Is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease an endocrinological disorder? The estrogen-androgen paradox

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 90, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 2708-2711

  Phillips, Gerald B ^a,b  

^a St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center ^*  (United States)

^b ST LUKE S ROOSEVELT HOSPITAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; ESTROGEN;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; ENDOCRINE DISEASE; ESTROGEN BLOOD LEVEL; FEMALE; HEART INFARCTION; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PREMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; TESTOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL;

ANDROGENS; AROMATASE; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION;

EID: 18844434894     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-2011     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Smith EP, Boyd J, Frank GR, Takahashi H, Cohen RM, Specker B, Williams TC, Lubahn DB, Korach KS 1994 Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen-receptor gene in a man. N Engl J Med 331:1056-1061
2. Morishima A, Grumbach MM, Simpson ER, Fisher C, Qin K 1995 Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:3689-3698
3. Carani C, Qin K, Simoni M, Faustini-Fustini M, Serpente S, Boyd J, Korach KS, Simpson ER 1997 Effect of testosterone and estradiol in a man with aromatase dificiency. N Engl J Med 337:91-95
4. Herrmann BL, Saller B, Janssen OE, Gocke P, Bockisch A, Sperling H, Mann K, Broecker M 2002 Impact of estrogen replacement therapy in a male with congenital aromatase deficiency caused by a novel mutation in the CYP19 gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:5476-5484
5. Maffei L, Murata Y, Rochira V, Tubert G, Aranda C, Vazquez M, Clyne CD, Davis S, Simpson ER, Carani C 2004 Dysmetabolic syndrome in a man with a novel mutation of the aromatase gene: effects of testosterone, alendronate, and estradiol treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:61-70
6. Phillips GB 2004 The GILHT-E syndrome? Diabetes Care 27:2285-2286
7. Phillips GB 1977 Relationship between serum sex hormones and glucose, insulin, and lipid abnormalities in men with myocardial infarction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:1729-1733
8. Phillips GB 1978 Sex hormones, risk factors, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 65:7-11
9. Friedl KE, Jones RE, Hannan Jr CJ, Plymate SR 1989 The administration of pharmacological doses of testosterone or 19-nortestosterone to normal men is not associated with increased insulin secretion or impaired glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68:971-975
10. Marin P, Holmang S, Jonsson L, Sjostrom L, Kvist H, Holm G, Lindstedt G, Bjorntorp P 1992 The effects of testosterone treatment on body composition and metabolism in middle-aged obese men. Int J Obes 16:991-997
11. Phillips GB 1993 Relationship between serum sex hormones and the glucose-insulin-lipid defect in men with obesity. Metabolism 42:116-120
12. Phillips GB, Pinkernell BH, Jing T-Y 1994 The association of hypotestosteronemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler Thromb 14:701-706
13. Polderman KH, Gooren LJG, Asscheman H, Bakker A, Heine RJ 1994 Induction of insulin resistance by androgens and estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:265-271
14. Tchernof A, Despres J, Dupont A, Belanger A, Nadeau A, Prud'homme D, Moorjani S, Lupien PJ, Labrie F 1995 Relation of steroid hormones to glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels in men. Diabetes Care 18:292-299
15. Hobbs CJ, Jones RE, Plymate SR 1996 Nandrolone, a 19-nortestosterone, enhances insulin-independent glucose uptake in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1582-1585
16. Haffner SM, Shaten J, Stern MP, Smith GD, Kuller L 1996 Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone predict the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in men. Am J Epidemiol 143:889-897
17. Tsai EC, Boyko EJ, Leonetti DL, Fujimoto WY 2000 Low serum testosterone level as a predictor of increased visceral fat in Japanese-American men. Int J Obes 24:485-491
18. Oh J-Y, Barrett-Connor E, Wedick NM, Wingard DL 2002 Rancho Bernardo Study. Endogenous sex hormones and the development of type 2 diabetes in older men and women. Diabetes Care 25:55-60
19. Hak AE, Witteman JCM, de Jong FH, Geerlings MI, Hofman A, Pols HAP 2002 Low levels of endogenous androgens increase the risk of atherosclerosis in elderly men: The Rotterdam Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:3632-3639
20. van den Beld AW, Bots ML, Janssen JAMLL, Pols HAP, Lamberts SWJ, Grobbee DE 2003 Endogenous hormones and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly men. Am J Epidemiol 157:25-31
21. Elbers JMH, Giltay EJ, Teerlink T, Scheffer PG, Asscheman H, Seidell JC, Gooren LJG 2003 Effects of sex steroids on components of the insulin resistance syndrome in transsexual subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 58:562-571
22. Phillips GB, Jing T-Y, Heymsfield SB 2003 Relationships in men of sex hormones, insulin, adiposity, and risk factors for myocardial infarction. Metabolism 52:784-790
23. De Pergola G, Pannacciulli N, Ciccone M, Tartagni M, Rizzon P, Giorgino R 2003 Free testosterone plasma levels are negatively associated with the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery in overweight and obese glucose-tolerant young adult men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 27:803-807
24. Fukui M, Kitagawa Y, Nakamura N, Kadono M, Mogami S, Hirata C, Ichio N, Katsuya W, Hasegawa G, Yoshikawa T 2003 Association between serum testosterone concentration and carotid atherosclerosis in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 26:1869-1873
25. Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K, Nyyssonen K, Tuomainen T-P, Salonen R, Rauramaa R, Salonen JT 2003 Sex hormones, inflammation and the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study. Euro J Endocrinol 149:601-608
26. Phillips GB, Pinkernell BH, Jing T-Y 2004 Are major risk factors for myocardial infarction the major predictors of degree of coronary artery disease in men? Metabolism 53:324-329
27. Laaksonen DE, Niskanen L, Punnonen K, Nyyssonen K, Tuomainen T-P, Valkonen V-P, Salonen R, Salonen JT 2004 Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin predict the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged men. Diabetes Care 27:1036-1041
28. Muller M, van den Beld AW, Bots ML, Grobbee DE, Lamberts SWJ, van der Schouw YT 2004 Endogenous sex hormones and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in elderly men. Circulation 109:2074-2079
29. Bilezikian JP, Morishima A, Bell J, Grumbach MM 1998 Increased bone mass as a result of estrogen therapy in a man with aromatase deficiency. N Engl J Med 339:599-603
30. Sudhir K, Chou TM, Chatterjee K, Smith EP, Williams TC, Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Korach KS, Rubanyi GM 1997 Premature coronary artery disease associated with a disruptive mutation in the estrogen receptor gene in a man. Circulation 96:3774-3777
31. Sudhir K, Chou TM, Messina LM, Hutchison SJ, Korach KS, Chatterjee K, Rubanyi GM 1997 Endothelial dysfunction in a man with disruptive mutation in oestrogen-receptor gene. Lancet 349:1146-1147
32. Lehtimaki T, Kunnas TA, Mattila KM, Perola M, Penttila A, Koivula T, Karhunen PJ 2002 Coronary artery wall atherosclerosis in relation to the estrogen receptor 1 gene polymorphism: an autopsy study. J Mol Med 80:176-180
33. Shearman AM, Cupples LA, Demissie S, Peter I, Schmid CH, Karas RH, Mendelsohn ME, Housman DE, Levy D 2003 Association between estrogen receptor α gene variation and cardiovascular disease. JAMA 290:2263-2270
34. Faustini-Fustini M, Rochira V, Carani C 1999 Oestrogen deficiency in men: where are we today? Eur J Endocrinol 140:111-129
35. Seidell JC, Cigolini M, Deslypere J-P, Charzewska J, Ellsinger B-M, Cruz A 1991 Body fat distribution in relation to physical activity and smoking habits in 38-year-old European men. The European fat distribution study. Am J Epidemiol 133:257-265
36. Heine PA, Taylor JA, Iwamoto GA, Lubahn DB, Cooke PS 2000 Increased adipose tissue in male and female estrogen receptor-α knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:12729-12734
37. Jones MEE, Thorburn AW, Britt KL, Hewitt KN, Wreiord NG, Proietto J, Oz OK, Leury BJ, Robertson KM, Yao S, Simpson ER 2000 Aromatase-deficient (ARKO) mice have a phenotype of increased adiposity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:12735-12740
38. Takeda K, Toda K, Saibara T, Nakagawa M, Saika K, Onishi T, Sugiura T, Shizuta Y 2003 Progessive development of insulin resistance phenotype in male mice with complete aromatase (CYP19) deficiency. J Endocrinol 176:237-246
39. Korach KS 1994 Insights from the study of animals lacking functional estrogen receptor. Science 266:1524-1527
40. Couse JF, Korach KS 1999 Estrogen receptor null mice: what have we learned and where will they lead us? Endocr Rev 20:358-417
41. Rochira V, Balestrieri A, Madeo B, Baraldi E, Faustini-Fustini M, Granata ARM, Carani C 2001 Congenital estrogen deficiency: in search of the estrogen role in human male reproduction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 178:107-115
42. Murata Y, Robertson KM, Jones ME, Simpson ER 2002 Effect of estrogen deficiency in the male: the ARKO mouse model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 193:7-12
43. The Coronary Drug Project 1970 The Coronary Drug Project. Initial findings leading to modifications of its research protocol. JAMA 214:1303-1313
44. Nielsen J, Johansen K, Yde H 1969 Frequency of diabetes mellitus in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome of different chromosome constitutions and the XYY syndrome. Plasma insulin and growth hormone level after a glucose load. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 29:1062-1073
45. Phillips GB 1993 Relationship of serum sex hormones to coronary heart disease. Steroids 58:286-290, 554-555
46. Phillips GB, Pinkernell BH, Jing T-Y 1997 Relationship between serum sex hormones and coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17:695-701
47. Simerly RB, Zee MC, Pendleton JW, Lubahn DB, Korach KS 1997 Estrogen receptor-dependent sexual differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in the preoptic region of the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:14077-14082
48. Kreitmann B, Bayard F 1979 Androgen interaction with the oestrogen receptor in human tissues. J Steroid Biochem 11:1589-1595
49. Yen S, Miyamoto H, Shima H, Chang C 1998 From estrogen to androgen receptor: a new pathway for sex hormones in prostate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:5527-5532
50. Panet-Raymond V, Gottlieb B, Beitel LK, Pinsky L, Trifiro MA 2000 Interactions between androgen and estrogen receptors and the effects on their transactivational properties. Mol Cell Endocrinol 167:139-150
51. Matsumoto T, Takeyama K, Sato T, Kato S 2003 Androgen receptor functions from reverse genetic models. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 85:95-99