메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 1135-1142

Foraging of gray squirrels on an urban-rural gradient: Use of the gud to assess anthropogenic impact

Author keywords

Food limitation; Giving up density; Gray squirrel foraging; Human impact; Predation on squirrels; Sciurus carolinensis; Urban rural gradients

Indexed keywords

CANIS FAMILIARIS; CAROLINENSIS; FELIS CATUS; HELIANTHUS; SCIURIDAE; SCIURUS CAROLINENSIS;

EID: 0030409516     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2269597     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (117)

References (36)
  • 1
    • 0025624580 scopus 로고
    • Exploitation of seed aggregates by Merriam's kangaroo rat: Harvesting rates and predatory risk
    • Bowers, M. A. 1990. Exploitation of seed aggregates by Merriam's kangaroo rat: harvesting rates and predatory risk. Ecology 71:2334-2344.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 2334-2344
    • Bowers, M.A.1
  • 2
    • 0027140516 scopus 로고
    • Information and patch exploitation strategies in the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus
    • Bowers, M. A., and R. H. Adams-Manson. 1994. Information and patch exploitation strategies in the eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus. Ethology 95:299-308.
    • (1994) Ethology , vol.95 , pp. 299-308
    • Bowers, M.A.1    Adams-Manson, R.H.2
  • 3
    • 0027382676 scopus 로고
    • Variation in giving-up densities of foraging chipmunks (Tamias striatus) and squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)
    • Bowers, M. A., J. L. Jefferson, and M. G. Kuebler. 1993. Variation in giving-up densities of foraging chipmunks (Tamias striatus) and squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). Oikos 66:229-236.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.66 , pp. 229-236
    • Bowers, M.A.1    Jefferson, J.L.2    Kuebler, M.G.3
  • 4
    • 0024199122 scopus 로고
    • Patch use as an indicator of habitat preference, predation risk, and competition
    • Brown, J. S. 1988. Patch use as an indicator of habitat preference, predation risk, and competition. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 22:37-47.
    • (1988) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.22 , pp. 37-47
    • Brown, J.S.1
  • 5
    • 0024484090 scopus 로고
    • Desert rodent community structure: A test of four mechanisms of coexistence
    • _. 1989. Desert rodent community structure: a test of four mechanisms of coexistence. Ecological Monographs 59:1-20.
    • (1989) Ecological Monographs , vol.59 , pp. 1-20
  • 6
    • 0016948894 scopus 로고
    • Optimal foraging: The marginal value theorem
    • Charnov, E. L. 1976. Optimal foraging: the marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology 9:129-136.
    • (1976) Theoretical Population Biology , vol.9 , pp. 129-136
    • Charnov, E.L.1
  • 7
    • 84873904278 scopus 로고
    • Observations on how close certain passerine species will tolerate an approaching human in rural and suburban areas
    • Cooke, A. S. 1980. Observations on how close certain passerine species will tolerate an approaching human in rural and suburban areas. Biological Conservation 18:85-88.
    • (1980) Biological Conservation , vol.18 , pp. 85-88
    • Cooke, A.S.1
  • 8
    • 0345659365 scopus 로고
    • Melanistic squirrels in Cameron County, PA
    • Creed, W. A., and W. M. Sharp. 1958. Melanistic squirrels in Cameron County, PA. Journal of Mammalogy 39:532-537.
    • (1958) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.39 , pp. 532-537
    • Creed, W.A.1    Sharp, W.M.2
  • 9
    • 0343758738 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of methods for estimating squirrel populations
    • Flyger, V. 1959. A comparison of methods for estimating squirrel populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 23:220-223.
    • (1959) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.23 , pp. 220-223
    • Flyger, V.1
  • 10
    • 0040994116 scopus 로고
    • Urban gray squirrels - Problems, management and comparisons with forest populations
    • _. 1970. Urban gray squirrels - problems, management and comparisons with forest populations. Transactions of the Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference 27-107-113.
    • (1970) Transactions of the Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference , vol.27 , pp. 107-113
  • 11
    • 0024931333 scopus 로고
    • Consequences of a temporally and spatially variable food supply for an unexploited gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) population
    • Gorman, O. T., and R. R. Roth. 1989. Consequences of a temporally and spatially variable food supply for an unexploited gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) population. American Midland Naturalist 121:41-60.
    • (1989) American Midland Naturalist , vol.121 , pp. 41-60
    • Gorman, O.T.1    Roth, R.R.2
  • 12
    • 0020430101 scopus 로고
    • Sparrows and a brushpile: Foraging responses to different combinations of predation risk and energy cost
    • Grubb, T. C., Jr., and L. Greenwald. 1982. Sparrows and a brushpile: foraging responses to different combinations of predation risk and energy cost. Animal Behavior 30:637-640.
    • (1982) Animal Behavior , vol.30 , pp. 637-640
    • Grubb Jr., T.C.1    Greenwald, L.2
  • 13
    • 0025659630 scopus 로고
    • Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment
    • Gustafson, E. J., and L. W. VanDruff. 1990. Behavior of black and gray morphs of Sciurus carolinensis in an urban environment. American Midland Naturalist 123:186-192.
    • (1990) American Midland Naturalist , vol.123 , pp. 186-192
    • Gustafson, E.J.1    Vandruff, L.W.2
  • 14
    • 0002413851 scopus 로고
    • Winter feeding in fox and gray squirrel populations
    • Havera, S. P., and C. M. Nixon. 1980. Winter feeding in fox and gray squirrel populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 44:41-55.
    • (1980) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.44 , pp. 41-55
    • Havera, S.P.1    Nixon, C.M.2
  • 15
    • 0019737330 scopus 로고
    • Optimal foraging in bumblebees: Why is nectar left behind in flowers?
    • Hodges, C. M., and L. L. Wolfe. 1981. Optimal foraging in bumblebees: why is nectar left behind in flowers? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 9:41-44.
    • (1981) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.9 , pp. 41-44
    • Hodges, C.M.1    Wolfe, L.L.2
  • 16
    • 0027045576 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral resource depression, decaying perceived risk of predation in two species of coexisting gerbils
    • Kotler, B. P. 1992. Behavioral resource depression, decaying perceived risk of predation in two species of coexisting gerbils. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 30:239-244.
    • (1992) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.30 , pp. 239-244
    • Kotler, B.P.1
  • 17
    • 0027708120 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors affecting patch use in two species of gerbilline rodents
    • Kotler, B. P., J. S. Brown, and W. A. Mitchell. 1993 Environmental factors affecting patch use in two species of gerbilline rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 74:614-620.
    • (1993) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.74 , pp. 614-620
    • Kotler, B.P.1    Brown, J.S.2    Mitchell, W.A.3
  • 18
    • 0003530017 scopus 로고
    • Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
    • Levins, R. 1968. Evolution in changing environments. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
    • (1968) Evolution in Changing Environments
    • Levins, R.1
  • 19
    • 0022842495 scopus 로고
    • Influence of predation risk on diet selection: A simple example in the gray squirrel
    • Lima, S. L., and T. J. Valone. 1986. Influence of predation risk on diet selection: a simple example in the gray squirrel. Animal Behavior 34:536-544.
    • (1986) Animal Behavior , vol.34 , pp. 536-544
    • Lima, S.L.1    Valone, T.J.2
  • 20
    • 0022170298 scopus 로고
    • Foraging efficiency-predation risk trade-off in the gray squirrel
    • Lima, S. L., T. J. Valone, and T. Caraco. 1985. Foraging efficiency-predation risk trade-off in the gray squirrel. Animal Behavior 33:155-165.
    • (1985) Animal Behavior , vol.33 , pp. 155-165
    • Lima, S.L.1    Valone, T.J.2    Caraco, T.3
  • 21
    • 0000169028 scopus 로고
    • The use of urban gradients in ecological studies
    • Matson, P. 1990. The use of urban gradients in ecological studies. Ecology 71:1231-1245.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1231-1245
    • Matson, P.1
  • 22
    • 0025693363 scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem structure and function along urban-rural gradients: An unexploited opportunity for ecology
    • McDonnell, M. J., and S. T. A. Pickett. 1990. Ecosystem structure and function along urban-rural gradients: an unexploited opportunity for ecology. Ecology 71-1232-1237.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1232-1237
    • McDonnell, M.J.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 23
    • 0026077042 scopus 로고
    • Patch use under predation hazard: For-aging behavior in a simple stochastic environment
    • Newman, J.A. 1991. Patch use under predation hazard: for-aging behavior in a simple stochastic environment. Oikos 61:29-44.
    • (1991) Oikos , vol.61 , pp. 29-44
    • Newman, J.A.1
  • 24
    • 0001260441 scopus 로고
    • Foraging, predation hazard, and patch use in gray squirrels
    • Newman, J. A., and T. Caraco. 1987. Foraging, predation hazard, and patch use in gray squirrels. Animal Behavior 35:1804-1813.
    • (1987) Animal Behavior , vol.35 , pp. 1804-1813
    • Newman, J.A.1    Caraco, T.2
  • 25
    • 0024197005 scopus 로고
    • Effects of predation hazard on foraging "constraints": Patch use strategies in gray squirrels
    • Newman, J. A., G. M. Recer, S. M. Zwicker, and T. Caraco. 1988. Effects of predation hazard on foraging "constraints": patch use strategies in gray squirrels. Oikos 53:93-97.
    • (1988) Oikos , vol.53 , pp. 93-97
    • Newman, J.A.1    Recer, G.M.2    Zwicker, S.M.3    Caraco, T.4
  • 26
    • 0025639451 scopus 로고
    • Mortality risk vs. food quality trade-offs in a common currency: Ant patch preferences
    • Nonacs, P., and L. M. Dill. 1990. Mortality risk vs. food quality trade-offs in a common currency: ant patch preferences. Ecology 71:1886-1892.
    • (1990) Ecology , vol.71 , pp. 1886-1892
    • Nonacs, P.1    Dill, L.M.2
  • 31
    • 21844482502 scopus 로고
    • What are squirrels hiding?
    • Steele, M., and P. Smallwood. 1994. What are squirrels hiding? Natural History 10:40-44.
    • (1994) Natural History , vol.10 , pp. 40-44
    • Steele, M.1    Smallwood, P.2
  • 34
    • 0023496017 scopus 로고
    • Carrying food items to cover for consumption: The behavior of ten bird species feeding under the risk of predation
    • Valone, T. J., and S. L. Lima. 1987. Carrying food items to cover for consumption: the behavior of ten bird species feeding under the risk of predation. Oecologia 71:286-294.
    • (1987) Oecologia , vol.71 , pp. 286-294
    • Valone, T.J.1    Lima, S.L.2
  • 35
    • 0017389618 scopus 로고
    • Coevolution of foraging in Bombus and nectar dispersing in Chilopsis: A last dreg theory
    • Whitham, T. G. 1977. Coevolution of foraging in Bombus and nectar dispersing in Chilopsis: a last dreg theory. Science 197:593-596.
    • (1977) Science , vol.197 , pp. 593-596
    • Whitham, T.G.1
  • 36
    • 0027446803 scopus 로고
    • Ecological mechanisms and landscape ecology
    • Wiens, J. A., N. C. Stenseth, B. Van Horne, and R. A. Ims. 1993. Ecological mechanisms and landscape ecology. Oikos 66:369-380.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.66 , pp. 369-380
    • Wiens, J.A.1    Stenseth, N.C.2    Van Horne, B.3    Ims, R.A.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.