Biotechnological production and applications of the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 146-153

  Sijtsma, L ^a   De Swaaf, M E ^b  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b Centocor   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARACHIDONIC ACID; CARBON; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; FISH OIL; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LINOLEIC ACID; METHYL GROUP; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; OMEGA 6 FATTY ACID;

BIOTECHNOLOGY;

ALGA; ARTIFICIAL MILK; ATOM; BIOTECHNOLOGY; CARBON SOURCE; CHEMICAL BOND; DRUG EFFECT; FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS; FISH; FUNGUS; HEALTH; HUMAN; LIGHT; LIPID COMPOSITION; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; MICROORGANISM; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NONHUMAN; SHORT SURVEY;

ALGAE; ANIMALS; BIOREACTORS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; DINOFLAGELLIDA; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; FUNGI;

EID: 2142817149     PISSN: 01757598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1525-y     Document Type: Short Survey

References (73)

1. Ackman RG, Jangaard PM, Hoyle RJ, Brockerhoff H (1964) Origin of marine fatty acids. Analysis of the fatty acids produced by the diatom Skeletonema costatum. J Fish Res Board Can 21:747-756
2. Bajpai P, Bapai PK, Ward OP (1991) Production of docosahexaenoic acid by Traustochytrium aureum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 35:706-710
3. Barclay WR (1991) Process for the heterotrophic production of products with high concentrations of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids. World patent WO91/07498
4. Barclay WR, Meager KM, Abril JR (1994) Heterotrophic production of long chain omega-3 fatty acids utilizing algae and algae-like microorganisms. J Appl Phycol 6:123-129
5. Beach DH, Holz GG (1973) Environmental influences on the docosahexaenoate content of the triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholine of a heterotrophic, marine dinoflagellate, Crythecodinium cohnii. Biochim Biophys Acta 316:56
6. Bowles RD, Hunt AE, Bremer GB, Duchars MG, Eaton RA (1999) Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid production by members of the marine protistan group of the traustochytrids: screening of isolates and optimisation of docosahexaenoic acid production. J Biotechnol 70:193-202
7. British Nutrition Foundation (1992) Unsaturated fatty acids, nutritional and physiological significance. The report of the British Nutrition Foundation's task force. Chapman and Hall, London
8. Chen F (1996) High cell density culture of microalgae in heterotrophic growth. Trends Biotechnol 14:421-426
9. Cohen Z, Norman HA, Heimer YM (1995) Microalgae as a source of omega-3 fatty acids. World Rev Nutr Diet 77:1-31
10. Crawford P (1987) The requirements of long-chain n-6 and n-3 fatty acids for the brain. In: Lands WEM (ed) Short course in polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids. (Proceedings of the AOCS Conference) Proc Am Oil Chem Soc 1987:270-295
11. Crawford MA, Costeloe K, Ghebremeskel K, Phlactos A, Skirvin L, Stacey F (1997) Are deficits of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids responsible for the neural and vascular complications of pre-term babies? Am J Clin Nutr 66:1032S-1041S
12. Das UN, Fams MD (2003) Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the growth and development of the brain and memory. Nutrition 19:62-65
13. Davies RJ (1992) Scale-up of yeast oil technology. In: KyLe DJ, Ratledge C (eds) Industrial applications of single cell oils. American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, Ill., p. 196-218
14. Fan KW, Chen F, Jones EBG, Vrijmoed LLP (2001) Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids production by okara utilizing potential of traustochytrids. J Ind Microbiol Chem 27:199-2002
15. FAO/WHO Expert Committee (1994) Food and nutrition paper 57. FAO, Rome
16. Gawrisch K, Eldho N (2002) Docosahexaenoic vs docosapentaenoic acid: the difference that the loss of a single double bond makes. Fifth Congress of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids, Montreal
17. Gerbling H, Axiotis S, Douce R (1994) A new acyl-CoA synthetase, located in higher plant cytosol. J Plant Physiol 143:561-564
18. Gill I, Valivety R (1997) Polyunsaturated fatty acids, part 1: occurrence, biological activities and applications. Trends Biotechnol 15:401-409
19. Giusto NM, Pasquare SJ, Salvador PI, Roque MG (2000) Lipid metabolism in vertebrate retinal rod outer segments. Prog Lipid Res 39:315-391
20. Gunstone FD (1996) Fatty acid and lipid chemistry. Blackie Academic, London
21. Gunstone FD (2001) Basic oleochemicals, oleochemical products and new industrial oils. In: Gunstone FD, Hamilton RJ (eds) Oleochemical manufacture and application. Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, pp 1-22
22. Gunstone FD, Harwood JL, Padley FB (1994) The lipid handbook. Chapman and Hall, London
23. Harrington GW, Holz GG (1968) The monoenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids of a heterotrophic dinoflagellate. Biochim Biophys Acta 164:137-139
24. Horrocks LA, Yeo YK (1999) Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Pharmacol Res 40:211-225
25. Horrocks LA, Young KY (1999) Docosahexaenoic acid-enriched foods: production and effects on blood lipids. Lipids 34:8313
26. Huang J, Hachida K, Yokochi T, Kawamoto S, Shigeta S, Ono K, Osamu S (2001) Profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by Thraustochytrium sp. KK17-3. J Am Oil Chem Soc 78:605-610
27. Huisman M, Beusekom CM van, Lanting CI, Nijeboer HJ, Muskiet FAJ, Boersma ER (1996) Triglycerides, fatty acids, sterols, mono- and disaccharides and sugar alcohols in human milk and current types of infant formula milk. Eur J Clin Nutr 50:255-260
28. Kang JX, Leaf A (1996) The cardiac antiarrhythmic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid. Lipids 31:S41-S44
29. Kendrick A, Ratledge C (1992) Lipids of selected molds grown for production of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipids 27:15-20
30. Kispal G, Cseko J, Alkonyi I, Sandor A (1991) Isolation and characterisation of carnitine acetyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim Biophys Acta 1085:217-222
31. Klein HP, Jahnke L (1971) Variations in the localisation of acetylcoenzyme A synthetase in aerobic yeast cells. J Bacteriol 106:596-602
32. Knudsen CT, Immerdal L, Grunnet N, Quistorff B (1992) Peritonal zonation of the cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthetase of male rat liver. Eur J Biochem 204:359-362
33. Kromann N, Green A (1980) Epidemiological studies in the Upernavik district, Greenland. Incidence of some chronic diseases 1950-1974. Acta Med Scand 208:401-406
34. Kyle DJ (1994) Microbial oil mixtures and uses thereof, Martek Corp. US patent 5,374,657
35. Kyle DJ (1996) Production and use of a single cell oil which is highly enriched in docosahexaenoic acid. Lipid Technol 8:107-110
36. Kyle DJ (1997) Production and use of a single cell oil highly enriched in arachidonic acid. Lipid Technol 9:116-121
37. Kyle DJ, Reeb SE, Sicotte VJ (1995) Infant formula and baby food containing docosahexaenoic acid obtained from dinoflagellates, Martek Biosciences Corp. US patent 5,397,591
38. Kyle DJ, Reeb SE, Sicotte VJ (1998) Docosahexaenoic acid, methods for its production and compounds containing the same, Martek Corp. European patent 0515460B1
39. Meireles LA, Guedes AC, Malcata FX (2002) Increase of the yields of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids by the microalgae Pavlova lutheri folllowing random mutagenesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 81:50-55
40. Metz JG, Roessler P, Facciotti D, Levering C, Dittrich F, Lassner M, Valentine R, Lardizabal K, Domergue F, Yamada A, Yazawa K, Knauf V, Browse J (2001) Production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by polyketide synthetases in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Science 293:290-293
41. Molina Grima E, Sánchez Pérez JA, Garciá Camacho F, Garciá Sánchez JL, López Alonso D (1993) n-3 PUFA productivity in chemostat cultures of microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 38:599-605
42. Mukherjee KD (1999) Production and use of microbial oils. INFORM 10:308-313
43. Nakahara T, Yokocki T, Kamisaka Y, Suzuki S (1992) γ-Linolenic acid from genus Mortierella. In: Kyle DJ, Ratledge C (eds) Industrial applications of single cell oils. American Oil Chemists' Society, Champaign, Ill., pp 61-97
44. Nakahara T, Yokochi T, Higashihara T, Tanaka S, Yagishi Y, Honda D (1996) Production of docosahexaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid by Schizochytrium sp. isolated from Yap islands. J Am Oil Chem Soc 73:1421-1426
45. Nettleton JA (1993) Are n-3 fatty acids essential nutrients for fetal and infant development? J Am Diet Assoc 93:58-64
46. Newton IS (1998) Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids - the new frontier in nutrition. Lipid Technol 10:77-81
47. Nordøy A, Marchioli R, Arnesen H, Videbaek J (2001) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular diseases. Lipids 36:S127-S129
48. Preez JC du, Immelman M, Kock JFL, Kilian SG (1995) Production of γ-linolenic acid by Mucor circinelloides and Mucor rouxii with acetic acid as carbon substrate. Biotechnol Lett 17:933-938
49. Pulz O (2001) Photobioreactors: production systems for phototrophic microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 57:287-293
50. Ratledge C (2001) Microorganisms as sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In: Gunstone FD (ed) Structured and modified lipids. Dekker, New York, pp 351-399
51. Ratledge C, Evans CT (1989) Lipids and their metabolism. In: Rose AH, Harrison JS (eds) The yeasts, vol 3, 2nd edn. Academic Press, London, pp 367-455
52. Ratledge C, Kanagachandran K, Anderson AJ, Grantham DJ, Stephenson JM (2001a) Production of docosahexaenoic acid by Crypthecodinium cohnii grown in a pH-auxostat culture with acetic acid as principal carbon source. Lipids 36:1241-1246
53. Ratledge C, Anderson AJ, Kanagachandran K, Grantham DJ, Stepherson JC, Swaaf ME de, Sijtsma L (2001b). Culture of Crypthecodinium cohnii for the synthesis of a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Patent WO 01/04338
54. 20-poryunsaturated fatty acids for biotechnological use. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 35:421-430
55. Rodríguez C, Pérez JA, Badía P, Izquierdo MS, Fernández-Palacios H, Hernández L (1998) The n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids requirements of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) larvae when using an appropriate DHA/EPA ratio in the diet. Aquaculture 169:9-23
56. Schmidt EB, Christensen JH, Aardestrup I, Madsen T, Riahi S, Hansen VE, Skou HA (2001) Marine n-3 fatty acids: basic features and background. Lipids 36:S65-S68
57. Servel MO, Claire C, Derrien A, Coifferd L, Roeck-Holtzhauer Y de (1994) Fatty acid composition of some marine microalgae. Phytochemistry 36:691-693
58. Sijtsma L, Springer J, Meesters PAEP, Swaaf ME de, Eggink G (1998) Recent advances in fatty acid synthesis in oleaginous yeasts and microalgae. Recent Res Dev Microbiol 2:219-232
59. Singh A, Ward OP (1996) Production of high yields of docosahexaenoic acid by Traustochytrium roseum ATCC 20810. J Ind Microbiol 16:370-373
60. Storey KB, Bailey E (1978) Intracellular distribution of enzymes associated with lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in fat body of the adult cockroach, Periplaneta. Insect Biochem 8:125-131
61. Swaaf ME de (2003) Docosahexaenoic acid production by the marine alga Crypthecodinium cohnii. PhD thesis, Technical University Delft, Delft
62. Swaaf ME de, Rijk TC de, Eggink G, Sijtsma L (1999) Optimisation of docosahexaenoic acid production in batch cultivations by Crypthecodimium cohnii. J Biotechnol 70:185-192
63. Swaaf ME de, Grobben GJ, Eggink G, Rijk TC de, Meer P van der, Sijtsma L (2001) Characterisation of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Crypthecodinium cohnii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 57:395-400
64. Swaaf ME de, Sijtsma L, Pronk JT (2003a) High-cell-density fedbatch cultivation of the docosahexaenoic-acid producing marine alga Crypthecodinium cohnii. Biotechnol Bioeng 81:666-672
65. Swaaf ME de, Pronk JT, Sijtsma L (2003b) Fed-batch cultivation of the docosahexaenoic acid producing marine alga Crypthecodinium cohnii on ethanol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 61:40-43
66. 13C labelling and desaturase inhibitor experiments. J Biotechnol 103:21-29
67. Tuominen TR, Esmark M (2003) Food for thought: the use of marine resources in fish feed. (WWF Report 02/03) WWF, Oslo
68. Vazhappilly R, Chen F (1998) Heterotrophic production of potential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by microalgae and algae-like microorganisms. Bot Mar 41:553-558
69. Viso AC, Marty JC (1993) Fatty acids from 28 marine microalgae. Phytochemistry 34:1521-1533
70. Yaguchi T, Tanaka S, Yokochi T, Nakahara T, Yaguchi T (1997) Production of high yields of docodahexaenoic acids by Schizochytrium sp. strain SR21. J Am Oil Chem Soc 74:1431-1434
71. Yamamura R, Shimomura Y (1997) Industrial high-performance liquid chromatography purification of docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester and docosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester from single-cell oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 74:1435-1440
72. Yokochi T, Honda D, Higashihara T, Nakahara T (1998) Optimisation of docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium limacinum SR21. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 49:72-76
73. Zeller S, Barclay W, Elswyk M van, Abril R, Sander W (2002) The impact of dietary docodahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid from Schizochytrium sp. on rat and swine tissue. Fifth Congress of the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids, Montreal