메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 167-182

The lithium ion: A foundation for psychopharmacological specificity

Author keywords

Bipolar disorder; Lithium; Psychopharmacology; Specificity; Therapeutics

Indexed keywords

LITHIUM; LITHIUM ION;

EID: 0032171402     PISSN: 0893133X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0893-133X(98)00022-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (49)

References (230)
  • 1
    • 0017472289 scopus 로고
    • Lithium prophylaxis of periodic hypersomnia
    • Abe K. Lithium prophylaxis of periodic hypersomnia. Brit J Psychiat. 130:1977;312-316.
    • (1977) Brit J Psychiat , vol.130 , pp. 312-316
    • Abe, K.1
  • 2
    • 0020680330 scopus 로고
    • Platelet MAO: Personality and response to lithium prophylaxis
    • Abou-Saleh M.T. Platelet MAO. Personality and response to lithium prophylaxis J Aff Dis. 5:1983;55-65.
    • (1983) J Aff Dis , vol.5 , pp. 55-65
    • Abou-Saleh, M.T.1
  • 3
    • 0022448617 scopus 로고
    • Who responds to prophylactic lithium?
    • Abou-Saleh M.T., Coppen A. Who responds to prophylactic lithium? J Aff Dis. 10:1986;115-125.
    • (1986) J Aff Dis , vol.10 , pp. 115-125
    • Abou-Saleh, M.T.1    Coppen, A.2
  • 4
    • 0017228691 scopus 로고
    • Mania and schizo-affective disorder, manic type: A comparison
    • Abrams T., Taylor M.A. Mania and schizo-affective disorder, manic type. A comparison Am J Psychiat. 133:1976;1445-1447.
    • (1976) Am J Psychiat , vol.133 , pp. 1445-1447
    • Abrams, T.1    Taylor, M.A.2
  • 5
    • 0019258125 scopus 로고
    • Development of a new pharmacological seizure model: Effects of anticonvulsants on cortical and amygdala-kindled seizures in the rat
    • Albright P.S., Burnham W.M. Development of a new pharmacological seizure model. Effects of anticonvulsants on cortical and amygdala-kindled seizures in the rat Epilepsia. 21:1980;681-689.
    • (1980) Epilepsia , vol.21 , pp. 681-689
    • Albright, P.S.1    Burnham, W.M.2
  • 7
    • 0017687112 scopus 로고
    • Lithium and aggressive behavior in patients with early total deafness
    • Altshuler K.Z., Abdullah S., Rainer J.D. Lithium and aggressive behavior in patients with early total deafness. Dis Nerv Syst. 38:1977;521-524.
    • (1977) Dis Nerv Syst , vol.38 , pp. 521-524
    • Altshuler, K.Z.1    Abdullah, S.2    Rainer, J.D.3
  • 8
    • 0029162471 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical and physiological effects of cocaine oscillate with sequential drug treatment: Possibly a major factor in drug variability
    • Antelman S.M., Caggiula A.R., Kiss S., Edwards D.J., Kocan D., Stiller R. Neurochemical and physiological effects of cocaine oscillate with sequential drug treatment. Possibly a major factor in drug variability Neuropsychopharmacology. 12:1995;297-306.
    • (1995) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.12 , pp. 297-306
    • Antelman, S.M.1    Caggiula, A.R.2    Kiss, S.3    Edwards, D.J.4    Kocan, D.5    Stiller, R.6
  • 10
    • 0024333847 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of lithium in schizophrenia: Do we really have an answer?
    • Atre-Vaidya N., Taylor M.A. Effectiveness of lithium in schizophrenia. Do we really have an answer? J Clin Psychiat. 50:1989;170-173.
    • (1989) J Clin Psychiat , vol.50 , pp. 170-173
    • Atre-Vaidya, N.1    Taylor, M.A.2
  • 11
    • 0000257077 scopus 로고
    • The use of lithium in manic depressive psychosis
    • Baastrup P.C. The use of lithium in manic depressive psychosis. Comp Psychiat. 5:1964;396-408.
    • (1964) Comp Psychiat , vol.5 , pp. 396-408
    • Baastrup, P.C.1
  • 12
    • 0014053391 scopus 로고
    • Lithium as a prophylactic agent
    • Baastrup P.C., Schou M. Lithium as a prophylactic agent. Arch Gen Psychiat. 16:1967;162-172.
    • (1967) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.16 , pp. 162-172
    • Baastrup, P.C.1    Schou, M.2
  • 13
    • 0014949075 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic lithium: Double-blind discontinuation in manic-depressive and recurrent-depressive disorders
    • Baastrup P.C., Poulsen J.C., Schou M., Thomsen K., Amdisen A. Prophylactic lithium. Double-blind discontinuation in manic-depressive and recurrent-depressive disorders Lancet. 2:1970;326-330.
    • (1970) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 326-330
    • Baastrup, P.C.1    Poulsen, J.C.2    Schou, M.3    Thomsen, K.4    Amdisen, A.5
  • 14
    • 0024241442 scopus 로고
    • The use of anticonvulsants in manic-depressive illness
    • Ballenger J.C. The use of anticonvulsants in manic-depressive illness. J Clin Psychiat. 49:1988;21-25.
    • (1988) J Clin Psychiat , vol.49 , pp. 21-25
    • Ballenger, J.C.1
  • 15
    • 0018880191 scopus 로고
    • Carbamazepine in manic-depressive illness: A new treatment
    • Ballenger J.C., Post R.M. Carbamazepine in manic-depressive illness. A new treatment Am J Psychiat. 137(7):1980;782-790.
    • (1980) Am J Psychiat , vol.137 , Issue.7 , pp. 782-790
    • Ballenger, J.C.1    Post, R.M.2
  • 16
    • 0024418268 scopus 로고
    • Second messenger systems and psychoactive drug action: Focus on the phosphoinositide system and lithium
    • Baraban J.M., Worley P.F., Snyder S.H. Second messenger systems and psychoactive drug action. Focus on the phosphoinositide system and lithium Am J Psychiat. 146:1989;1251-1260.
    • (1989) Am J Psychiat , vol.146 , pp. 1251-1260
    • Baraban, J.M.1    Worley, P.F.2    Snyder, S.H.3
  • 17
    • 0016762980 scopus 로고
    • Lithium carbonate response in depression. Prediction by unipolar-bipolar illness, average-evoked response, catechol-O-methyl transferase, and family history
    • Baron M., Gershon E.S., Rudy V., Jonas W.Z., Buchsbaum M. Lithium carbonate response in depression. Prediction by unipolar-bipolar illness, average-evoked response, catechol-O-methyl transferase, and family history. Arch Gen Psychiat. 32:1975;1107-1111.
    • (1975) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.32 , pp. 1107-1111
    • Baron, M.1    Gershon, E.S.2    Rudy, V.3    Jonas, W.Z.4    Buchsbaum, M.5
  • 18
    • 0023267339 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of mania: A naturalistic study of electroconvulsive therapy versus lithium in 438 patients
    • Black D.W., Winokur G., Nasrallah A. Treatment of mania. A naturalistic study of electroconvulsive therapy versus lithium in 438 patients J Clin Psychiat. 48:1987;132-139.
    • (1987) J Clin Psychiat , vol.48 , pp. 132-139
    • Black, D.W.1    Winokur, G.2    Nasrallah, A.3
  • 20
    • 0028951910 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of response to divalproex and lithium
    • Bowden C.L. Predictors of response to divalproex and lithium. J Clin Psychiat. 56:1995;25-30.
    • (1995) J Clin Psychiat , vol.56 , pp. 25-30
    • Bowden, C.L.1
  • 21
    • 0017643839 scopus 로고
    • Response to lithium in a case of L-dopa-induced psychosis
    • Braden W. Response to lithium in a case of L-dopa-induced psychosis. Am J Psychiat. 134:1977;808-809.
    • (1977) Am J Psychiat , vol.134 , pp. 808-809
    • Braden, W.1
  • 25
    • 78651023893 scopus 로고
    • Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement
    • Cade J.F.J. Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement. Med J Australia. 14:1949;349-352.
    • (1949) Med J Australia , vol.14 , pp. 349-352
    • Cade, J.F.J.1
  • 26
    • 0025250201 scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of efficacy of valproate in 55 patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder
    • Calabrese J.R., Delucchi G.A. Spectrum of efficacy of valproate in 55 patients with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiat. 147:1990;431-434.
    • (1990) Am J Psychiat , vol.147 , pp. 431-434
    • Calabrese, J.R.1    Delucchi, G.A.2
  • 32
    • 0028944698 scopus 로고
    • The likelihood of recurrence in bipolar affective disorder: The importance of episode recency
    • Coryell W., Endicott J., Maser J.D., Mueller T., Lavori P., Keller M. The likelihood of recurrence in bipolar affective disorder. The importance of episode recency J Aff Dis. 33:1995;201-206.
    • (1995) J Aff Dis , vol.33 , pp. 201-206
    • Coryell, W.1    Endicott, J.2    Maser, J.D.3    Mueller, T.4    Lavori, P.5    Keller, M.6
  • 33
    • 0026503621 scopus 로고
    • Carbamazepine versus lithium in the prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder
    • Coxhead N., Silverstone T., Cookson J. Carbamazepine versus lithium in the prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder. Acta Psychiat Scand. 85:1992;114-118.
    • (1992) Acta Psychiat Scand , vol.85 , pp. 114-118
    • Coxhead, N.1    Silverstone, T.2    Cookson, J.3
  • 35
    • 0018194178 scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of cocaine highs by lithium
    • Cronson A.J., Flemenbaum A. Antagonism of cocaine highs by lithium. Am J Psychiat. 135:1978;856-857.
    • (1978) Am J Psychiat , vol.135 , pp. 856-857
    • Cronson, A.J.1    Flemenbaum, A.2
  • 37
    • 0015381697 scopus 로고
    • A controlled evaluation of lithium prophylaxis in affective disorders
    • Cundall R.L., Brooks P.W., Murray L.G. A controlled evaluation of lithium prophylaxis in affective disorders. Psycholog Med. 2:1972;308-311.
    • (1972) Psycholog Med , vol.2 , pp. 308-311
    • Cundall, R.L.1    Brooks, P.W.2    Murray, L.G.3
  • 38
    • 0028914235 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of carbamazepine and lithium in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorders - A meta-analysis
    • Dardennes R., Even C., Bange F., Heim A. Comparison of carbamazepine and lithium in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorders - A meta-analysis. Brit J Psychiat. 166:1995;378-381.
    • (1995) Brit J Psychiat , vol.166 , pp. 378-381
    • Dardennes, R.1    Even, C.2    Bange, F.3    Heim, A.4
  • 39
    • 0017855245 scopus 로고
    • Lithium carbonate treatment of select behavior disorders in children suggesting manic-depressive illness
    • DeLong G.R. Lithium carbonate treatment of select behavior disorders in children suggesting manic-depressive illness. J Pediat. 93:1978;689-694.
    • (1978) J Pediat , vol.93 , pp. 689-694
    • Delong, G.R.1
  • 40
    • 0020581986 scopus 로고
    • Lithium-induced behavioral changes in children with symptoms suggesting manic-depressive illness
    • DeLong G.R., Nieman G.W. Lithium-induced behavioral changes in children with symptoms suggesting manic-depressive illness. Psychopharmacol Bull. 19:1983;258-265.
    • (1983) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.19 , pp. 258-265
    • Delong, G.R.1    Nieman, G.W.2
  • 41
    • 0019952295 scopus 로고
    • Lithium treatment in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorders
    • Delve N.J., Letemendia F.J.J. Lithium treatment in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorders. Brit J Psychiat. 141:1982;387-400.
    • (1982) Brit J Psychiat , vol.141 , pp. 387-400
    • Delve, N.J.1    Letemendia, F.J.J.2
  • 42
    • 0028243391 scopus 로고
    • Lithium addition in treatment-resistant depression
    • de Montigny C. Lithium addition in treatment-resistant depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 9:1994;31-35.
    • (1994) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.9 , pp. 31-35
    • De Montigny, C.1
  • 44
    • 0022992015 scopus 로고
    • Does maintenance lithium therapy prevent recurrences of mania under ordinary clinical conditions?
    • Dickson W.E., Kendell R.E. Does maintenance lithium therapy prevent recurrences of mania under ordinary clinical conditions? Psycholog Med. 16:1986;521-530.
    • (1986) Psycholog Med , vol.16 , pp. 521-530
    • Dickson, W.E.1    Kendell, R.E.2
  • 45
    • 0025732916 scopus 로고
    • Lithium alone or in combination with carbamazepine for the treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar affective disorder
    • Di Constanzo E., Schifano F. Lithium alone or in combination with carbamazepine for the treatment of rapid-cycling bipolar affective disorder. Acta Psychiat Scand. 83:1991;456-459.
    • (1991) Acta Psychiat Scand , vol.83 , pp. 456-459
    • Di Constanzo, E.1    Schifano, F.2
  • 49
    • 0000038801 scopus 로고
    • Antiaggressive effect of lithium salts in severe mentally retarded adolescents
    • Dostal T., Zvolsky P. Antiaggressive effect of lithium salts in severe mentally retarded adolescents. Int Pharmacopsychiat. 5:1970;203-207.
    • (1970) Int Pharmacopsychiat , vol.5 , pp. 203-207
    • Dostal, T.1    Zvolsky, P.2
  • 51
    • 0025758913 scopus 로고
    • Elevated platelet intracellular calcium concentration in bipolar depression
    • Dubovsky S.L., Lee C., Christiano J., Murphy J. Elevated platelet intracellular calcium concentration in bipolar depression. Biolog Psychiat. 29:1991;441-450.
    • (1991) Biolog Psychiat , vol.29 , pp. 441-450
    • Dubovsky, S.L.1    Lee, C.2    Christiano, J.3    Murphy, J.4
  • 52
    • 0026558672 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal intracellular calcium ion concentration in platelets and lymphocytes of bipolar patients
    • Dubovsky S.L., Murphy J., Thomas M., Rademacher J. Abnormal intracellular calcium ion concentration in platelets and lymphocytes of bipolar patients. Am J Psychiat. 149:1992;118-120.
    • (1992) Am J Psychiat , vol.149 , pp. 118-120
    • Dubovsky, S.L.1    Murphy, J.2    Thomas, M.3    Rademacher, J.4
  • 53
    • 0028281236 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular calcium signalling in peripheral cells of patients with bipolar affective disorder
    • Dubovsky S.L., Thomas M., Hijazi A., Murphy J. Intracellular calcium signalling in peripheral cells of patients with bipolar affective disorder. Eur Arch Psychiat Clin Neurosci. 243:1994;229-234.
    • (1994) Eur Arch Psychiat Clin Neurosci , vol.243 , pp. 229-234
    • Dubovsky, S.L.1    Thomas, M.2    Hijazi, A.3    Murphy, J.4
  • 54
    • 0017230925 scopus 로고
    • Lithium carbonate and affective disorders. V: A double-blind study of prophylaxis of depression in bipolar illness
    • Dunner D.L., Stallone F., Fieve R.R. Lithium carbonate and affective disorders. V. A double-blind study of prophylaxis of depression in bipolar illness Arch Gen Psychiat. 33:1976;117-120.
    • (1976) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.33 , pp. 117-120
    • Dunner, D.L.1    Stallone, F.2    Fieve, R.R.3
  • 55
    • 0028909892 scopus 로고
    • Initial lithium augmentation improves the antidepressant effects of standard TCA treatment in nonresistant depressed patients
    • Ebert D., Jaspert A., Murata H., Kaschka W.P. Initial lithium augmentation improves the antidepressant effects of standard TCA treatment in nonresistant depressed patients. Psychopharmacology. 118:1995;223-225.
    • (1995) Psychopharmacology , vol.118 , pp. 223-225
    • Ebert, D.1    Jaspert, A.2    Murata, H.3    Kaschka, W.P.4
  • 56
    • 0022363516 scopus 로고
    • An open trial of carbamazepine in treatment-resistant bipolar and schizo-affective psychotics
    • Elphick M. An open trial of carbamazepine in treatment-resistant bipolar and schizo-affective psychotics. Brit J Psychiat. 147:1985;198-200.
    • (1985) Brit J Psychiat , vol.147 , pp. 198-200
    • Elphick, M.1
  • 57
    • 0021951171 scopus 로고
    • The use of sodium valproate, carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine in patients with affective disorders
    • Emrich H.M., Dose M., von Zerssen D. The use of sodium valproate, carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine in patients with affective disorders. J Aff Dis. 8:1985;243-250.
    • (1985) J Aff Dis , vol.8 , pp. 243-250
    • Emrich, H.M.1    Dose, M.2    Von Zerssen, D.3
  • 59
    • 0027978042 scopus 로고
    • Lithium and tricyclic augmentation of fluoxetine treatment for resistant major depression: A double-blind, controlled study
    • Fava M., Rosenbaum J.F., McGrath P.J., Stewart J.W., Amsterdam J.D., Quitkin F.M. Lithium and tricyclic augmentation of fluoxetine treatment for resistant major depression. A double-blind, controlled study Am J Psychiat. 155:1994;1372-1374.
    • (1994) Am J Psychiat , vol.155 , pp. 1372-1374
    • Fava, M.1    Rosenbaum, J.F.2    McGrath, P.J.3    Stewart, J.W.4    Amsterdam, J.D.5    Quitkin, F.M.6
  • 61
    • 0016618476 scopus 로고
    • Lithium carbonate in affective disorders. IV. A double-blind study of prophylaxis unipolar recurrent depression
    • Fieve R.R., Dunner D.L., Kumbarachi T., Stallone F. Lithium carbonate in affective disorders. IV. A double-blind study of prophylaxis unipolar recurrent depression. Arch Gen Psychiat. 32:1975;1541-1544.
    • (1975) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.32 , pp. 1541-1544
    • Fieve, R.R.1    Dunner, D.L.2    Kumbarachi, T.3    Stallone, F.4
  • 64
    • 0026530896 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind comparison of valproate and lithium in the treatment of acute mania
    • Freeman T.W., Clothier J.L., Passaglia P., Lesem M.D., Swann A.C. A double-blind comparison of valproate and lithium in the treatment of acute mania. Am J Psychiat. 149:1992;108-111.
    • (1992) Am J Psychiat , vol.149 , pp. 108-111
    • Freeman, T.W.1    Clothier, J.L.2    Passaglia, P.3    Lesem, M.D.4    Swann, A.C.5
  • 65
    • 0025880834 scopus 로고
    • A retrospective study of valproate in private psychiatric practice
    • Fogelson D.L., Jacobson S., Sternbach H. A retrospective study of valproate in private psychiatric practice. Ann Clin Psychiat. 3:1991;315-320.
    • (1991) Ann Clin Psychiat , vol.3 , pp. 315-320
    • Fogelson, D.L.1    Jacobson, S.2    Sternbach, H.3
  • 67
    • 0027278902 scopus 로고
    • Altered platelet protein kinase C activity in bipolar affective disorder, manic episode
    • Friedman E., Wang H.Y., Levinson D., Connell T.A., Singh H. Altered platelet protein kinase C activity in bipolar affective disorder, manic episode. Biolog Psychiat. 33:1993;520-525.
    • (1993) Biolog Psychiat , vol.33 , pp. 520-525
    • Friedman, E.1    Wang, H.Y.2    Levinson, D.3    Connell, T.A.4    Singh, H.5
  • 68
    • 0019181709 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of haloperidol, lithium carbonate, and their combination in the treatment of mania
    • Garfinkel P.E., Stancer H.C., Persad E. A comparison of haloperidol, lithium carbonate, and their combination in the treatment of mania. J Aff Dis. 2:1980;279-288.
    • (1980) J Aff Dis , vol.2 , pp. 279-288
    • Garfinkel, P.E.1    Stancer, H.C.2    Persad, E.3
  • 69
    • 0021277529 scopus 로고
    • Lithium response and psychosis: A double-blind placebo-controlled study
    • Garver D.L., Hirschowitz J., Fleischman R., Djuric P.E. Lithium response and psychosis. A double-blind placebo-controlled study Psychiat Res. 12(1):1984;S7-S8.
    • (1984) Psychiat Res , vol.12 , Issue.1
    • Garver, D.L.1    Hirschowitz, J.2    Fleischman, R.3    Djuric, P.E.4
  • 70
    • 0020364798 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of bipolar patients with and without a borderline personality disorder
    • Gaviria M., Flaherty J., Val E. A comparison of bipolar patients with and without a borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric J Univ Ottawa. 7:1982;190-195.
    • (1982) Psychiatric J Univ Ottawa , vol.7 , pp. 190-195
    • Gaviria, M.1    Flaherty, J.2    Val, E.3
  • 71
    • 0010436951 scopus 로고
    • Lithium treatment of obsessive-compulsive neurosis: A double-blind therapeutic trial with negative result
    • Geisler A., Schou M. Lithium treatment of obsessive-compulsive neurosis. A double-blind therapeutic trial with negative result Foreign Psychiat. 2:1973;90-94.
    • (1973) Foreign Psychiat , vol.2 , pp. 90-94
    • Geisler, A.1    Schou, M.2
  • 72
    • 72749098458 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of shock dependency by pharmacological agents
    • Gershon S., Trautner E.M. The treatment of shock dependency by pharmacological agents. Med J Australia. 12(7):1956;S2-S12.
    • (1956) Med J Australia , vol.12 , Issue.7
    • Gershon, S.1    Trautner, E.M.2
  • 73
    • 0000011596 scopus 로고
    • Lithium ion: A specific psychopharmacological approach to the treatment of mania
    • Gershon S., Yuwiler A. Lithium ion. A specific psychopharmacological approach to the treatment of mania J Neuropsychiat. 1:1960;229-241.
    • (1960) J Neuropsychiat , vol.1 , pp. 229-241
    • Gershon, S.1    Yuwiler, A.2
  • 75
    • 0031031170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current therapeutic profile of lithium
    • Gershon S., Soares J.C. Current therapeutic profile of lithium. Arch Gen Psychiat. 54:1997;16-20.
    • (1997) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.54 , pp. 16-20
    • Gershon, S.1    Soares, J.C.2
  • 76
    • 0021592774 scopus 로고
    • Continuation therapy with lithium and amitriptyline in unipolar depressive illness: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
    • Glen A.I., Johnson A.L., Shepherd M. Continuation therapy with lithium and amitriptyline in unipolar depressive illness. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial Psycholog Med. 14:1984;37-50.
    • (1984) Psycholog Med , vol.14 , pp. 37-50
    • Glen, A.I.1    Johnson, A.L.2    Shepherd, M.3
  • 77
    • 0017643408 scopus 로고
    • Lithium carbonate in management of hyperactive aggressive behavior of mentally retarded
    • Goetzl U., Gruenberg F., Berkowit B. Lithium carbonate in management of hyperactive aggressive behavior of mentally retarded. Comp Psychiat. 18:1977;599-606.
    • (1977) Comp Psychiat , vol.18 , pp. 599-606
    • Goetzl, U.1    Gruenberg, F.2    Berkowit, B.3
  • 79
    • 0018613362 scopus 로고
    • Lithium in the treatment of mania - Comparisons with neuroleptics
    • Goodwin F.K., Zis A.P. Lithium in the treatment of mania - Comparisons with neuroleptics. Arch Gen Psychiat. 36:1979;840-844.
    • (1979) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.36 , pp. 840-844
    • Goodwin, F.K.1    Zis, A.P.2
  • 81
    • 0028221657 scopus 로고
    • Recurrence of mania after lithium withdrawal - Implications for the use of lithium in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder
    • Goodwin G.M. Recurrence of mania after lithium withdrawal - Implications for the use of lithium in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder. Brit J Psychiat. 164:1994;149-152.
    • (1994) Brit J Psychiat , vol.164 , pp. 149-152
    • Goodwin, G.M.1
  • 82
    • 0000757901 scopus 로고
    • Lithium revisited - A reply
    • Goodwin G.M. Lithium revisited - A reply. Brit J Psychiat. 167:1995;573-574.
    • (1995) Brit J Psychiat , vol.167 , pp. 573-574
    • Goodwin, G.M.1
  • 83
    • 0027304561 scopus 로고
    • The challenge of predicting response to stabilizing lithium treatment. The importance of patient selection
    • Grof P., Alda M., Grof E., Fox D., Cameron P. The challenge of predicting response to stabilizing lithium treatment. The importance of patient selection. Brit J Psychiat. 21:1993;16-19.
    • (1993) Brit J Psychiat , vol.21 , pp. 16-19
    • Grof, P.1    Alda, M.2    Grof, E.3    Fox, D.4    Cameron, P.5
  • 85
    • 0028225942 scopus 로고
    • Lithium prophylaxis in recurrent affective illness. Efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency
    • Guscott R., Taylor L. Lithium prophylaxis in recurrent affective illness. Efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency. Brit J Psychiat. 164:1994;741-746.
    • (1994) Brit J Psychiat , vol.164 , pp. 741-746
    • Guscott, R.1    Taylor, L.2
  • 87
    • 84873774278 scopus 로고
    • The use of lithium salts in affective disorders
    • Hartigan G.P. The use of lithium salts in affective disorders. Brit J Psychiat. 109:1963;810-814.
    • (1963) Brit J Psychiat , vol.109 , pp. 810-814
    • Hartigan, G.P.1
  • 88
    • 0026590056 scopus 로고
    • Long-term valproate prophylaxis in refractory affective disorders
    • Hayes S.G. Long-term valproate prophylaxis in refractory affective disorders. Ann Clin Psychiat. 4:1992;55-63.
    • (1992) Ann Clin Psychiat , vol.4 , pp. 55-63
    • Hayes, S.G.1
  • 89
    • 0021047672 scopus 로고
    • Lithium carbonate augmentation of antidepressant treatment. An effective prescription for treatment-refractory depression
    • Heninger G.R., Charney D.S., Sternberg D.E. Lithium carbonate augmentation of antidepressant treatment. An effective prescription for treatment-refractory depression. Arch Gen Psychiat. 40:1983;1335-1342.
    • (1983) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.40 , pp. 1335-1342
    • Heninger, G.R.1    Charney, D.S.2    Sternberg, D.E.3
  • 90
    • 0017103746 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and significance of mixed affective states in a bipolar population
    • Himmelhoch J.M., Mulla D., Neil J.F., Detre T.P., Kupfer D.J. Incidence and significance of mixed affective states in a bipolar population. Arch Gen Psychiat. 33:1976;1062-1066.
    • (1976) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.33 , pp. 1062-1066
    • Himmelhoch, J.M.1    Mulla, D.2    Neil, J.F.3    Detre, T.P.4    Kupfer, D.J.5
  • 91
    • 0025860380 scopus 로고
    • Tranylcypromine versus imipramine in anergic bipolar depression
    • Himmelhoch J.M., Thase M.F., Mallinger A.G., Houck P. Tranylcypromine versus imipramine in anergic bipolar depression. Am J Psychiat. 148:1991;910-916.
    • (1991) Am J Psychiat , vol.148 , pp. 910-916
    • Himmelhoch, J.M.1    Thase, M.F.2    Mallinger, A.G.3    Houck, P.4
  • 93
    • 0020071208 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone levels and lithium ratios as predictors of success of lithium therapy in schizophrenia
    • Hirschowitz J., Zemlan F.P., Garver D.L. Growth hormone levels and lithium ratios as predictors of success of lithium therapy in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiat. 139:1982;646-649.
    • (1982) Am J Psychiat , vol.139 , pp. 646-649
    • Hirschowitz, J.1    Zemlan, F.P.2    Garver, D.L.3
  • 94
    • 0016814329 scopus 로고
    • The use of lithium in the treatment of the drug-induced psychotic reaction
    • Horowitz H.A. The use of lithium in the treatment of the drug-induced psychotic reaction. Dis Nerv Syst. 36:1975;159-163.
    • (1975) Dis Nerv Syst , vol.36 , pp. 159-163
    • Horowitz, H.A.1
  • 95
    • 0015504617 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic lithium in recurrent affective disorders
    • Hullin RP, McDonald R, Allsopp MNE (1972): Prophylactic lithium in recurrent affective disorders. Lancet ii:1044-1046.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1044-1046
    • Hullin, R.P.1    McDonald, R.2    Allsopp, M.N.E.3
  • 96
    • 0015853677 scopus 로고
    • Depression and mania associated with Kleine-Levin-Critchley syndrome
    • Jeffries J.J., Lefebvre A. Depression and mania associated with Kleine-Levin-Critchley syndrome. Can Psychiatric Ass J. 18:1973;439-444.
    • (1973) Can Psychiatric Ass J , vol.18 , pp. 439-444
    • Jeffries, J.J.1    Lefebvre, A.2
  • 97
    • 0027225549 scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled comparison of lithium and triiodothyronine augmentation of tricyclic antidepressants in unipolar refractory depression
    • Joffe R.T., Singer W., Levitt A.J., MacDonald C. A placebo-controlled comparison of lithium and triiodothyronine augmentation of tricyclic antidepressants in unipolar refractory depression. Arch Gen Psychiat. 50:1993;387-393.
    • (1993) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.50 , pp. 387-393
    • Joffe, R.T.1    Singer, W.2    Levitt, A.J.3    MacDonald, C.4
  • 98
    • 0014354276 scopus 로고
    • Controlled evaluation of lithium and chlorpromazine in the treatment of manic states: An interim report
    • Johnson G., Gershon S., Hekimian L.J. Controlled evaluation of lithium and chlorpromazine in the treatment of manic states. An interim report Comp Psychiat. 9:1968;563-573.
    • (1968) Comp Psychiat , vol.9 , pp. 563-573
    • Johnson, G.1    Gershon, S.2    Hekimian, L.J.3
  • 99
    • 0014851652 scopus 로고
    • Differential response to lithium carbonate in manic depressive and schizo-affective disorders
    • September:
    • Johnson G (1970): Differential response to lithium carbonate in manic depressive and schizo-affective disorders. Dis Nerv Syst, September:613-615.
    • (1970) Dis Nerv Syst , pp. 613-615
    • Johnson, G.1
  • 100
    • 0015122173 scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of lithium and chlorpromazine in the treatment of acute manic states
    • Johnson G., Gershon S., Burdock E.I., Floyd A., Hekimian L. Comparative effects of lithium and chlorpromazine in the treatment of acute manic states. Brit J Psychiat. 119:1971;267-276.
    • (1971) Brit J Psychiat , vol.119 , pp. 267-276
    • Johnson, G.1    Gershon, S.2    Burdock, E.I.3    Floyd, A.4    Hekimian, L.5
  • 101
    • 0015981526 scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant effect of lithium
    • Johnson G. Antidepressant effect of lithium. Comp Psychiat. 15:1974;43-47.
    • (1974) Comp Psychiat , vol.15 , pp. 43-47
    • Johnson, G.1
  • 102
    • 0021715163 scopus 로고
    • Lithium antagonizes ethanol intoxication of alcoholics
    • Judd L.L., Huey L.Y. Lithium antagonizes ethanol intoxication of alcoholics. Am J Psychiat. 141:1984;1517-1521.
    • (1984) Am J Psychiat , vol.141 , pp. 1517-1521
    • Judd, L.L.1    Huey, L.Y.2
  • 103
    • 0019983714 scopus 로고
    • Lithium carbonate and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar II illness: A prospective, placebo-controlled comparison
    • Kane J.M., Quitkin F.M., Rifkin A., Ramos-Lorenzi J.R., Nayak D.D., Howard A. Lithium carbonate and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar II illness. A prospective, placebo-controlled comparison Arch Gen Psychiat. 39:1982;1065-1069.
    • (1982) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.39 , pp. 1065-1069
    • Kane, J.M.1    Quitkin, F.M.2    Rifkin, A.3    Ramos-Lorenzi, J.R.4    Nayak, D.D.5    Howard, A.6
  • 106
    • 0021908798 scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of mania
    • Kendell R.E. The diagnosis of mania. J Aff Dis. 8:1985;207-213.
    • (1985) J Aff Dis , vol.8 , pp. 207-213
    • Kendell, R.E.1
  • 107
    • 0023067939 scopus 로고
    • Lithium versus placebo in acute depression: A clinical trial
    • Khan M.C., Wickham E.A., Reed J.V. Lithium versus placebo in acute depression. A clinical trial Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2:1987;47-54.
    • (1987) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.2 , pp. 47-54
    • Khan, M.C.1    Wickham, E.A.2    Reed, J.V.3
  • 108
    • 0027722019 scopus 로고
    • Ziskind-Somerfeld Research Award 1993. Biochemical, behavioral, and clinical studies of the role of inositol in lithium treatment and depression
    • Kofman O., Belmaker R.H. Ziskind-Somerfeld Research Award 1993. Biochemical, behavioral, and clinical studies of the role of inositol in lithium treatment and depression. Biolog Psychiat. 34:1993;839-852.
    • (1993) Biolog Psychiat , vol.34 , pp. 839-852
    • Kofman, O.1    Belmaker, R.H.2
  • 109
    • 0018075177 scopus 로고
    • Secondary mania - Manic syndromes associated with antecedent physical illness or drugs
    • Krauthammer C., Klerman G.L. Secondary mania - Manic syndromes associated with antecedent physical illness or drugs. Arch Gen Psychiat. 35:1978;1333-1339.
    • (1978) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.35 , pp. 1333-1339
    • Krauthammer, C.1    Klerman, G.L.2
  • 111
    • 0013911902 scopus 로고
    • Action neuropsychotrope d'un nouvel anti-épileptique: Le dépamide
    • Lambert P.A., Carraz G., Borselli S., Carrel M.S. Action neuropsychotrope d'un nouvel anti-épileptique. le dépamide Ann M Psychol. 1:1966;707-710.
    • (1966) Ann M Psychol , vol.1 , pp. 707-710
    • Lambert, P.A.1    Carraz, G.2    Borselli, S.3    Carrel, M.S.4
  • 112
    • 0002299950 scopus 로고
    • Acute and prophylactic therapies of patients with affective disorders using valpromide (dipropylacetamide)
    • H.M. Emrich, T. Okuma, & A.A. Muller. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica
    • Lambert P.A. Acute and prophylactic therapies of patients with affective disorders using valpromide (dipropylacetamide). Emrich H.M., Okuma T., Muller A.A. Anticonvulsants in Affective Disorders. 1984;33-44 Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam.
    • (1984) Anticonvulsants in Affective Disorders , pp. 33-44
    • Lambert, P.A.1
  • 113
    • 0027223185 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of lithium treatment in alcoholism
    • Lejoyeux M., Ades J. Evaluation of lithium treatment in alcoholism. Alcohol Alcoholism. 28:1993;273-279.
    • (1993) Alcohol Alcoholism , vol.28 , pp. 273-279
    • Lejoyeux, M.1    Ades, J.2
  • 114
    • 0022230259 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the role of brain cholinergic systems in the therapeutic mechanisms and adverse effects of ECT and lithium
    • Lerer B. Studies on the role of brain cholinergic systems in the therapeutic mechanisms and adverse effects of ECT and lithium. Biolog Psychiat. 20:1985;20-40.
    • (1985) Biolog Psychiat , vol.20 , pp. 20-40
    • Lerer, B.1
  • 116
    • 0024337707 scopus 로고
    • Acute antidepressant effect of lithium is associated with fluctuation of calcium and magnesium in plasma. A double-blind study on the antidepressant effect of lithium and clomipramine
    • Linder J., Fyro B., Pettersson U., Werner S. Acute antidepressant effect of lithium is associated with fluctuation of calcium and magnesium in plasma. A double-blind study on the antidepressant effect of lithium and clomipramine. Acta Psychiat Scand. 80:1989;27-36.
    • (1989) Acta Psychiat Scand , vol.80 , pp. 27-36
    • Linder, J.1    Fyro, B.2    Pettersson, U.3    Werner, S.4
  • 118
    • 0023790128 scopus 로고
    • Carbamazepine vs. lithium in the treatment and prophylaxis of mania
    • Lusznat R.M., Murphy D.P., Nunn C.M. Carbamazepine vs. lithium in the treatment and prophylaxis of mania. Brit J Psychiat. 153:1988;198-204.
    • (1988) Brit J Psychiat , vol.153 , pp. 198-204
    • Lusznat, R.M.1    Murphy, D.P.2    Nunn, C.M.3
  • 119
    • 0021137347 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of lithium prophylaxis in schizoaffective psychosis: Application of a polydiagnostic approach
    • Maj M. Effectiveness of lithium prophylaxis in schizoaffective psychosis. Application of a polydiagnostic approach Acta Psychiat Scand. 70:1984;228-234.
    • (1984) Acta Psychiat Scand , vol.70 , pp. 228-234
    • Maj, M.1
  • 120
    • 0023853332 scopus 로고
    • Lithium prophylaxis of schizoaffective disorders: A prospective study
    • Maj M. Lithium prophylaxis of schizoaffective disorders. A prospective study J Aff Dis. 14:1988;129-135.
    • (1988) J Aff Dis , vol.14 , pp. 129-135
    • Maj, M.1
  • 121
    • 0024340558 scopus 로고
    • Previous pattern of course of the illness as a predictor of response to lithium prophylaxis in bipolar patients
    • Maj M., Pirozzi R., Starace F. Previous pattern of course of the illness as a predictor of response to lithium prophylaxis in bipolar patients. J Aff Dis. 17:1989;237-241.
    • (1989) J Aff Dis , vol.17 , pp. 237-241
    • Maj, M.1    Pirozzi, R.2    Starace, F.3
  • 122
    • 0026410655 scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome of lithium prophylaxis in bipolar patients
    • Maj M., Pirozzi R., Kemali D. Long-term outcome of lithium prophylaxis in bipolar patients. Arch Gen Psychiat. 48:1991;772.
    • (1991) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.48 , pp. 772
    • Maj, M.1    Pirozzi, R.2    Kemali, D.3
  • 123
    • 0022496569 scopus 로고
    • Is there a lithium withdrawal syndrome?
    • Mander A.J. Is there a lithium withdrawal syndrome? Brit J Psychiat. 149:1986;498-501.
    • (1986) Brit J Psychiat , vol.149 , pp. 498-501
    • Mander, A.J.1
  • 124
    • 0023877101 scopus 로고
    • Rapid recurrence of mania following abrupt discontinuation of lithium
    • Mander A.J., Loudon J.B. Rapid recurrence of mania following abrupt discontinuation of lithium. Lancet. 2:1988;15-17.
    • (1988) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 15-17
    • Mander, A.J.1    Loudon, J.B.2
  • 125
    • 0027972567 scopus 로고
    • Long-term action of lithium: A role for transcriptional and postranscriptional factors regulated by protein kinase C
    • Manji H.K., Lenox R.H. Long-term action of lithium. A role for transcriptional and postranscriptional factors regulated by protein kinase C Synapse. 16:1994;11-28.
    • (1994) Synapse , vol.16 , pp. 11-28
    • Manji, H.K.1    Lenox, R.H.2
  • 126
    • 0029044932 scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction pathways. Molecular targets for lithium's action
    • Manji H.K., Potter W.Z., Lenox R.H. Signal transduction pathways. Molecular targets for lithium's action. Arch Gen Psychiat. 52:1995;531-543.
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.52 , pp. 531-543
    • Manji, H.K.1    Potter, W.Z.2    Lenox, R.H.3
  • 127
    • 0017619521 scopus 로고
    • Antiaggressive effect of lithium ion in man
    • Marini J.I., Sheard M.H. Antiaggressive effect of lithium ion in man. Acta Psychiat Scand. 55:1977;269-286.
    • (1977) Acta Psychiat Scand , vol.55 , pp. 269-286
    • Marini, J.I.1    Sheard, M.H.2
  • 128
    • 0016182553 scopus 로고
    • A comparison between lithium, placebo, and a diuretic in premenstrual tension
    • Mattsson B., von Schoultz B. A comparison between lithium, placebo, and a diuretic in premenstrual tension. Acta Psychiat Scand. 255:1974;75-84.
    • (1974) Acta Psychiat Scand , vol.255 , pp. 75-84
    • Mattsson, B.1    Von Schoultz, B.2
  • 129
  • 130
    • 0025910604 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of lithium augmentation in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: Lack of efficacy
    • McDougle C.J., Price L.H., Goodman W.K., Charney D.S., Heninger G.R. A controlled trial of lithium augmentation in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Lack of efficacy J Clin Psychopharmacol. 11:1991;175-184.
    • (1991) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 175-184
    • McDougle, C.J.1    Price, L.H.2    Goodman, W.K.3    Charney, D.S.4    Heninger, G.R.5
  • 133
    • 0026440116 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and research implications of the diagnosis of dysphoric or mixed mania or hypomania
    • a
    • McElroy S.L., Keck P.E. Jr., Pope H.G. Jr., Hudson J.I., Faedda G.L., Swann A.C. Clinical and research implications of the diagnosis of dysphoric or mixed mania or hypomania. Am J Psychiat. 149:1992;1633-1644. a.
    • (1992) Am J Psychiat , vol.149 , pp. 1633-1644
    • McElroy, S.L.1    Keck P.E., Jr.2    Pope H.G., Jr.3    Hudson, J.I.4    Faedda, G.L.5    Swann, A.C.6
  • 134
    • 0026527420 scopus 로고
    • Valproate in the treatment of bipolar disorder: Literature review and clinical guidelines
    • b
    • McElroy S.L., Keck P.E. Jr., Pope H.G. Jr., Hudson J.I. Valproate in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Literature review and clinical guidelines J Clin Psychopharmacol. 12:1992;42S-52S. b.
    • (1992) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.12
    • McElroy, S.L.1    Keck P.E., Jr.2    Pope H.G., Jr.3    Hudson, J.I.4
  • 135
    • 0016918390 scopus 로고
    • Lithium and affective disorders associated with organic brain impairment
    • Mehta D.B. Lithium and affective disorders associated with organic brain impairment. Am J Psychiat. 133:1976;236.
    • (1976) Am J Psychiat , vol.133 , pp. 236
    • Mehta, D.B.1
  • 136
    • 0015293251 scopus 로고
    • A controlled study of the antidepressant effect of lithium carbonate
    • Mendels J., Secunda S.K., Dyson W.L. A controlled study of the antidepressant effect of lithium carbonate. Arch Gen Psychiat. 26:1972;154-157.
    • (1972) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.26 , pp. 154-157
    • Mendels, J.1    Secunda, S.K.2    Dyson, W.L.3
  • 137
    • 0017279336 scopus 로고
    • Lithium in the treatment of depression
    • Mendels J. Lithium in the treatment of depression. Am J Psychiat. 133:1979;373-378.
    • (1979) Am J Psychiat , vol.133 , pp. 373-378
    • Mendels, J.1
  • 138
    • 0016413147 scopus 로고
    • Genetic factors and lithium response in manic-depressive illness
    • Mendlewicz J., Stallone F. Genetic factors and lithium response in manic-depressive illness. Mod Prob Pharmacopsychiat. 10:1975;23-29.
    • (1975) Mod Prob Pharmacopsychiat , vol.10 , pp. 23-29
    • Mendlewicz, J.1    Stallone, F.2
  • 139
    • 0017136468 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic treatment of alcoholism by lithium carbonate. A controlled study
    • Merry J., Reynolds C.M., Bailey J., Coppen A. Prophylactic treatment of alcoholism by lithium carbonate. A controlled study. Lancet. 1:1976;481-482.
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 481-482
    • Merry, J.1    Reynolds, C.M.2    Bailey, J.3    Coppen, A.4
  • 140
    • 0018293707 scopus 로고
    • Lithium carbonate in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder: Review and hypothesis
    • Miller F.T., Libman H. Lithium carbonate in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder. Review and hypothesis Biol Psychiat. 14:1979;705-710.
    • (1979) Biol Psychiat , vol.14 , pp. 705-710
    • Miller, F.T.1    Libman, H.2
  • 141
    • 0018929130 scopus 로고
    • Lithium and lady luck: Use of lithium carbonate in compulsive gambling
    • Moskowitz I.A. Lithium and lady luck. Use of lithium carbonate in compulsive gambling NY State J Med. 80:1980;785-788.
    • (1980) NY State J Med , vol.80 , pp. 785-788
    • Moskowitz, I.A.1
  • 142
    • 0029554767 scopus 로고
    • Lithium revisited - A re-examination of the placebo-controlled trials of lithium prophylaxis in manic-depressive disorder
    • Moncrieff J. Lithium revisited - A re-examination of the placebo-controlled trials of lithium prophylaxis in manic-depressive disorder. Brit J Psychiat. 167:1995;569-574.
    • (1995) Brit J Psychiat , vol.167 , pp. 569-574
    • Moncrieff, J.1
  • 143
    • 0015991003 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind trial of long-term lithium therapy in mental defectives
    • Naylor G.J., Donald J.M., Le Poidevin D., Reid A.H. A double-blind trial of long-term lithium therapy in mental defectives. Brit J Psychiat. 124:1974;52-57.
    • (1974) Brit J Psychiat , vol.124 , pp. 52-57
    • Naylor, G.J.1    Donald, J.M.2    Le Poidevin, D.3    Reid, A.H.4
  • 144
    • 0023934590 scopus 로고
    • Carbamazepine in nonresponsive psychosis
    • Neppe V.M. Carbamazepine in nonresponsive psychosis. J Clin Psychiat. 49:1988;22-28.
    • (1988) J Clin Psychiat , vol.49 , pp. 22-28
    • Neppe, V.M.1
  • 145
    • 0001587387 scopus 로고
    • Lithium treatment of maniacal psychosis
    • Noack C.H., Trautner E.M. Lithium treatment of maniacal psychosis. Med J Australia. 18:1951;219-222.
    • (1951) Med J Australia , vol.18 , pp. 219-222
    • Noack, C.H.1    Trautner, E.M.2
  • 147
    • 0025809814 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of bipolar disorder on long-term treatment with lithium
    • O'Connell R.A., Mayo J.A., Flatow L.et al. Outcome of bipolar disorder on long-term treatment with lithium. Brit J Psychiat. 159:1991;123-129.
    • (1991) Brit J Psychiat , vol.159 , pp. 123-129
    • O'Connell, R.A.1    Mayo, J.A.2    Flatow, L.3
  • 148
    • 0016921861 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of periodic somnolence with lithium carbonate
    • Ogura C., Okuma T., Nakazawa K.et al. Treatment of periodic somnolence with lithium carbonate. Arch Neurol. 33:1976;143.
    • (1976) Arch Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 143
    • Ogura, C.1    Okuma, T.2    Nakazawa, K.3
  • 149
    • 0018641982 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the antimanic efficacy of carbamazepine and chlorpromazine: A double-blind controlled study
    • Okuma T., Inanaga K., Otsuki S.et al. Comparison of the antimanic efficacy of carbamazepine and chlorpromazine. A double-blind controlled study Psychopharmacology. 66:1979;211-217.
    • (1979) Psychopharmacology , vol.66 , pp. 211-217
    • Okuma, T.1    Inanaga, K.2    Otsuki, S.3
  • 150
    • 0019460596 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary double-blind study on the efficacy of carbamazepine in prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness
    • Okuma T., Inanaga K., Otsuki S.et al. A preliminary double-blind study on the efficacy of carbamazepine in prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness. Psychopharmacology. 73:1981;95-96.
    • (1981) Psychopharmacology , vol.73 , pp. 95-96
    • Okuma, T.1    Inanaga, K.2    Otsuki, S.3
  • 151
    • 0020960987 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of carbamazepine in bipolar disorders
    • Okuma T. Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of carbamazepine in bipolar disorders. Psychiat Clin North Am. 6:1983;157-174.
    • (1983) Psychiat Clin North Am , vol.6 , pp. 157-174
    • Okuma, T.1
  • 153
    • 0037922378 scopus 로고
    • Morbidity suppressive effect of lithium carbonate in cycloid psychosis
    • Perris C. Morbidity suppressive effect of lithium carbonate in cycloid psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiat. 35:1978;328-331.
    • (1978) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.35 , pp. 328-331
    • Perris, C.1
  • 155
    • 0029164246 scopus 로고
    • GABA and mood disorders: A brief review and hypothesis
    • Petty F. GABA and mood disorders. A brief review and hypothesis J Aff Dis. 34:1995;275-281.
    • (1995) J Aff Dis , vol.34 , pp. 275-281
    • Petty, F.1
  • 156
    • 0022982141 scopus 로고
    • The comparative efficacy and safety of carbamazepine versus lithium: A randomized, double-blind 3-year trial in 83 patients
    • Placidi G.F., Lenzi A., Lazzerini F., Cassano G.B., Akiskal H.S. The comparative efficacy and safety of carbamazepine versus lithium. A randomized, double-blind 3-year trial in 83 patients J Clin Psychiat. 47:1986;490-494.
    • (1986) J Clin Psychiat , vol.47 , pp. 490-494
    • Placidi, G.F.1    Lenzi, A.2    Lazzerini, F.3    Cassano, G.B.4    Akiskal, H.S.5
  • 157
    • 0014853358 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lithium carbonate and chlorpromazine in mania
    • Platman S.R. A comparison of lithium carbonate and chlorpromazine in mania. Am J Psychiat. 127:1970;351-353.
    • (1970) Am J Psychiat , vol.127 , pp. 351-353
    • Platman, S.R.1
  • 159
    • 0018849031 scopus 로고
    • "schizoaffective disorder": An invalid diagnosis? A comparison of carbamazepine disorder, schizophrenia, and affective disorder
    • Pope H.G. Jr., Lipinski J.F., Cohen B.M., Axelrod D.T. "Schizoaffective disorder" An invalid diagnosis? A comparison of carbamazepine disorder, schizophrenia, and affective disorder Am J Psychiat. 137:1980;921-927.
    • (1980) Am J Psychiat , vol.137 , pp. 921-927
    • Pope H.G., Jr.1    Lipinski, J.F.2    Cohen, B.M.3    Axelrod, D.T.4
  • 160
    • 0020213706 scopus 로고
    • The use of the anticonvulsant carbamazepine in primary and secondary affective illness: Clinical and theoretical implications
    • Post R.M. The use of the anticonvulsant carbamazepine in primary and secondary affective illness. Clinical and theoretical implications Psycholog Med. 12:1982;701-704.
    • (1982) Psycholog Med , vol.12 , pp. 701-704
    • Post, R.M.1
  • 161
    • 0021048716 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic efficacy of carbamazepine in manic-depressive illness
    • Post R.M., Uhde T.W., Ballenger J.C., Squillace K.M. Prophylactic efficacy of carbamazepine in manic-depressive illness. Am J Psychiat. 140:1983;1602-1604.
    • (1983) Am J Psychiat , vol.140 , pp. 1602-1604
    • Post, R.M.1    Uhde, T.W.2    Ballenger, J.C.3    Squillace, K.M.4
  • 163
    • 0025994133 scopus 로고
    • Antiepileptic drugs in affective illness. Clinical and theoretical implications
    • Post R.M., Altshuler L.L., Ketter T.A., Denicoff K., Weiss S.R. Antiepileptic drugs in affective illness. Clinical and theoretical implications. Adv Neurol. 55:1991;239-277.
    • (1991) Adv Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 239-277
    • Post, R.M.1    Altshuler, L.L.2    Ketter, T.A.3    Denicoff, K.4    Weiss, S.R.5
  • 164
    • 0026611731 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action of anticonvulsants in affective disorders: Comparisons with lithium
    • Post R.M., Weiss S.R., Chuang D.M. Mechanisms of action of anticonvulsants in affective disorders. comparisons with lithium J Clin Psychopharmacol. 12:1992;23S-35S.
    • (1992) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.12
    • Post, R.M.1    Weiss, S.R.2    Chuang, D.M.3
  • 165
    • 0026593128 scopus 로고
    • Valproate and mood disorders: Perspectives. Introduction
    • Potter W.Z., Bowden C.L. Valproate and mood disorders. Perspectives. Introduction J Clin Psychopharmacol. 12:1992;2S-6S.
    • (1992) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.12
    • Potter, W.Z.1    Bowden, C.L.2
  • 166
    • 0028146119 scopus 로고
    • Lithium in the treatment of mood disorders
    • Price L.H., Henninger G.R. Lithium in the treatment of mood disorders. N Engl J Med. 331:1994;591-598.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 591-598
    • Price, L.H.1    Henninger, G.R.2
  • 167
    • 0015293674 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of lithium carbonate and chlorpromazine in the treatment of mania
    • a
    • Prien R.F., Caffey E.M., Klett C.J. Comparison of lithium carbonate and chlorpromazine in the treatment of mania. Arch Gen Psychiat. 26:1972;146-153. a.
    • (1972) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.26 , pp. 146-153
    • Prien, R.F.1    Caffey, E.M.2    Klett, C.J.3
  • 168
    • 0015386388 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lithium carbonate and chlorpromazine in the treatment of excited schizo-affectives. Report of the Veterans Administration and National Institute of Mental Health collaborative study group
    • b
    • Prien R.F., Caffey E.M. Jr., Klett C.J. A comparison of lithium carbonate and chlorpromazine in the treatment of excited schizo-affectives. Report of the Veterans Administration and National Institute of Mental Health collaborative study group. Arch Gen Psychiat. 27:1972;182-189. b.
    • (1972) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.27 , pp. 182-189
    • Prien, R.F.1    Caffey E.M., Jr.2    Klett, C.J.3
  • 169
    • 0015593001 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic efficacy of lithium carbonate in manic-depressive illness. Report of the Veterans Administration and National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study Group
    • a
    • Prien R.F., Caffey E.M., Klett C.J. Prophylactic efficacy of lithium carbonate in manic-depressive illness. Report of the Veterans Administration and National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study Group. Arch Gen Psychiat. 28:1973;337-341. a.
    • (1973) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.28 , pp. 337-341
    • Prien, R.F.1    Caffey, E.M.2    Klett, C.J.3
  • 170
    • 0015662785 scopus 로고
    • Lithium carbonate and imipramine in prevention of affective episodes. A comparison in recurrent affective illness. Report of the Veterans Administration and National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study Group
    • b
    • Prien R.F., Klett J., Caffey E.M. Lithium carbonate and imipramine in prevention of affective episodes. A comparison in recurrent affective illness. Report of the Veterans Administration and National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Study Group. Arch Gen Psychiat. 29:1973;420-425. b.
    • (1973) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.29 , pp. 420-425
    • Prien, R.F.1    Klett, J.2    Caffey, E.M.3
  • 171
    • 0015992917 scopus 로고
    • Lithium prophylaxis in recurrent affective illness
    • Prien R.F., Klett C.J., Caffey E.M. Jr. Lithium prophylaxis in recurrent affective illness. Am J Psychiat. 131:1974;198-203.
    • (1974) Am J Psychiat , vol.131 , pp. 198-203
    • Prien, R.F.1    Klett, C.J.2    Caffey E.M., Jr.3
  • 172
    • 0021206916 scopus 로고
    • Drug therapy in the prevention of recurrences in unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. Report of the NIMH Collaborative Study Group comparing lithium carbonate, imipramine, and a lithium carbonate-imipramine combination
    • Prien R.F., Kupfer D.J., Mansky P.A., Small J.G., Tuason V.B., Voss C.B., Johnson W.E. Drug therapy in the prevention of recurrences in unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. Report of the NIMH Collaborative Study Group comparing lithium carbonate, imipramine, and a lithium carbonate-imipramine combination. Arch Gen Psychiat. 41:1984;1096-1104.
    • (1984) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.41 , pp. 1096-1104
    • Prien, R.F.1    Kupfer, D.J.2    Mansky, P.A.3    Small, J.G.4    Tuason, V.B.5    Voss, C.B.6    Johnson, W.E.7
  • 174
    • 0001917826 scopus 로고
    • Maintenance treatment of depressive and manic states
    • A. Georgotas, & R. Cancro. New York: Elsevier Science. b
    • Prien R.F. Maintenance treatment of depressive and manic states. Georgotas A., Cancro R. Depression and Mania. 1988;439-451 Elsevier Science, New York. b.
    • (1988) Depression and Mania , pp. 439-451
    • Prien, R.F.1
  • 175
    • 0024361069 scopus 로고
    • Alternatives to lithium for preventive treatment of bipolar disorder
    • Prien R.F., Gelenberg A.J. Alternatives to lithium for preventive treatment of bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiat. 146:1989;840-848.
    • (1989) Am J Psychiat , vol.146 , pp. 840-848
    • Prien, R.F.1    Gelenberg, A.J.2
  • 176
    • 0025697330 scopus 로고
    • NIMH workshop report on treatment of bipolar disorder
    • Prien R.F., Potter W.Z. NIMH workshop report on treatment of bipolar disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. 26:1990;409-427.
    • (1990) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.26 , pp. 409-427
    • Prien, R.F.1    Potter, W.Z.2
  • 177
    • 0021327053 scopus 로고
    • Valproic acid amide in the treatment of affective and schizoaffective disorders
    • Puzynski S., Klosiewicz L. Valproic acid amide in the treatment of affective and schizoaffective disorders. J Aff Dis. 6:1984;115-121.
    • (1984) J Aff Dis , vol.6 , pp. 115-121
    • Puzynski, S.1    Klosiewicz, L.2
  • 178
    • 0019449599 scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic lithium carbonate with and without imipramine for bipolar 1 patients. A double-blind study
    • a
    • Quitkin F.M., Kane J., Rifkin A., Ramos-Lorenzi J.R., Nayak D.V. Prophylactic lithium carbonate with and without imipramine for bipolar 1 patients. A double-blind study. Arch Gen Psychiat. 38:1981;902-907. a.
    • (1981) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.38 , pp. 902-907
    • Quitkin, F.M.1    Kane, J.2    Rifkin, A.3    Ramos-Lorenzi, J.R.4    Nayak, D.V.5
  • 179
    • 0019353172 scopus 로고
    • Lithium and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar II depression: A prospective, placebo-controlled comparison
    • b
    • Quitkin F.M., Kane J.M., Rifkin A., Ramos-Lorenzi J.R., Saraf K., Howard A., Klein D. Lithium and imipramine in the prophylaxis of unipolar and bipolar II depression. A prospective, placebo-controlled comparison Psychopharmacol Bull. 17:1981;142-144. b.
    • (1981) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.17 , pp. 142-144
    • Quitkin, F.M.1    Kane, J.M.2    Rifkin, A.3    Ramos-Lorenzi, J.R.4    Saraf, K.5    Howard, A.6    Klein, D.7
  • 180
    • 0015245997 scopus 로고
    • Manic response to levodopa therapy: Report of a case
    • Ryback R.S., Schwab R.S. Manic response to levodopa therapy. Report of a case N Engl J Med. 825:1971;788-789.
    • (1971) N Engl J Med , vol.825 , pp. 788-789
    • Ryback, R.S.1    Schwab, R.S.2
  • 182
    • 0021988902 scopus 로고
    • Familial differences in lithium responsive versus lithium nonresponsive psychoses
    • Sautter F., Garver D. Familial differences in lithium responsive versus lithium nonresponsive psychoses. J Psychiat Res. 19:1985;1-8.
    • (1985) J Psychiat Res , vol.19 , pp. 1-8
    • Sautter, F.1    Garver, D.2
  • 183
    • 0025167060 scopus 로고
    • A family study of lithium-responsive psychosis
    • Sautter F.J., McDermott B.E., Garver D.L. A family study of lithium-responsive psychosis. J Aff Dis. 20:1990;63-69.
    • (1990) J Aff Dis , vol.20 , pp. 63-69
    • Sautter, F.J.1    McDermott, B.E.2    Garver, D.L.3
  • 185
    • 0026553303 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic predictors of ECT response in medication-nonresponsive manic patients
    • Schnur D.B., Mukherjee S., Sackeim H.A., Lee C., Roth S.D. Symptomatic predictors of ECT response in medication-nonresponsive manic patients. J Clin Psychiat. 53:1992;63-66.
    • (1992) J Clin Psychiat , vol.53 , pp. 63-66
    • Schnur, D.B.1    Mukherjee, S.2    Sackeim, H.A.3    Lee, C.4    Roth, S.D.5
  • 186
    • 0024420894 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of endogenous depressions resistant to tricyclic antidepressants or related drugs by lithium addition. Results of a placebo-controlled double-blind study
    • Schopf J., Baumann P., Lemarchand T., Rey M. Treatment of endogenous depressions resistant to tricyclic antidepressants or related drugs by lithium addition. Results of a placebo-controlled double-blind study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 22:1989;183-187.
    • (1989) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.22 , pp. 183-187
    • Schopf, J.1    Baumann, P.2    Lemarchand, T.3    Rey, M.4
  • 187
    • 0010512476 scopus 로고
    • Normothymotics, "mood-normalizers" - Are lithium and the imipramine drugs specific for affective disorders?
    • Schou M. Normothymotics, "Mood-normalizers" - Are lithium and the imipramine drugs specific for affective disorders? Brit J Psychiat. 109:1963;803-809.
    • (1963) Brit J Psychiat , vol.109 , pp. 803-809
    • Schou, M.1
  • 188
    • 0018606540 scopus 로고
    • Lithium in the treatment of other psychiatric and nonpsychiatric disorders
    • Schou M. Lithium in the treatment of other psychiatric and nonpsychiatric disorders. Arch Gen Psychiat. 36:1979;856-859.
    • (1979) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.36 , pp. 856-859
    • Schou, M.1
  • 189
    • 0026088214 scopus 로고
    • Lithium and electroconvulsive therapy: Adversaries, competitors, allies?
    • Schou M. Lithium and electroconvulsive therapy. Adversaries, competitors, allies? Acta Psychiat Scand. 84:1991;435-438.
    • (1991) Acta Psychiat Scand , vol.84 , pp. 435-438
    • Schou, M.1
  • 190
    • 0019725392 scopus 로고
    • Lithium therapy for cocaine-induced psychosis: A clinical perspective
    • Scott M.E., Mullaly R.W. Lithium therapy for cocaine-induced psychosis. A clinical perspective Southern Med J. 74:1981;1475-1477.
    • (1981) Southern Med J , vol.74 , pp. 1475-1477
    • Scott, M.E.1    Mullaly, R.W.2
  • 192
  • 193
    • 0028169712 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapy of rapid cycling bipolar disorder: A review
    • Sharma V., Persad E. Pharmacotherapy of rapid cycling bipolar disorder. A review Lithium. 5:1994;117-125.
    • (1994) Lithium , vol.5 , pp. 117-125
    • Sharma, V.1    Persad, E.2
  • 194
    • 0017106689 scopus 로고
    • The effect of lithium on impulsive aggressive behavior in man
    • Sheard M.H., Marini J.L., Bridges C.I., Wagner E. The effect of lithium on impulsive aggressive behavior in man. Am J Psychiat. 133:1976;1409-1413.
    • (1976) Am J Psychiat , vol.133 , pp. 1409-1413
    • Sheard, M.H.1    Marini, J.L.2    Bridges, C.I.3    Wagner, E.4
  • 195
    • 0015135942 scopus 로고
    • A controlled study of lithium versus chlorpromazine in acute schizophrenics
    • Shopsin B., Kim S.S., Gershon S. A controlled study of lithium versus chlorpromazine in acute schizophrenics. Brit J Psychiat. 119:1971;435-440.
    • (1971) Brit J Psychiat , vol.119 , pp. 435-440
    • Shopsin, B.1    Kim, S.S.2    Gershon, S.3
  • 196
    • 0016440232 scopus 로고
    • Psychoactive drugs in mania. A controlled comparison of lithium carbonate, chlorpromazine, and haloperidol
    • Shopsin B., Gershon S., Thompson H., Collins P. Psychoactive drugs in mania. A controlled comparison of lithium carbonate, chlorpromazine, and haloperidol. Arch Gen Psychiat. 32:1975;34-42.
    • (1975) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.32 , pp. 34-42
    • Shopsin, B.1    Gershon, S.2    Thompson, H.3    Collins, P.4
  • 197
    • 0020374193 scopus 로고
    • Lithium treatment of impulsive behavior in children
    • Siassi I. Lithium treatment of impulsive behavior in children. J Clin Psychiat. 43:1982;482-484.
    • (1982) J Clin Psychiat , vol.43 , pp. 482-484
    • Siassi, I.1
  • 198
    • 0015981487 scopus 로고
    • A controlled evaluation of lithium in the premenstrual tension syndrome
    • Singer H., Cheng R., Schou M. A controlled evaluation of lithium in the premenstrual tension syndrome. Brit J Psychiat. 124:1974;5-15.
    • (1974) Brit J Psychiat , vol.124 , pp. 5-15
    • Singer, H.1    Cheng, R.2    Schou, M.3
  • 199
    • 0010511561 scopus 로고
    • The premenstrual syndrome: A discussion of its pathophysiology and treatment with lithium ion
    • Sletten I.W., Gershon S. The premenstrual syndrome. A discussion of its pathophysiology and treatment with lithium ion Comp Psychiat. 7:1966;197-206.
    • (1966) Comp Psychiat , vol.7 , pp. 197-206
    • Sletten, I.W.1    Gershon, S.2
  • 204
  • 205
    • 0014749918 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind comparison of lithium and chlorpromazine in the treatment of manic states
    • Spring G., Schweid D., Gray C., Steinberg J., Horwitz M. A double-blind comparison of lithium and chlorpromazine in the treatment of manic states. Am J Psychiat. 126:1970;1306-1310.
    • (1970) Am J Psychiat , vol.126 , pp. 1306-1310
    • Spring, G.1    Schweid, D.2    Gray, C.3    Steinberg, J.4    Horwitz, M.5
  • 206
    • 0015803485 scopus 로고
    • The use of lithium in affective disorders. 3. A double-blind study of prophylaxis in bipolar illness
    • Stallone F., Shelley E., Mendlewicz J., Fieve R.R. The use of lithium in affective disorders. 3. A double-blind study of prophylaxis in bipolar illness. Am J Psychiat. 130:1973;1006-1010.
    • (1973) Am J Psychiat , vol.130 , pp. 1006-1010
    • Stallone, F.1    Shelley, E.2    Mendlewicz, J.3    Fieve, R.R.4
  • 207
    • 0027324914 scopus 로고
    • Lithium augmentation therapy in tricyclic-resistant depression. A controlled trial using lithium in low and normal doses
    • Stein G., Bernadt M. Lithium augmentation therapy in tricyclic-resistant depression. A controlled trial using lithium in low and normal doses. Brit J Psychiat. 162:1993;634-640.
    • (1993) Brit J Psychiat , vol.162 , pp. 634-640
    • Stein, G.1    Bernadt, M.2
  • 208
    • 0027942728 scopus 로고
    • Neurologic factors predict a favorable valproate response in bipolar schizoaffective disorder
    • Stoll A.L., Banov M., Kolbrener M., Mayer P.V., Tohen M., Strakowski S.M., Castillo J., Suppes T., Cohen B.M. Neurologic factors predict a favorable valproate response in bipolar schizoaffective disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 14:1994;311-313.
    • (1994) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 311-313
    • Stoll, A.L.1    Banov, M.2    Kolbrener, M.3    Mayer, P.V.4    Tohen, M.5    Strakowski6
  • 209
    • 0026339062 scopus 로고
    • Risk of recurrence following discontinuation of lithium treatment in bipolar disorder
    • Suppes T., Baldessarini R.J., Faedda G.L., Tohen M. Risk of recurrence following discontinuation of lithium treatment in bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiat. 48:1991;1082-1088.
    • (1991) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.48 , pp. 1082-1088
    • Suppes, T.1    Baldessarini, R.J.2    Faedda, G.L.3    Tohen, M.4
  • 210
    • 0022486615 scopus 로고
    • Lithium treatment of mania: Clinical characteristics, specificity of symptom change, and outcome
    • Swann A.C., Secunda S.K., Katz M.M., Koslow S.H., Maas J.W., Chang S., Robins E. Lithium treatment of mania. Clinical characteristics, specificity of symptom change, and outcome Psychiat Res. 18:1986;127-141.
    • (1986) Psychiat Res , vol.18 , pp. 127-141
    • Swann, A.C.1    Secunda, S.K.2    Katz, M.M.3    Koslow, S.H.4    Maas, J.W.5    Chang, S.6    Robins, E.7
  • 211
    • 0016699601 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of efficacy of lithium carbonate and chlorpromazine in mania. Report of collaborative study group on treatment of mania in Japan
    • Takahashi R., Sakuma A., Itoh H., Kurihara M. Comparison of efficacy of lithium carbonate and chlorpromazine in mania. Report of collaborative study group on treatment of mania in Japan. Arch Gen Psychiat. 32:1975;1310-1318.
    • (1975) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.32 , pp. 1310-1318
    • Takahashi, R.1    Sakuma, A.2    Itoh, H.3    Kurihara, M.4
  • 212
    • 0019974675 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of mania. A retrospective evaluation of the effects of ECT, chlorpromazine, and lithium
    • Thomas J., Reddy B. The treatment of mania. A retrospective evaluation of the effects of ECT, chlorpromazine, and lithium. J Aff Dis. 4:1982;85-92.
    • (1982) J Aff Dis , vol.4 , pp. 85-92
    • Thomas, J.1    Reddy, B.2
  • 213
    • 0025281312 scopus 로고
    • Four-year follow-up of twenty-four first-episode manic patients
    • a
    • Tohen M., Waternaux C.M., Tsuang M.T., Hunt A.T. Four-year follow-up of twenty-four first-episode manic patients. J Aff Dis. 19:1990;79-86. a.
    • (1990) J Aff Dis , vol.19 , pp. 79-86
    • Tohen, M.1    Waternaux, C.M.2    Tsuang, M.T.3    Hunt, A.T.4
  • 214
    • 0025667239 scopus 로고
    • A 4-year prospective follow-up of 75 patients utilizing survival analysis
    • b
    • Tohen M., Waternaux C.M., Tsuang M.T. A 4-year prospective follow-up of 75 patients utilizing survival analysis. Arch Gen Psychiat. 47:1990;1106-1111. b.
    • (1990) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.47 , pp. 1106-1111
    • Tohen, M.1    Waternaux, C.M.2    Tsuang, M.T.3
  • 215
    • 0015339307 scopus 로고
    • Lithium use in nonmanic depressive conditions
    • Tupin J. Lithium use in nonmanic depressive conditions. Comp Psychiat. 13:1972;209-214.
    • (1972) Comp Psychiat , vol.13 , pp. 209-214
    • Tupin, J.1
  • 219
    • 0029089840 scopus 로고
    • Myo-inositol monophosphatase: Diverse effects of lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate
    • Vadnal R., Parthasarathy R. Myo-inositol monophosphatase. Diverse effects of lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate Neuropsychopharmacology. 12:1995;277-285.
    • (1995) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.12 , pp. 277-285
    • Vadnal, R.1    Parthasarathy, R.2
  • 221
    • 0016779714 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind comparison of lithium carbonate and imipramine in treatment of depression
    • Watanabe S., Ishino H., Otsuki S. Double-blind comparison of lithium carbonate and imipramine in treatment of depression. Arch Gen Psychiat. 32:1975;659-668.
    • (1975) Arch Gen Psychiat , vol.32 , pp. 659-668
    • Watanabe, S.1    Ishino, H.2    Otsuki, S.3
  • 223
    • 0023499777 scopus 로고
    • Can antidepressants cause mania and worsen the course of affective illness?
    • Wehr T.A., Goodwin F.K. Can antidepressants cause mania and worsen the course of affective illness? Am J Psychiat. 144:1987;1403-1411.
    • (1987) Am J Psychiat , vol.144 , pp. 1403-1411
    • Wehr, T.A.1    Goodwin, F.K.2
  • 224
    • 0023864210 scopus 로고
    • Kleine-Levin syndrome: Report of two cases with onset of symptoms precipitated by head trauma
    • Will R.G., Young J.P., Thomas D.J. Kleine-Levin syndrome. Report of two cases with onset of symptoms precipitated by head trauma Brit J Psychiat. 152:1988;410-412.
    • (1988) Brit J Psychiat , vol.152 , pp. 410-412
    • Will, R.G.1    Young, J.P.2    Thomas, D.J.3
  • 225
    • 0029550635 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy and lithium therapy on depression in the elderly
    • Wilson K.C.M., Scott M., Abou-Saleh M., Burns R., Copeland J.R.M. Long-term effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy and lithium therapy on depression in the elderly. Brit J Psychiat. 167:1995;653-658.
    • (1995) Brit J Psychiat , vol.167 , pp. 653-658
    • Wilson, K.C.M.1    Scott, M.2    Abou-Saleh, M.3    Burns, R.4    Copeland, J.R.M.5
  • 228
    • 0017610450 scopus 로고
    • Lithium treatment of patients with affective illness associated with organic brain symptoms
    • Young L.D., Taylor I., Holmstrom V. Lithium treatment of patients with affective illness associated with organic brain symptoms. Am J Psychiat. 134:1977;1405-1407.
    • (1977) Am J Psychiat , vol.134 , pp. 1405-1407
    • Young, L.D.1    Taylor, I.2    Holmstrom, V.3
  • 229
    • 0021363587 scopus 로고
    • Impact of lithium therapy on core psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia
    • a
    • Zemlan F.P., Hirschowitz J., Sautter F.J., Garver D.L. Impact of lithium therapy on core psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Brit J Psychiat. 144:1984;64-69. a.
    • (1984) Brit J Psychiat , vol.144 , pp. 64-69
    • Zemlan, F.P.1    Hirschowitz, J.2    Sautter, F.J.3    Garver, D.L.4
  • 230
    • 0021356642 scopus 로고
    • Mood-incongruent versus mood-congruent psychosis: Differential antipsychotic response to lithium therapy
    • b
    • Zemlan F.P., Hirschowitz J., Garver D.L. Mood-incongruent versus mood-congruent psychosis. Differential antipsychotic response to lithium therapy Psychiat Res. 11:1984;317-328. b.
    • (1984) Psychiat Res , vol.11 , pp. 317-328
    • Zemlan, F.P.1    Hirschowitz, J.2    Garver, D.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.