Effects of dietary phosphorus and lipid levels on utilization and excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 2. Production-scale study

Aquaculture Nutrition

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 291-298

  Green, J A ^a   Brannon, E L ^b   Hardy, R W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO   (United States)

Author keywords

Aquaculture; Effluent; Lipid; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Rainbow trout

Indexed keywords

ONCORHYNCHUS; ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS; SALMONIDAE;

EID: 1842867237     PISSN: 13535773     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2095.2002.00217.x     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. AOAC (1984) Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, VA.
2. Arzel, J., Metailler, R., Le Gall, P. & Guillaume, J. (1998) Relationship between ration size and dietary protein level varying at the expense of carbohydrate and lipid in triploid brown trout fry, Salmo trutta. Aquaculture, 162, 259-268.
3. Azevedo, P.A., Cho, C.Y., Leeson, S. & Bureau, D.P. (1998) Effects of feeding level and water temperature on growth, nutrient and energy utilization and waste outputs of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquat. Living Res., 11, 227-238.
4. Beamish, F.W.H. & Medland, T.E. (1986) Protein sparing effects in large rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Aquaculture, 55, 35-42.
5. Brett, J.R. & Zala, C.A. (1975) Daily pattern of nitrogen excretion and oxygen consumption of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) under controlled conditions. J. Fish. Res. Board. Can., 32, 2479-2486.
6. Bringhurst, F.R. (1995) Calcium and phosphate distribution, turnover, and metabolic actions. In: Endocrinology, (DeGroot, L.J., ed.), 3rd ed., vol. 2, pp. 1023-1035. W.B. Saunders, London.
7. Cho, C.Y. (1992) Feeding systems for rainbow trout and other salmonids with reference to current estimates of energy and protein requirements. Aquaculture, 100, 107-123.
8. Cho, C.Y. & Bureau, D.P. (1997) Reduction of waste output from salmonid aquaculture through feeds and feeding. Prog. Fish Culturist, 59, 155-160.
9. Cho, C.Y., Slinger, S.J. & Bayley, H.S. (1982) Bioenergetics of salmonid fishes: energy intake, expenditure and productivity. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 73B, 25-41.
10. Cho, C.Y., Hynes, J.D., Wood, K.R. & Yoshida, H.K. (1991) Quantitation of fish culture wastes by biological (nutritional) and chemical (limnological) methods; the development of high nutrient dense (HND) diets. In: Nutritional Strategies and Aquaculture Waste. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Nutritional Strategies in Management of Aquaculture Waste (Cowey, C.B. & Cho, C.Y., eds), pp. 51-64. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 1990.
11. Cho, C.Y., Hynes, J.D., Wood, K.R. & Yoshida, H.K. (1994) Development of high-nutrient-dense, low-pollution diets and prediction of aquaculture wastes using biological approaches. Aquaculture, 124, 293-305.
12. Cowey, C.B. & Cho, C.Y., eds. (1991) Nutritional Strategies and Aquaculture Waste. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Nutritional Strategies in Management of Aquaculture Waste. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 1990.
13. Einen, O. & Roem, A.J. (1997) Dietary protein/energy ratios for Atlantic salmon in relation to fish size: growth, feed utilization and slaughter quality. Aquacult. Nutr., 3, 115-126.
14. Furakawa, A. & Tsukahara, H. (1966) On the acid digestion method for the determination of chromic oxide as an index substance in the study of digestibility of fish feed. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 32, 502-506.
15. Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S. & Eaton, A.D. (1992) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Victor Graphics, Inc., Baltimore, MD.
16. Hajen, W.E., Higgs, D.A., Beames, R.M. & Dosanjh, B.S. (1993) Digestibility of various feedstuffs by postjuvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in sea water. 1. Validation of technique. Aquaculture, 112, 321-332.
17. Hardy, R.W. (1989) Diet Preparation. In: Fish Nutrition (Halver, J.E., ed.), 2nd edn pp. 476-549. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
18. Helland, S.J. & Grisdale-Helland, B. (1998) The influence of replacing fish meal with fish oil on growth, feed utilization and body composition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the smoltification period. Aquaculture, 162, 1-10.
19. Hillestad, M. & Johnsen, F. (1994) High-energy/low-protein diets for Atlantic salmon: effects on growth, nutrient retention and slaughter quality. Aquaculture, 124, 109-116.
20. Horne, A.J. & Goldman, C.R. (1994) Limnology, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, New York.
21. Jahan, P., Watanabe, T., Satoh, S. & Viswanath, K. (2000) Effect of dietary fish meal levels on environmental phosphorus loading from carp culture. Fish Sci., 66, 204-210.
22. Kaushik, S.J. (1980) Influence of nutritional status on the daily patterns of nitrogen excretion in the carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.). Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 20, 1751-1785.
23. Kaushik, S.J. & Cowey, C.B. (1991) Dietary factors affecting nitrogen excretion by fish. In: Nutritional Strategies and Aquaculture Waste. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Nutritional Strategies in Management of Aquaculture Waste (Cowey, C.B. & Cho, C.Y., eds), pp. 3-19. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 1990.
24. Kellems, R.O. & Sinnhuber, R.O. (1982) Performance of rainbow trout fed gelatin-bound diets of fish protein concentrate of casein containing 25-45% herring oil. Prog. Fish-Cult., 44, 131-134.
25. Ketola, H.G. & Harland, B.F. (1993) Influence of phosphorus in rainbow trout diets on phosphorus discharges in effluent water. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 122, 1120-1126.
26. Ketola, H.G., Westers, H., Houghton, W. & Pecor, C. (1991) Effect of diet on growth and survival of coho salmon and on phosphorus discharges from a fish hatchery. Am. Fish Soc. Symp., 10, 402-409.
27. Lall, S.P. (1991) Digestibility, metabolism and excretion of dietary phosphorus in fish. In: Nutritional Strategies and Aquaculture Waste. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Nutritional Strategies in Management of Aquaculture Waste (Cowey, C.B. & Cho, C.Y., eds), pp. 21-36. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 1990.
28. Reinitz, G.L., Orme, L.E., Lemm, C.A. & Hitzel, F.N. (1978) Influence of varying lipid concentrations with two protein concentrations in diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 107, 751-754.
29. Rodehutscord, M., Mandel, S. & Pfeffer, E. (1994) Reduced protein content and use of wheat gluten in diets for rainbow trout: effects on water loading with N and P. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 10, 271-273.
30. Rodehutscord, M. & Pfeffer, E. (1999) Maintenance requirement for digestible energy and efficiency of utilization of digestible energy for retention in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture, 179, 95-107.
31. Ruohonen, K., Vielma, J. & Grove, D.J. (1998) Growth and food utilization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed low-fat herring and dry diets enriched with fish oil. Aquaculture, 163, 275-283.
32. Ruohonen, K., Vielma, J. & Grove, D.J. (1999) Low-protein supplement increases protein retention and reduces the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus wasted by rainbow trout fed on low-fat herring. Aquacult. Nutr., 5, 83-91.
33. Santinha, P.J.M., Medale, F., Corraze, G. & Gomes, E.F.S. (1999) Effects of the dietary protein: lipid ratio on growth and nutrient utilization in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Aquacult. Nutr., 5, 147-156.
34. SAS Institute Inc. (1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 6, 4th edn. vol. 2. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
35. Smith, R.R. (1989) Nutritional Energetics. In: Fish Nutrition, 2nd edn (Halver, J.E., ed.), pp. 476-549. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
36. Steffens, W., Rennert, B., Wirth, M. & Kruger, R. (1999) Effect of two lipid levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792). J. Appl. Ichthyol., 15, 159-164.
37. Storebakken, T. & Austreng, E. (1987) Ration level for salmonids II. Growth, feed intake, protein digestibility, body composition, and feed conversion in rainbow trout weighing 0.5-1.0 kg. Aquaculture, 60, 207-221.
38. Sugiura, S.H., Dong, F.M., Rathbone, C.K. & Hardy, R.W. (1998) Apparent protein digestibility and mineral availabilities in various feed ingredients for salmonid feeds. Aquaculture, 159, 177-202.
39. Sugiura, S.H., Dong, F.M. & Hardy, R.W. (2000) Primary responses of rainbow trout to dietary phosphorus concentrations. Aquacult. Nutr., 6, 235-246.
40. Talbot, C. & Hole, R. (1994) Fish diets and the control of eutrophication resulting from aquaculture. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 10, 258-270.
41. Tanaka, Y. & Kadowaki, S. (1995) Kinetics of nitrogen excretion by cultured flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. J. World Aquacult. Soc., 26, 188-193.
42. Watanabe, T., Takeuchi, T. & Ogino, C. (1979) Studies on the sparing effect of lipids on dietary protein in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In: Finfish Nutrition and Fishfeed Technology, (Halver, J.E. & Tiews, K., eds). Vol. I pp. 113-126. Heenemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Berlin.
43. Wiesmann, D., Scheid, H. & Pfeffer, E. (1988) Water pollution with phosphorus of dietary origin by intensively fed rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.). Aquaculture, 69, 263-270.
44. Zar, J.H. (1984) Biostatistical Analysis, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.