International variations in the outcome of schizophrenia and the prevalence of depression in relation to national dietary practices: An ecological analysis

British Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 184, Issue MAY, 2004, Pages 404-408

  Peet, Malcolm ^a  

^a Swallownest Court Hospital   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DEPRESSION; DIET THERAPY; DIETARY INTAKE; ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FISH; FOLLOW UP; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; LOW CALORY DIET; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PREDICTION; PREVALENCE; REMISSION; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEA FOOD;

ANIMALS; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; DIET; DIETARY SUCROSE; FISHES; FOOD HABITS; HUMANS; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SHELLFISH; WORLD HEALTH;

EID: 1842718013     PISSN: 00071250     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.184.5.404     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Christensen, O. & Christensen, E. (1988) Fat consumption and schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 78, 587-591.
2. De Fronzo, R. A. & Ferrannini, E. (1991) Insulin resistance: a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care, 14, 173-194.
3. Durany, N., Michell, T., Zochting, R., et al (2001) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 52, 89-86.
4. Food and Agriculture Organization (2002) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistical Database: http://apps.fao.org/ default.jsp
5. Hansen, B. C. (1999) The metabolic syndrome X. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 892, 1-24.
6. Hibbeln, J. (1998) Fish consumption and major depression (letter). Lancet, 351, 1213.
7. Hibbeln, J. R. & Salem, N., Jr. (1995) Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression: when cholesterol does not satisfy. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62, 1-9.
8. Hopper, K. & Wanderling, J. (2000) Revisiting the developed versus developing country distinction in course and outcome in schizophrenia: results from ISOS, the WHO collaborative follow-up project. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26, 835-846.
9. Jablensky, A., Sartorius, N., Emberg, G., et al (1992) Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures: a World Health Organization 10-country study. Psychological Medicine, Monograph Supplement, 20, 1-97.
10. Kyriaki, G. (2003) Brain insulin: regulation, mechanisms of action and functions. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 23, 1-25.
11. Ludwig, D. S. (2002) The Glycaemic Index. Physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. JAMA, 287, 2414-2423.
12. Mann, J. I. (2002) Diet and risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Lancet, 360, 783-789.
13. Melers, R. L. (1973) Relative hypoglycaemia in schizophrenia. In Orthomolecular Psychiatry (eds D. Hawkings & L. Pauling), pp. 452-462. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman.
14. Molteni, R., Barnard, R. J., Ying, Z., et al (2002) A high-fat, refined sugar diet reduces hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal plasticity, and learning. Neuroscience, 112, 803-814.
15. Nemets, B., Stahl, Z. & Belmaker, R. H. (2002) Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to maintenance medication treatment for recurrent unipolar depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 477-479.
16. Peet, M. & Edwards, Rh. W. (1997) Lipids, depression and physical diseases. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 10, 477-480.
17. Peet, M. & Horrobin, D. F. (2002) A dose-ranging study of ethyleicosapentaenoic acid in patients with ongoing depression despite apparently adequate treatment with standard drugs. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59, 913-919.
18. Ryan, M. C. & Thakore, J. H. (2002) Physical consequences of schizophrenia and its treatment: the metabolic syndrome. Life Sciences, 71, 239-257.
19. Summers, L. K., Fielding, B. A., Bradshaw, H. A., et al (2002) Substituting dietary fat with polyunsaturated fat changes abdominal fat distribution and improves insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia, 45, 369-377.
20. Tucker, K. L. & Buranapin, S. (2001) Nutrition and aging in developing countries. Journal of Nutrition, 131, 2417S-2423S.
21. Weissman, M. M., Bland, R. C., Canino, C. J., et al (1996) Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder. JAMA, 276, 293-299.
22. Westover, A. N. & Marangeli, L. B. (2002) A cross-national relationship between sugar consumption and major depression. Depression and Anxiety, 16, 118-130.
23. World Health Organization (1979) Schizophrenia: an International Follow-up Study. New York: John Wiley.