Investigating responders to lithium prophylaxis as a strategy for mapping susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

Volumn 29, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 1038-1045

  Alda, Martin ^a   Grof, Paul ^b   Rouleau, Guy A ^c   Turecki, Gustavo ^d   Young, L Trevor ^e  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^c MONTREAL GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^d MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Association; Bipolar disorder; Family study; Gene expression; Genetics; Heterogeneity; Linkage; Lithium; Treatment response

Indexed keywords

CARBAMAZEPINE; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM; MOOD STABILIZER; OLANZAPINE; VALPROIC ACID;

BIPOLAR DISORDER; DRUG RESPONSE; FAMILY HISTORY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE LOCUS; GENE MAPPING; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC DIFFERENCE; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; GENETIC LINKAGE; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NEUROBIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW;

ANTIMANIC AGENTS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GENETIC SCREENING; HUMANS; LITHIUM;

EID: 23144448348     PISSN: 02785846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.03.021     Document Type: Review

References (93)

1. M. Abou-Saleh, and A. Coppen Who responds to prophylactic lithium? J. Affect. Disord. 10 1986 115 125
2. V.M. Aita, J.J. Liu, J.A. Knowles, J.D. Terwilliger, R. Baltazar, A. Grunn, J.E. Loth, K. Kanyas, B. Lerer, J. Endicott, Z.Y. Wang, G. Penchaszadeh, T.C. Gilliam, and M. Baron A comprehensive linkage analysis of chromosome 21q22 supports prior evidence for a putative bipolar affective disorder locus Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64 1999 210 217
3. M. Alda Genetic factors and treatment of mood disorders Bipolar Disord. 3 2001 318 324
4. M. Alda, P. Grof, and P. Cameron Lithium as a tool in genetic research N.J. Birch Lithium in Medicine and Biology 1993 Marius Press
5. M. Alda, P. Grof, E. Grof, P. Zvolsky, and M. Walsh Mode of inheritance in families of patients with lithium-responsive affective disorders Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 90 1994 304 310
6. M. Alda, E. Grof, P. Cavazzoni, A. Duffy, R. Martin, L. Ravindran, and P. Grof Autosomal recessive inheritance of affective disorders in families of responders to lithium prophylaxis? J. Affect. Disord. 44 1997 153 157
7. M. Alda, P. Grof, and E. Grof MN blood groups and bipolar disorder: evidence of genotypic association and Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium Biol. Psychiatry 44 1998 361 363
8. M. Alda, P. Grof, L. Ravindran, P. Cavazzoni, A. Duffy, E. Grof, P. Zvolsky, and J. Wilson Anticipation in bipolar affective disorder: is age at onset a valid criterion? Am. J. Med. Genet. 96 2000 804 807
9. M. Alda, G. Turecki, P. Grof, P. Cavazzoni, A. Duffy, E. Grof, B. Ahrens, A. Berghofer, B. Muller-Oerlinghausen, M. Dvorakova, E. Libigerova, M. Vojtechovsky, P. Zvolsky, A. Nilsson, H. Prochazka, R.W. Licht, N.A. Rasmussen, M. Schou, P. Vestergaard, A. Holzinger, C. Schumann, K. Thau, and G.A. Rouleau Association and linkage analyses of CRH and PENK genes in bipolar disorder responsive to lithium: a collaborative IGSLi study Am. J. Med. Genet. 96 2000 178 181
10. J. Angst, and A. Marneros Bipolarity from ancient to modern times: conception, birth and rebirth J. Affect. Disord. 67 2001 3 19
11. R.F. Badenhop, M.J. Moses, A. Scimone, P.B. Mitchell, K.R. Ewen, A. Rosso, J.A. Donald, L.J. Adams, and P.R. Schofield A genome screen of a large bipolar affective disorder pedigree supports evidence for a susceptibility locus on chromosome 13q Mol. Psychiatry 6 2001 396 403
12. J.A. Badner, and E.S. Gershon Meta-analysis of whole-genome linkage scans of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia Mol. Psychiatry 7 2002 405 411
13. R.J. Baldessarini A plea for integrity of the bipolar disorder concept Bipolar Disord. 2 2000 3 7
14. W.H. Berrettini, T.N. Ferraro, L.R. Goldin, D.E. Weeks, S. Detera-Wadleigh, J.I.J. Nurnberger, and E.S. Gershon Chromosome 18 DNA markers and manic-depressive illness: evidence for a susceptibility gene Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91 1994 5918 5921
15. Y. Bezchlibnyk, and L.T. Young The neurobiology of bipolar disorder: focus on signal transduction pathways and the regulation of gene expression Can. J. Psychiatry 47 2002 135 148
16. D.H.R. Blackwood, L. He, S.W. Morris, A. McLean, C. Whitton, M. Thomson, M.T. Walker, K. Woodburn, C.M. Sharp, A.F. Wright, Y. Shibasaki, D.M. St.Clair, D.J. Porteous, and W.J. Muir A locus for bipolar affective disorder on chromosome 4p Nat. Genet. 12 1996 427 430
17. F. Bosetti, R. Seemann, J.M. Bell, R. Zahorchak, E. Friedman, S.I. Rapoport, and P. Manickam Analysis of gene expression with cDNA microarrays in rat brain after 7 and 42 days of oral lithium administration Brain Res. Bull. 57 2002 205 209
18. A.M. Bowcock Molecular cloning of BRCA1: a gene for early onset familial breast and ovarian cancer Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 28 1993 121 135
19. C.L. Bowden Clinical correlates of therapeutic response in bipolar disorder J. Affect. Disord. 67 2001 257 265
20. J.R. Calabrese, S.H. Fatemi, M. Kujawa, and M.J. Woyshville Predictors of response to mood stabilizers J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 16 1996 24S 31S
21. P. Cavazzoni, M. Alda, G. Turecki, G. Rouleau, E. Grof, R. Martin, A. Duffy, and P. Grof Lithium-responsive affective disorders: no association with the tyrosine hydroxylase gene Psychiatry Res. 64 1996 91 96
22. B. Degn, M.D. Lundorf, A. Wang, M. Vang, O. Mors, T.A. Kruse, and H. Ewald Further evidence for a bipolar risk gene on chromosome 12q24 suggested by investigation of haplotype sharing and allelic association in patients from the Faroe Islands Mol. Psychiatry 6 2001 450 455
23. S.D. Detera-Wadleigh Lithium-related genetics of bipolar disorder Ann. Med. 33 2001 272 285
24. S.D. Detera-Wadleigh, J.A. Badner, W.H. Berrettini, T. Yoshikawa, L.R. Goldin, G. Turner, D.Y. Rollins, T. Moses, A.R. Sanders, J.D. Karkera, L.E. Esterling, J. Zeng, T.N. Ferraro, J.J. Guroff, D. Kazuba, M.E. Maxwell, J.I. Nurnberger, and E.S. Gershon A high-density genome scan detects evidence for a bipolar-disorder susceptibility locus on 13q32 and other potential loci on 1q32 and 18p11.2 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96 1999 5604 5609
25. A. Duffy, M. Alda, S. Kutcher, C. Fusee, and P. Grof Psychiatric symptoms and syndromes among adolescent children of parents with lithium-responsive or lithium-nonresponsive bipolar disorder Am. J. Psychiatry 155 1998 431 433
26. A. Duffy, P. Grof, E. Grof, P. Zvolsky, and M. Alda Evidence supporting the independent inheritance of primary affective disorders and primary alcoholism in the families of bipolar patients J. Affect. Disord. 50 1998 91 96
27. A. Duffy, G. Turecki, P. Grof, P. Cavazzoni, E. Grof, R. Joober, B. Ahrens, A. Berghofer, B. Muller-Oerlinghausen, M. Dvorakova, E. Libigerova, M. Vojtechovsky, P. Zvolsky, A. Nilsson, R.W. Licht, N.A. Rasmussen, M. Schou, P. Vestergaard, A. Holzinger, C. Schumann, K. Thau, G.A. Rouleau, and M. Alda Association and linkage studies of candidate genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission in lithium responsive bipolar disorder J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 25 2000 353 358
28. A. Duffy, M. Alda, S. Kutcher, P. Cavazzoni, C. Robertson, E. Grof, and P. Grof A prospective study of the offspring of bipolar parents responsive and nonresponsive to lithium treatment J. Clin. Psychiatry 63 2002 1171 1178
29. J.M. Ekholm, T. Kieseppa, T. Hiekkalinna, T. Partonen, T. Paunio, M. Perola, J. Ekelund, J. Lonnqvist, P. Pekkarinen-Ijas, and L. Peltonen Evidence of susceptibility loci on 4q32 and 16p12 for bipolar disorder Hum. Mol. Genet. 12 2003 1907 1915
30. H. Ewald, A.G. Wang, M. Vang, O. Mors, M. Nyegaard, and T.A. Kruse A haplotype-based study of lithium responding patients with bipolar affective disorder on the Faroe Islands Psychiatr. Genet. 9 1999 23 34
31. H. Ewald, T. Flint, T.A. Kruse, and O. Mors A genome-wide scan shows significant linkage between bipolar disorder and chromosome 12q24.3 and suggestive linkage to chromosomes 1p22-21, 4p16, 6q14-22, 10q26 and 16p13.3 Mol. Psychiatry 7 2002 734 744
32. H. Ewald, T.J. Flint, T.H. Jorgensen, A.G. Wang, P. Jensen, M. Vang, O. Mors, and T.A. Kruse Search for a shared segment on chromosome 10q26 in patients with bipolar affective disorder or schizophrenia from the Faroe Islands Am. J. Med. Genet. 114 2002 196 204
33. L.L. Field Genetic linkage and association studies of Type I diabetes: challenges and rewards Diabetologia 45 2002 21 35
34. N.B. Freimer, V.I. Reus, M.A. Escamilla, L.A. McInnes, M. Spesny, P. Leon, S.K. Service, L.B. Smith, S. Silva, E. Rojas, A. Gallegos, L. Meza, E. Fournier, S. Baharloo, K. Blankenship, D.J. Tyler, S. Batki, S. Vinogradov, J. Weissenbach, S.H. Barondes, and L.A. Sandkuijl Genetic mapping using haplotype, association and linkage methods suggests a locus for severe bipolar disorder (BPI) at 18q22-q23 Nat. Genet. 12 1996 436 441
35. N. Ftouhi-Paquin, M. Alda, P. Grof, N. Chretien, G. Rouleau, and G. Turecki Identification of three polymorphisms in the translated region of PLC-1 and their investigation in lithium responsive bipolar disorder Am. J. Med. Genet. 105 2001 301 305
36. E.S. Gershon, M. Baron, and J.F. Leckman Genetic models of the transmission of affective disorders J. Psychiatr. Res. 12 1975 301 317
37. F.K. Goodwin, and S.N. Ghaemi Understanding manic-depressive illness Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 55 1998 23 25
38. W. Greil, W. Ludwig-Mayerhofer, N. Erazo, C. Schochlin, S. Schmidt, R.R. Engel, A. Czernik, H. Giedke, B. Muller-Oerlinghausen, M. Osterheider, G.A.E. Rudolf, H. Sauer, J. Tegeler, and T. Wetterling Lithium versus carbamazepine in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders-a randomised study J. Affect. Disord. 43 1997 151 161
39. P. Grof, M. Alda, E. Grof, D. Fox, and P. Cameron The challenge of predicting response to stabilising lithium treatment. The importance of patient selection Br. J. Psychiatry 163 Suppl. 21 1993 16 19
40. P. Grof, M. Alda, E. Grof, P. Zvolsky, and M. Walsh Lithium response and genetics of affective disorders J. Affect. Disord. 32 1994 85 95
41. P. Grof, A. Duffy, P. Cavazzoni, E. Grof, J. Garnham, M. MacDougall, C. O'Donovan, and M. Alda Is response to prophylactic lithium a familial trait? J. Clin. Psychiatry 63 2002 942 947
42. A. Heinzmann, and K.A. Deichmann Genes for atopy and asthma Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1 2001 387 392
43. R.S. Jope, and G.N. Bijur Mood stabilizers, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and cell survival Mol. Psychiatry 7 Suppl. 1 2002 35 45
44. T.H. Jorgensen, A.D. Borglum, O. Mors, A.G. Wang, M. Pinaud, T.J. Flint, H.A. Dahl, M. Vang, T.A. Kruse, and H. Ewald Search for common haplotypes on chromosome 22q in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder from the Faroe Islands Am. J. Med. Genet. 114 2002 245 252
45. J.R. Kelsoe, M.A. Spence, E. Loetscher, M. Foguet, A.D. Sadovnick, R.A. Remick, P. Flodman, J. Khristich, Z. Mroczkowski-Parker, J.L. Brown, D. Masser, S. Ungerleider, M.H. Rapaport, W.L. Wishart, and H. Luebbert A genome survey indicates a possible susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder on chromosome 22 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 2001 585 590
46. R.H. Lenox, T.D. Gould, and H.K. Manji Endophenotypes in bipolar disorder Am. J. Med. Genet. 114 2002 391 406
47. R. Lovlie, J.O. Berle, E. Stordal, and V.M. Steen The phospholipase C-g1 gene (PLCG1) and lithium-responsive bipolar disorder: re-examination of an intronic dinucleotide repeat polymorphism Psychiatr. Genet. 11 2001 41 44
48. F.C. Luft Hypertension as a complex genetic trait Semin. Nephrol. 22 2002 115 126
49. M. Maj, M. Del Vecchio, F. Starace, R. Pirozzi, and D. Kemali Prediction of affective psychoses response to lithium prophylaxis: the role of socio-demographic, clinical, psychological and biological variables Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 69 1984 37 44
50. H.K. Manji, and G. Chen PKC, MAP kinases and the bcl-2 family of proteins as long-term targets for mood stabilizers Mol. Psychiatry 7 Suppl. 1 2002 46 56
51. H.K. Manji, G.J. Moore, and G. Chen Bipolar disorder: leads from the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of mood stabilizers Br. J. Psychiatr., Suppl. 41 2001 s107 s119
52. A. Marneros Expanding the group of bipolar disorders J. Affect. Disord. 62 2001 39 44
53. M.I. McCarthy, and P. Froguel Genetic approaches to the molecular understanding of type 2 diabetes Am. J. Physiol.: Endocrinol. Metab. 283 2002 E217 E225
54. M.G. McInnis, T.H. Lan, V.L. Willour, F.J. McMahon, S.G. Simpson, A.M. Addington, D.F. MacKinnon, J.B. Potash, A.T. Mahoney, J. Chellis, Y. Huo, T. Swift-Scanlan, H. Chen, R. Koskela, O.C. Stine, K.R. Jamison, P. Holmans, S.E. Folstein, K. Ranade, C. Friddle, D. Botstein, T. Marr, T.H. Beaty, P. Zandi, and J.R. DePaulo Genome-wide scan of bipolar disorder in 65 pedigrees: supportive evidence for linkage at 8q24, 18q22, 4q32, 2p12, and 13q12 Mol. Psychiatry 8 2003 288 298
55. J. Mendlewicz Prediction of treatment outcome: family and twin studies in lithium prophylaxis and the question of lithium red blood cell/plasma ratios T.B. Cooper S. Gershon N.S. Kline M. Schou Lithium Controversies and Unresolved Issues 1979 Excerpta Medica Amsterdam
56. J. Mendlewicz, R.R. Fieve, and F. Stallone Relationship between the effectiveness of lithium therapy and family history Am. J. Psychiatry 130 1973 1011 1013
57. J. Morissette, A. Villeneuve, L. Bordeleau, D. Rochette, C. Laberge, B. Gagne, C. Laprise, G. Bouchard, M. Plante, L. Gobeil, E. Shink, J. Weissenbach, and N. Barden Genome-wide search for linkage of bipolar affective disorders in a very large pedigree derived from a homogeneous population in Quebec points to a locus of major effect on chromosome 12q23-q24 Am. J. Med. Genet. 88 1999 567 587
58. J.I.J. Nurnberger Implications of multifactorial inheritance for identification of genetic mechanisms in major psychiatric disorders Psychiatr. Genet. 12 2002 121 126
59. M. Passmore, J. Garnham, A. Duffy, M. MacDougall, A. Munro, C. Slaney, A. Teehan, and M. Alda Phenotypic spectra of bipolar disorder in responders to lithium versus lamotrigine Bipolar Disord. 5 2003 110 114
60. R.M. Post, T.W. Uhde, P.P. Roy-Byrne, and R.T. Joffe Correlates of antimanic response to carbamazepine Psychiatry Res. 21 1987 71 83
61. R.F. Prien, E.M. Caffey, and C.J. Klett Factors associated with treatment success in lithium carbonate prophylaxis: report of the Veterans Administration and National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study Group Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 31 1974 189 192
62. D.H. Robbins, and S.H. Itzkowitz The molecular and genetic basis of colon cancer Med. Clin. North Am. 86 2002 1467 1495
63. M. Schou Perspectives on lithium treatment: action, efficacy, effect on suicidal behavior J. Bipolar Disord. 1 1999 5 10
64. R. Segurado, S.D. Detera-Wadleigh, D.F. Levinson, C.M. Lewis, M. Gill, J.I. Nurnberger, N. Craddock, J.R. DePaulo, M. Baron, E.S. Gershon, J.M. Ekholm, S. Cichon, G. Turecki, S. Claes, J.R. Kelsoe, P.R. Schofield, R.F. Badenhop, J. Morissette, H. Coon, D. Blackwood, D. Curtis, L.A. McInnes, T. Foroud, H. Edenberg, T. Reich, J. Rice, A. Goate, M.G. McInnis, F. McMahon, J.A. Badner, L.R. Goldin, P.J. Bennett, V. Willour, P. Zandi, J. Liu, T.C. Gilliam, S.H. Juo, W.H. Berrettini, T. Yoshikawa, L. Peltonen, J. Lonnqvist, M. Nothen, J. Schumacher, A. Windemuth, M. Rietschel, P. Propping, M. Alda, P. Grof, G.A. Rouleau, J. DelFavero, C. Vanbroeckhoven, J. Mendlewicz, R. Adolfsson, M.A. Spence, H. Luebbert, L.J. Adams, J.A. Donald, P.B. Mitchell, N. Barden, E. Shink, W. Byerley, W. Muir, P.M. Visscher, S. MacGregor, H. Gurling, G. Kalsi, A. McQuillin, M.A. Escamilla, V.I. Reus, A. Leon, N.B. Freimer, H. Ewald, T.A. Kruse, O. Mors, U. Radhakrishna, J.L. Blouin, S.E. Antonarakis, and N.A. Akarsu Genome scan metaanalysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Part III. bipolar disorder Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73 2003 49 62
65. A. Serretti Lithium long-term treatment in mood disorders: clinical and genetic predictors Pharmacogenomics 3 2002 117 129
66. A. Serretti, R. Lilli, C. Lorenzi, M. Gasperini, and E. Smeraldi Tryptophan hydroxylase gene and response to lithium prophylaxis in mood disorders J. Psychiatr. Res. 33 1999 371 377
67. A. Serretti, R. Lilli, L. Mandelli, C. Lorenzi, and E. Smeraldi Serotonin transporter gene associated with lithium prophylaxis in mood disorders Pharmacogenomics J. 1 2001 71 77
68. A. Serretti, C. Lorenzi, R. Lilli, L. Mandelli, A. Pirovano, and E. Smeraldi Pharmacogenetics of lithium prophylaxis in mood disorders: analysis of COMT, MAO-A, and Gbeta3 variants Am. J. Med. Genet. 114 2002 370 379
69. E. Smeraldi, A. Petroccione, M. Gasperini, F. Macciardi, A. Orsini, and K.K. Kidd Outcomes on lithium treatment as a tool for genetic studies in affective disorders J. Affect. Disord. 6 1984 139 151
70. J.C. Soares, and S. Gershon The lithium ion: a foundation for psychopharmacological specificity. [Review] [234 refs] Neuropsychopharmacology 19 1998 167 182
71. J.C. Soares, and S. Gershon The diagnostic boundaries of bipolar disorder Bipolar Disord. 2 2000 1 2
72. O.C. Stine, J. Xu, R. Koskela, F.J. McMahon, M. Gschwend, C. Friddle, C.D. Clark, M.G. McInnis, S.G. Simpson, T.S. Breschel, E. Vishio, K. Riskin, H. Feilotter, E. Chen, S. Shen, S. Folstein, D.A. Meyers, D. Botstein, T.G. Marr, and J.R. DePaulo Evidence for linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 18 with a parent-of-origin effect Am. J. Hum. Genet. 57 1995 1384 1394
73. R.E. Straub, T. Lehner, Y. Luo, J.E. Loth, S. Wei, L. Sharpe, J.R. Alexander, K. Das, R. Simon, R.R. Fieve, B. Lerer, J. Endicott, J. Ott, T.C. Gilliam, and M. Baron A possible vulnerability locus for bipolar affective disorder on chromosome 21q22.3 Nat. Genet. 8 1994 291 296
74. X. Sun, L.T. Young, J.F. Wang, P. Grof, G. Turecki, G.A. Rouleau, and M. Alda Identification of lithium-regulated genes in cultured lymphoblasts of lithium responsive subjects with bipolar disorder Neuropsychopharmacology 29 2004 799 804
75. J. Svestka, and K. Nahunek The result of lithium therapy in acute phases of affective psychoses and some other prognostical factors of lithium prophylaxis Act. Nerv. Super. 17 1975 270 271
76. A.C. Swann, C.L. Bowden, D. Morris, J.R. Calabrese, F. Petty, J. Small, S.C. Dilsaver, and J.M. Davis Depression during mania. Treatment response to lithium or divalproex Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 54 1997 37 42
77. R.E. Tanzi, and L. Bertram New frontiers in Alzheimer's disease genetics Neuron 32 2001 181 184
78. D.S. Timberlake, D.T. O'Connor, and R.J. Parmer Molecular genetics of essential hypertension: recent results and emerging strategies Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 10 2001 71 79
79. G. Turecki, M. Alda, P. Grof, E. Grof, R. Martin, P.A. Cavazzoni, A. Duffy, P. Maciel, and G.A. Rouleau No association between chromosome-18 markers and lithium responsive affective disorders Psychiatry Res. 63 1996 17 23
80. G. Turecki, P. Grof, P. Cavazzoni, A. Duffy, E. Grof, B. Ahrens, A. Berghofer, B. Muller-Oerlinghausen, M. Dvorakova, E. Libigerova, M. Vojtechovsky, P. Zvolsky, R. Joober, A. Nilsson, H. Prochazka, R.W. Licht, N.A. Rasmussen, M. Schou, P. Vestergaard, A. Holzinger, C. Schumann, K. Thau, G.A. Rouleau, and M. Alda Evidence for a role of phospholipase C-gamma1 in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder Mol. Psychiatry 3 1998 534 538
81. G. Turecki, P. Grof, P. Cavazzoni, A. Duffy, E. Grof, B. Ahrens, A. Berghofer, B. Muller-Oerlinghausen, M. Dvorakova, E. Libigerova, M. Vojtechovsky, P. Zvolsky, R. Joober, A. Nilsson, H. Prochazka, R.W. Licht, N.A. Rasmussen, M. Schou, P. Vestergaard, A. Holzinger, C. Schumann, K. Thau, G.A. Rouleau, and M. Alda MAOA: association and linkage studies with lithium responsive bipolar disorder Psychiatr. Genet. 9 1999 13 16
82. G. Turecki, M. Alda, P. Grof, R. Joober, R. Lafreniere, P. Cavazzoni, A. Duffy, E. Grof, B. Ahrens, A. Berghofer, B. Muller-Oerlinghausen, M. Dvorakova, E. Libigerova, M. Vojtechovsky, P. Zvolsky, A. Nilsson, H. Prochazka, R.W. Licht, N.A. Rasmussen, M. Schou, P. Vestergaard, A. Holzinger, C. Schumann, K. Thau, and G.A. Rouleau Expanded polyglutamine tracts: no evidence of a major role in bipolar disorder Mol. Psychiatry 4 1999 220 222
83. G. Turecki, P. Grof, P. Cavazzoni, A. Duffy, E. Grof, R. Martin, R. Joober, G.A. Rouleau, and M. Alda Lithium responsive bipolar disorder, unilineality, and chromosome 18: a linkage study Am. J. Med. Genet. 88 1999 411 415
84. G. Turecki, M. Alda, P. Grof, R. Joober, R. Lafreniere, P. Cavazzoni, A. Duffy, E. Grof, B. Ahrens, A. Berghofer, B. Muller-Oerlinghausen, M. Dvorakova, E. Libigerova, M. Vojtechovsky, P. Zvolsky, A. Nilsson, H. Prochazka, R.W. Licht, N.A. Rasmussen, M. Schou, P. Vestergaard, A. Holzinger, C. Schumann, K. Thau, and G.A. Rouleau Polyglutamine coding genes in bipolar disorder. Lack of association with selected candidate loci J. Affect. Disord. 53 2000 63 68
85. G. Turecki, P. Grof, E. Grof, V. D'Souza, L. Lebuis, C. Marineau, P. Cavazzoni, A. Duffy, C. Betard, P. Zvolsky, C. Robertson, C. Brewer, T.J. Hudson, G.A. Rouleau, and M. Alda Mapping susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder: a pharmacogenetic approach based on excellent response to lithium Mol. Psychiatry 6 2001 570 578
86. J.F. Wang, C. Bown, and L.T. Young Differential Display PCR Reveals Novel Targets for the Mood Stabilizing Drug Valproate Including the Molecular Chaperone GRP78 Mol. Pharmacol. 55 1999 521 527
87. J.F. Wang, C.D. Bown, B. Chen, and L.T. Young Identification of mood stabilizer-regulated genes by differential-display PCR Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 4 2001 65 74
88. J.F. Wang, X. Sun, B. Chen, and L.T. Young Lamotrigine increases gene expression of GABA-A receptor beta3 subunit in primary cultured rat hippocampus cells Neuropsychopharmacology 26 2002 415 421
89. A.B. Weder, N.J. Schork, and S. Julius Linkage of MN locus and erythrocyte lithium-sodium countertransport in Tecumseh, Michigan Hypertension 17 1991 977 981
90. Young, L.T., Joffe, R.T., 1997. Bipolar disorder: biological models and their clinical application.
91. L.T. Young, J.J. Warsh, S.J. Kish, K. Shannak, and O. Hornykiewcz Reduced brain 5-HT and elevated NE turnover in bipolar affective disorder Biol. Psychiatry 35 1994 121 127
92. P. Zvolsky, E. Vinarova, T. Dostal, and K. Soucek Family history of manic-depressive and endogenous depresive patients and clinical effect of treatment with lithium Act. Nerv. Super. 16 1974 194 195
93. P. Zvolsky, M. Dvorakova, K. Soucek, E. Vinarova, and T. Dostal Clinical use of lithium salts from the genetic viewpoint T.B. Cooper S. Gershon N.S. Kline M. Schou Lithium Controversies and Unresolved Issues 1979 Excerpta Medica Amsterdam