, C.; Orpen, A. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3008.
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    • 2342433758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Furthermore, a comparison of the reaction progress (monitored by GC) has also shown complex 2 to be a slightly faster precatalyst than 1.
  • 65
    • 2342425513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • z] produced 85% of imine (M:AM 99:1) in 20 h.
  • 67
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    • note
    • 6 and benzophenone), via metathesis, which provides the corresponding imines and titanium oxides.
  • 68
    • 2342431641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2/catalyst of 15, and Odom used a ratio of 30 (see also refs 16a and 20).
  • 69
    • 2342440803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C. Lorber, unpublished results
    • 2: Adams, N.; Cowley, A. R.; Dubberley, S. R.; Sealey, A. J.; Skinner, M. E. G.; Mountford, P. Chem. Commun. 2001, 2738.
  • 72
    • 2342420742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • In particular, the following organic compounds were identified by GC and GC-MS analyses: formation of the trimers A and B (when using catalyst 3) and an unknown compound C (when using catalyst 5) that was only identified by its molecular mass of 271, corresponding to two hexyne and one benzylamine fragment (this compound may result from a tandem reaction: dimerization of 1-hexyne leading to an enyne followed by its hydroamination).
  • 73
    • 2342437416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • With 3, two isomers of the imine are formed (ratio 3:7). We have not tried to fully identified the isomers and were unable to distinguish which isomer was the major one. We also noticed the formation of the trimers A and B among other side products.
  • 74
    • 2342420458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Three isomers are formed when using 5 (ratio 2:5:1, mass 203). Although we have not yet tried to fully characterized them, it is conceivable that these three isomers are the Markovnikov imine, the anti-Markovnikov imine, and an enamine product. Compounds A, B, and a compound C′ resulting from the condensation of two hexyne and one α-methylbenzylamine were also formed as side products (mass = 285).


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