Trophic dynamics in urban communities

BioScience

Volumn 55, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 399-407

  Faeth, Stanley H ^a   Warren, Paige S ^b   Shochat, Eyal ^c   Marussich, Wendy A ^d  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^d The University of Arizona   (United States)

Author keywords

Community; Food webs; Species composition; Trophic dynamics; Urban ecosystems

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPODA; AVES; PHOENIX;

EID: 18744402784     PISSN: 00063568     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0399:TDIUC]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Alberti M, Marzluff JM, Shulenberger E, Bradley G, Ryan C, Zumbrunnen C. 2003. Integrating humans into ecology: Opportunities and challenges for studying urban ecosystems. BioScience 53: 1169-1179.
2. Baker LA, Hope D, Xu Y, Edmonds J, Lauver L. 2001. Nitrogen balance for the Central Arizona-Phoenix (CAP) ecosystem. Ecosystems 4: 582-602.
3. Barker G. 2000. Ecological Recombination in Urban Areas: Implications for Nature Conservation. Peterborough (United Kingdom): English Nature.
4. Bowers MA, Breland B. 1996. Foraging of gray squirrels on an urban-rural gradient: Use of the GUD to assess anthropogenic impact. Ecological Applications 6: 1135-1142.
5. Brazel AJ, Ellis AW. 2003. The climate of the central Arizona and Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research site (CAP LTER) and links to ENSO. Pages 117-140 in Greenland D, Goodin D, Smith R, eds. Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response in Long-term Ecological Research Sites. Oxford (United Kingdom): Oxford University Press.
6. Clarke AL, Pacin T. 2002. Domestic cat "colonies" in natural areas: A growing exotic species threat. Natural Areas Journal 22: 154-159.
7. Collins JP, Kinzig A, Grimm NB, Fagan WF, Hope D, Wu J, Borer ET. 2000. A new urban ecology. American Scientist 88: 416-425.
8. Connell JH. 1983. On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: Evidence from field experiments. American Naturalist 122: 661-696.
9. Cook W, Casagrande DG, Hope D, Groffman P, Collins SL. 2004. Learning to roll with the punches: Adaptive experimentation in human-dominated systems. Frontiers in Ecology 2: 467-474.
10. Crooks KR. 2002. Relative sensitivities of mammalian carnivores to habitat fragmentation. Conservation Biology 16: 488-502.
11. Crooks KR, Soulé ME. 1999. Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented system. Nature 400: 563-566.
12. Dobson AP, Bradshaw AD, Baker AJM. 1997. Hopes for the future: Restoration ecology and conservation biology. Science 277: 515-522.
13. Fraser EDG, Kenney WA. 2000. Cultural background and landscape history as factors affecting perceptions of the urban forest. Journal of Arboriculture 26: 106-112.
14. Germaine SS, Rosenstock SS, Schweinsburg RE, Richardson WS. 1998. Relationships among breeding birds, habitat, and residential development in Greater Tucson, Arizona. Ecological Applications 8: 680-691.
15. Gober PE, Burns EK, Knowles-Yanez K, James J. 1998. Rural-to-urban land conversion in metropolitan Phoenix. Pages 40-45 in Hall JS, Cayer NJ, Welch N, eds. Arizona Policy Choices. Tempe (AZ): Morrison Institute for Public Policy, Arizona State University.
16. Green DM, Baker MG. 2003. Urbanization impacts on habitat and bird communities in a Sonoran desert ecosystem. Landscape and Urban Planning 63: 225-239.
17. Grimm NB, Grove JM, Pickett STA, Redman CL. 2000. Integrated approaches to long-term studies of urban ecological systems. BioScience 50: 571-584.
18. Grimm NB, Baker LJ, Hope D. 2003. An ecosystem approach to understanding cities: Familiar foundations and uncharted frontiers. Pages 95-114 in Berkowitz AR, Hollweg KS, Nilon CH, eds. Understanding Urban Ecosystems: A New Frontier for Science and Education. New York: Springer-Verlag.
19. Grossman WD. 1993. Integration of social and ecological factors: Dynamic area models of subtle human influences on ecosystems. Pages 229-245 in McDonnell JJ, Pickett STA, eds. Humans and Components of Ecosystems: The Ecology of Subtle Human Effects and Populated Areas. New York: Springer-Verlag.
20. Hairston NG, Smith FE, Slobodkin LB. 1960. Community structure, population control, and competition. American Naturalist 44: 421-425.
21. Hope D, Gries C, Zhu W, Fagan WF, Redman CL, Grimm NB, Nelson AL, Martin C, Kinzig A. 2003. Socioeconomics drive urban plant diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100: 8788-8792.
22. Jenerette GD, Wu J. 2001. Analysis and simulation of land-use change in central Arizona-Phoenix region, USA. Landscape Ecology 16: 611-626.
23. Kinzig AP, Grove JM. 2001. Urban-suburban ecology. Pages 733-746 in Levin SA, ed. The Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. San Diego: Academic Press.
24. Kinzig AP, Warren PS, Martin C, Hope D, Katti M. 2005. The effects of human socioeconomic status and cultural characteristics on urban patterns of biodiversity. Ecology and Society. Forthcoming.
25. Lacy RC. 1987. Loss of genetic diversity from managed populations: Interacting effects of drift, mutation, immigration, selection and population subdivision. Conservation Biology 1: 143-158.
26. Lepczyk CA, Mertig AG, Liu JG. 2004. Landowners and cat predation across rural-to-urban landscapes. Biological Conservation 115: 191-201.
27. Lindeman RL. 1942. The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology 23: 399-118.
28. Longcore T. 2003. Terrestrial arthropods as indicators of restoration success in coastal sage scrub (California, U.S.A.). Ecological Restoration 11: 397-109.
29. Luck M, Jenerette GD, Wu J, Grimm NB. 2001. The urban funnel model and spatially heterogenous ecological footprint. Ecosystems 4: 782-796.
30. Martin CA. 2001. Landscape water use in Phoenix, Arizona. Desert Plants 17: 26-31.
31. Martin CA, Stabler LB. 2002. Plant gas exchange and water status in urban desert landscapes. Journal of Arid Environments 51: 235-254.
32. Martin CA, Warren PS, Kinzig AP. 2004a. Neighborhood socioeconomic status is a useful predictor of perennial landscape vegetation in residential neighborhoods and embedded small parks of Phoenix, AZ. Landscape and Urban Planning 69: 355-368.
33. Martin CA, Peterson KA, Stabler LB. 2004b. Residential landscaping in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.: Practices and preferences relative to covenants, codes and restrictions. Journal of Arboriculture 29: 9-17.
34. Marzluff JM, Bowman R, Donnelly R, eds. 2001. Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizing World. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
35. McDonnell MJ, Pickett STA, eds. 1993. Humans as Components of Ecosystems: The Ecology of Subtle Human Effects and Populated Areas. New York: Springer-Verlag.
36. McIntyre NE, Hostetler ME. 2001. Effects of urban land use on pollinator (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) communities in a desert metropolis. Basic and Applied Ecology 2: 209-218.
37. McIntyre NE, Rango J, Fagan WF, Faeth SH. 2001. Ground arthropod community structure in a heterogeneous urban environment. Landscape and Urban Planning 52: 257-274.
38. McKinney ML. 2002. Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation. BioScience 52: 883-890.
39. Menge BA, Sutherland JP. 1987. Community regulation: Variation in disturbance, competition, and predation in relation to environmental stress and recruitment. American Naturalist 130: 730-757.
40. Mills GS, Dunning JB, Bates JM. 1989. Effects of urbanization on breeding bird community structure in southwestern desert habitats. Condor 91: 416-428.
41. Minckley RL, Roulston TH. 2005. Incidental mutualisms and pollen specialization among bees. In Waser NM, Ollerton J, eds. Specialization and Generalization in Plant-Pollinator Mutualisms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Forthcoming.
42. Miyashita T, Shinkai A, Chida T. 1998. The effects of forest fragmentation on web spider communities in urban areas. Biological Conservation 86: 357-364.
43. Oskanen L, Fretwell SD, Aruda J, Niemela P. 1981. Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of productivity. American Naturalist 118: 240-261.
44. Patten MA, Bolger DT. 2003. Variation in top-down control of avian reproductive success across a fragmentation gradient. Oikos 101: 479-488.
45. Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, Nilon CH, Pouyat RV, Zipperer WC, Costanza R. 2001. Urban ecological systems: Linking terrestrial ecological, physical, and socioeconomic components of metropolitan areas. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32: 127-157.
46. Power ME. 1992. Top-down or bottom-up forces in food webs: Do plants have primacy? Ecology 73: 733-746.
47. Rebele F. 1994. Urban ecology and special features of urban ecosystems. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 4: 173-187.
48. Rosenheim JA. 1998. Higher-order predators and the regulation of insect herbivore populations. Annual Review of Entomlogy 43: 421-447.
49. Schmitz OJ. 2003. Top predator control of plant biodiversity and productivity in an old-field ecosystem. Ecology Letters 6: 156-163.
50. Schoener TW. 1983. Field experiments on interspecific competition. American Naturalist 122: 240-285.
51. Shochat E. 2004. Credit or debit? Resource input changes population dynamics of city slicker birds. Oikos 106: 622-626.
52. Shochat E, Stefanov WL, Whitehouse MEA, Faeth SH. 2004a. Spider diversity in the greater Phoenix area: The influence of human modification of habitat structure and productivity. Ecological Applications 14: 268-280.
53. Shochat E, Lerman S, Katti M, Lewis D. 2004b. Linking optimal foraging behavior to bird community structure in an urban-desert landscape: Field experiments with artificial food patches. American Naturalist 164: 232-243.
54. Sih A, Crowley P, McPeek M, Petranka J, Strohmeier K. 1985. Predation, competition and prey communities: A review of field experiments. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16: 269-311.
55. Soulé ME. 1991. Land use planning for the maintenance of wildlife in a fragmenting urban landscape. Journal of the American Planning Association 199: 312-322.
56. Stabler LB, Martin CA. 2004. Irrigation and pruning affect growth and water use efficiency of two desert-adapted shrubs. Acta Horticulture 638: 255-258.
57. Sullivan BK, Flowers M. 1998. Large iguanid lizards of urban mountain preserves in northern Phoenix, Arizona. Herpetological Natural History 6: 13-22.
58. Toft S. 1999. Prey choice and spider fitness. Journal of Arachnology 27: 301-307.
59. [UN] United Nations. 1996. Urban and Rural Areas, 1950-2030. New York: UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
60. Vitousek PM, Mooney HA, Lubchenco J, Melillo JM. 1997. Human domination of Earth's ecosystems. Science 277: 494-499.
61. Wackernagel M, Rees W. 1996. Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. Gabriola Island (Canada): New Society Publishers.
62. Wandeler P, Funk SM, Largiader CR, Gloor S, Breitenmoser U. 2003. The city-fox phenomenon: Genetic consequences of a recent colonization of urban habitat. Molecular Ecology 12: 647-656.
63. Weatherhead PJ, Blouin-Demers G. 2004. Understanding avian nest predation: Why ornithologists should study snakes. Journal of Avian Biology 35: 185-190.
64. Whitney G, Adams S. 1980. Man as a maker of new plant communities. Journal of Applied Ecology 17: 431-448.