Palmitate activates the NF-κB transcription factor and induces IL-6 and TNFα expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 135, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 1841-1846

  Ajuwon, Kolapo M ^a   Spurlock, Michel E ^a  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adipocyte; Cytokines; Fatty acids; Inflammation; NF B

Indexed keywords

1,4 DIAMINO 1,4 BIS(2 AMINOPHENYLTHIO) 2,3 DICYANOBUTADIENE; BISINDOLYLMALEIMIDE; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; FATTY ACID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; LAURIC ACID; LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID COENZYME A LIGASE; LUCIFERASE; MESSENGER RNA; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; PALMITIC ACID; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; PROTEIN KINASE C; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; WORTMANNIN;

ADIPOCYTE; ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL STRAIN 3T3; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME INHIBITION; GENE ACTIVITY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; IMMUNOREGULATION; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MOUSE; MYOTUBE; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION;

EID: 23244450956     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.8.1841     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Randle, P. J., Priestman, D. A., Mistry, S. C. & Halsall, A. (1994) Glucose fatty acid interactions and the regulation of glucose disposal. J. Cell. Biochem. 55 (suppl.): 1-11.
2. Arner, P. (2002) Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: role of fatty acids. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2 (suppl.): S5-S9.
3. Mook, S., Halkes, C.J.C., Bilecen, S. & Cabezas, M. C. (2004) In vivo regulation of plasma free fatty acids in insulin resistance. Metabolism. 53: 1197-1201.
4. Ekin, S., Mert, N., Gunduz, H. & Meral, I. (2003) Serum sialic acid levels and selected mineral status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 94: 193-201.
5. Lo, H. C., Lin, S. C., Wang, Y. M., Lo, H. C., Lin, S. C. & Wang, Y. M. (2004) The relationship among serum cytokines, chemokine, nitric oxide, and leptin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin. Biochem. 37: 666-672.
6. Crook, M. (2004) Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a disease of the innate immune system? An update. Diabet. Med. 21: 203-207.
7. Chase, H. P., Cooper, S., Osberg, I., Stene, L. C., Barriga, K., Norris, J., Eisenbarth, G. S. & Rewers, M. (2004) Elevated C-reactive protein levels in the development of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 53: 2569-2573.
8. Maachi, M., Pieroni, L., Bruckert, E., Jardel, C., Fellahi, S., Hainque, B., Capeau, J. & Bastard, J. P. (2004) Systemic low-grade inflammation is related to circulating and adipose tissue TNFalpha, leptin and IL-6 levels in obese women. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 28: 993-997.
9. Chavez, J. A. & Summers, S. A. (2003) Characterizing the effects of saturated fatty acids on insulin signaling and ceramide and diacylglycerol accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 419: 101-109.
10. Sinha, S., Perdomo, G., Brown, N. F. & O'Doherty, R. M. (2004) Fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in L6 myotubes is prevented by inhibition of activation and nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa B. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 41294-41301.
11. Weigert, C., Brodbeck, K., Staiger, H., Kausch, C., Machicao, F., Haring, H. U. & Schleicher, E. D. (2004) Palmitate, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induces the expression of interleukin-6 in human myotubes through proteasome-dependent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 23942-23952.
12. Lee, J. Y., Sohn, K. H., Rhee, S.H. & Hwang, D. (2001) Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated through Toll-like receptor 4. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 16683-16689.
13. Van Epps-Fung, M., Williford, J., Wells, A. & Hardy, R. W. (1997) Fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes. Endocrinology 138: 4338-4345.
14. Gao, Z., Zhang, X., Zuberi, A., Hwang, D., Quon, M. J., Lefevre, M. & Ye, J. (2004) Inhibition of insulin sensitivity by free fatty acids requires activation of multiple serine kinases in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol. Endocrinol. 18: 2024-2034.
15. Ajuwon, K. M., Jacobi, S. K., Kuske, J. L. & Spurlock, M. E. (2004) Interteukin-6 and interleukin-15 are selectively regulated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma in primary pig adipocytes, Am. J. Physiol. 286: R547-R553.
16. Ajuwon, K. M. & Spurlock, M. E. (2005) Adiponectin inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB activation and IL-6 production, and increases PPARγ2 expression in adipocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 288: R1220-R1225.
17. Rakatzi, I., Mueller, H., Ritzeler, O., Tennagels, N. & Eckel, J. (2004) Adiponectin counteracts cytokine- and fatty acid-induced apoptosis in the pancreatic beta-cell line INS-1. Diabetologia 47: 249-258.
18. Gobert, A. P., Bambou, J. C., Werts, C., Balloy, V., Chignard, M., Moran, A. P. & Ferrera, R. L. (2004) Helicobacterpylori heat shock protein 60 mediates interleukin-6 production by macrophages via a toll-like receptor (TLR)-2-, TLR-4-, and myeloid differentiation factor 88-independent mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 245-250.
19. Jhun, B. S., Jin, Q., Oh, Y. T., Kim, S. S., Kong, Y., Cho, Y. H., Ha J., Baik, H. H. & Kang, I. (2004) 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside suppresses lipopolysaooharide-induoed TNF-alpha production through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 318: 372-380.
20. SAS Institute Inc. (1999) SAS User's Guide (version 8). SAS Institute, Gary, NC.
21. Lee, J. Y., Ye, J., Gao, Z., Youn, H. S., Lee, W. H., Zhao, L., Sizemore, N. & Hwang, D. H. (2003) Reciprocal modulation of Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathways involving MyD88 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 37041-37051.
22. Zhao, S., Yang, Y. N. & Song, J. G. (2004) Ceramide induces caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in A-431 cells. J. Cell Physiol. 199: 47-56.
23. Nalecz, K. A., Miecz, D., Berezowski, V. & Cecchelli, R. (2004) Carnitine: transport and physiological functions in the brain. Mol. Aspects Med. 25: 551-567.
24. Lee, J. Y., Zhao, L., Youn, H. S., Weatherill, A. R., Tapping, R., Feng, L., Lee, W. H., Fitzgerald, K. A. & Hwang, D. H. (2004) Saturated fatty acid activates but polyunsaturated fatty acid inhibits Toll-like receptor 2 dimerized with Toll-like receptor 6 or 1. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 16971-16979.
25. Rotter, V., Nagaev, I. & Smith, U. (2003) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is, like IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, overexpressed in human fat cells from insulin-resistant subjects. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 45777-45784.
26. Lin, Y., Lee, H., Berg, A. H., Lisanti, M. P., Shapiro, L. & Scherer, P. E. (2000) The lipopolysaccharide-activated toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 induces synthesis of the closely related receptor TLR-2 in adipocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 24255-24263.
27. Fasshauer, M., Klein, J., Lossner, U. & Paschke, R. (2003) Interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression is stimulated by insulin, isoproterenol, tumour necrosis factor alpha, growth hormone, and IL-6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Horm. Metab. Res. 35: 147-152.
28. Ducluzeau, P. H., Fletcher, L. M., Vidal, H., Laville, M. & Tavare, J. M. (2002) Molecular mechanisms of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. Diabetes Metab. 28: 85-92.
29. Eitel, K., Staiger, H., Rieger, J., Mischak, H., Brandhorst, H., Brendel, M. D., Bretzel, R. G., Haring, H. U. & Kellerer, M. (2003) Protein kinase C delta activation and translocation to the nucleus are required for fatty acid-induced apoptosis of insulin-secreting cells. Diabetes 52: 991-997.
30. Montell, E., Turini, M., Marotta, M., Roberts, M., Noe, V., Ciudad, C. J., Mace, K. & Gomez-Foix, A. M. (2001) DAG accumulation from saturated fatty acids desensitizes insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. 280: E229-E237.
31. Wu, D., Marko, M., Claycombe, K., Paulson, K. E. & Meydani, S. N. (2003) Ceramide-induced and age-associated increase in macrophage COX-2 expression is mediated through up-regulation of NF-kappa B activity. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 10983-10992.
32. Vanden Berghe, W., Vermeulen, L., De Wilde, G., De Bosscher, K., Boone, E. & Haegeman, G. (2000) Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor and gene regulation of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. Biochem. Pharmacol. 60: 1185-1195.
33. Guha, M. & Mackman, N. (2002) The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway limits lipopolysaccharide activation of signaling pathways and expression of inflammatory mediators in human monocytic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 32124-32132.
34. Xu, H., Uysal, K. T., Becherer, J. D., Arner, P. & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2002) Altered tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) processing in adipocytes and increased expression of transmembrane TNF-alpha in obesity. Diabetes 51: 1876-18783.
35. Pedersen, B. K., Steensberg, A., Keller, P., Keller, C., Fischer, C., Hiscock, N., van Hall, G., Plomgaard, P. & Febbraio, M. A. (2003) Muscle-derived interleukin-6: lipolytlc, anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. Pflugers Arch. 446: 9-16.