Biological functions and metabolic fate of vitamin E revisited

Journal of Biomedical Science

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 295-302

  Chow, Ching Kuang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biological function, vitamin E; Metabolism fate, vitamin E; Vitamin E

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL TRANSFER PROTEIN; CARRIER PROTEIN; REACTIVE NITROGEN SPECIES; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL DEFICIENCY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; DIETARY INTAKE; HUMAN; ISOMER; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; VITAMIN E METABOLISM; VITAMIN INTAKE; VITAMIN METABOLISM;

HUMANS; VITAMIN E;

EID: 1842635430     PISSN: 10217770     EISSN: 14230127     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000077097     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Arita M, Sato, Y, Miyata A, Tababe T, Takahashi E, Kayden HJ, Arai H, Inoue K. Human α-tocopherol transfer protein: Gene structure and chromosomal localization. Biochem J 305:437-443;1995.
2. Azzi A, Ricciarelli R, Zingg JM. Non-antioxidant molecular functions of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). FEBS Lett 519:8-10;2002.
3. Bieri JG, Farrell PM. Vitamin E. Vitam Horm 34:31-75;1976.
4. Burton GW, Traber MG. Vitamin E: Antioxidant activity, biokinetics, and bioavailability. Annu Rev Nutr 10:357-380;1990.
5. Byun MS, Jeon KI, Choi JW, Shim JY, Jue DM. Dual effect of oxidative stress on NF-kappakB activation in HeLa cells. Exp Mol Med 34:332-339;2002.
6. Chan AC, Tran K, Raynor T, Ganz PR, Chow CK. Regeneration of vitamin E in human platelets. J Biol Chem 266:17290-17295; 1991.
7. Chiarugi P. Reactive oxygen species as mediators of cell adhesion. Ital J Biochem 52:28-32;2003.
8. Chiku S, Hamamura K, Nakamura T. Novel urinary metabolite of δ-tocopherol in rats. J Lipid Res 25:40-48;1984.
9. Chou AC, Broun GO, Fitch CD Jr. Abnormalities of iron metabolism and erythropoieses in vitamin E-deficient rabbits. Blood 52:187-195;1978.
10. Chow CK. Increased activity of pyruvate kinase in plasma of vitamin E-deficient rats. J Nutr 105:1221-1224;1975.
11. Chow CK. Biochemical responses in the lungs of ozone-tolerant rats. Nature 260:721-722;1976.
12. Chow CK. Nutritional influence in cellular antioxidant defense systems. Am J Clin Nutr 32:1066-1081;1979.
13. Chow CK. Vitamin E and blood. World Rev Nutr Diet 45:133-166;1985.
14. Chow CK. Vitamin E and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 11:215-232;1991.
15. Chow CK. Vitamin E. In: Rucker RB, Suttie JW, McCormick DB, Machlin LJ, eds. Handbook of Vitamins, ed 3. New York, Marcel Dekker, 165-197;2001.
16. Chow CK. Vitamin E regulation of mitochondrial superoxide. Biol Signals Recept 10:112-124;2001.
17. Chow CK, Tappel AL. An enzymatic protective mechanism against lipid peroxidation damage to lungs of ozone-exposed rats. Lipids 7:518-524;1972.
18. Chow CK, Reddy K, Tappel AL. Effect of dietary vitamin E on the activities of glutathione peroxidase system in rat tissue. J Nutr 103:618-624;1973.
19. 14C-α-tocopheryl hydroquinone. Lipids 2:390-396;1967.
20. Chow CK, Ibrahim W, Wei Z, Chan AC. Vitamin E regulates mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation. Free Radic Biol Med 27:580-587;1999.
21. Clarke R, Armitage J. Antioxidant vitamins and risk of cardiovascular disease: Review of large-scale randomised trials. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 16:411-415;2002.
22. Diliberto E Jr, Dean G, Carter C, Allen PL. Tissue, subcellular, and submitochondrial distributions of semidehydroascorbate reductase: Possible role of semidehydroascorbate reductase in cofactor regeneration. J Neurochem 39:563-568;1982.
23. Draper HH, Csallany A. Metabolism and function of vitamin E. Fed Proc 28:1690-1695;1969.
24. Evans HM, Bishop KS. On the existence of a hitherto unrecognized dietary factor essential for reproduction. Science 56:650-651;1922.
25. Finkel T. Oxidant signals and oxidative stress. Curr Opin Cell Biol 5:247-254;2003.
26. Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. Iron toxicity and antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology 180:23-32;2002.
27. Freeman BA, Crapo JD. Biology of disease: Free radicals and tissue injury. Lab Invest 47:412-426;1982.
28. Gabsi S, Gouider-Khouja N, Belal S, Fki M, Kefi M, Turki I, Ben-Hamida M, Kayden H, Mebazaa R, Hentati F. Effect of vitamin E supplementation in patients with ataxia with vitamin E deficiency. Eur J Neurol 8:477-481;2001.
29. Gutteridge JM. Iron promoters of the Fenton reaction and lipid peroxidation can be released from hemoglobin by peroxide. FEBS Lett 201:291-295;1986.
30. Haddad JJ. Antioxidant and prooxidant mechanisms in the regulation of redox(y)-sensitive transcription factors. Cell Signal 14:879-897;2002.
31. Halliwell B. Oxidants and human disease: Some new concepts. FASEB J 1:358-364;1987.
32. Harmon EM, Witting LA, Horwitt MK. Relative rates of depletion of alpha-tocopherol and linoleic acid after feeding polyunsaturated fats. Am J Clin Nutr 18:243-248;1966.
33. Hayashi T, Kanetoshi A, Nakamura M, Tamura M, Shirahama H. Reduction of alpha-tocopherolquinone to alpha-tocopherolhydroquinone in rat hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 44:489-493;1992.
34. Hentati A, Deng HX, Hung WY, Nayer M, Ahmed MG, He X, Tim R, Stumpf DA, Siddique T. Human alpha-tocopherol transfer protein: Gene structure and mutations in familial vitamin E deficiency. Ann Neurol 39:295-300;1996.
35. Ibrahim W, Chow CK. Unpublished results.
36. Ibrahim WH, Bhagavan HN, Chopra RK, Chow CK. Dietary coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E alter the status of these compounds in rat tissues and mitochondria. J Nutr 130:2343-2348;2000.
37. Imai H, Nakagawa Y. Biological significance of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx, GPx4) in mammalian cells. Free Radic Biol Med 34:145-169;2003.
38. Jialal I, Traber M, Devaraj S. Is there a vitamin E paradox? Curr Opin Lipidol 12:49-53;2001.
39. Kakhlon O, Ioav Cabantchik Z. The labile iron pool: Characterization, measurement, and participation in cellular processes. Free Radic Biol Med 33:1037-1046;2002.
40. Kamal-Eldin A, Appelqvist LA. The chemistry and antioxidant properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Lipids 31:671-701;1996.
41. Kayden HJ, Traber MG. Absorption, lipoprotein transport, and regulation of plasma concentrations of vitamin E in humans. J Lipid Res 34:343-358;1993.
42. Keyer K, Imlay JA. Superoxide accelerates DNA damage by elevating free iron levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:13635-13640;1996.
43. Kline K, Lawson KA, Yu W, Sanders BG. Vitamin E and breast cancer prevention: Current status and future potential. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 8:91-102;2003.
44. Kohlschütter A, Hübner C, Jansen W, Lindner SG. A treatable familial neuromyopathy with vitamin E deficiency, normal absorption, and evidence of increased consumption of vitamin E. J Inherit Metab Dis 11:149-152;1988.
45. Lass A, Sohal RS. Effect of coenzyme Q(10) and alpha-tocopherol content of mitochondria on the production of superoxide anion radicals. FASEB J 14:87-94;2000.
46. Lee PJ, Choi AM. Pathways of cell signaling in hyperoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 35:341-350;2003.
47. Manson JE, Bassuk SS, Stampfer MJ. Does vitamin E supplementation prevent cardiovascular events? J Womens Health (Larchmt) 12: 123-136;2003.
48. Meagher EA. Treatment of atherosclerosis in the new millennium: Is there a role for vitamin E? Prev Cardiol 6:85-90;2003.
49. Minotti G. Sources and role of iron in lipid peroxidation. Chem Res Toxicol 6:134-146;1993.
50. Minotti G, Aust SD. The requirement for iron (III) in the initiation of lipid peroxidation by iron (II) and hydrogen peroxide. J Biol Chem 262:1098-1104;1987.
51. Niki E, Tsuchiya J, Tanimura R, Kamiya Y. Regeneration of vitamin E from alpha-chromanoxy radical by glutathione and vitamin C. Chem Lett 6:789-792;1982.
52. O'Donnell VB. Free radicals and lipid signaling in endothelial cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 5:195-200;2003.
53. Quahchi K, Arita M, Kayden HJ, Hentati F, Hamida MB, Sokol R, Arai H, Inoue K, Mandel IL, Koenig M. Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency is caused by mutation in the α-tocopherol transfer protein. Nat Genet 9:141-145;1995.
54. Packer JE, Slater TF, Wilson RL. Direct observation of a free radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C. Nature 278:737-738;1979.
55. Pfeilschifter J, Eberhardt W, Huwiler A. Nitric oxide and mechanisms of redox signaling. J Am Soc Nephrol 14(8 suppl 3):S237-S240;2003.
56. Poli G, Albano E, Biasi F, Cecchini G, Carini R, Bellomo G, Dianzani MU. Lipid peroxidation stimulated by carbon tetrachloride or iron and hepatocyte death: Protective effect of vitamin E. Eur J Biochem 59:449-455;1975.
57. Rimbach G, Minihane AM, Majewicz J, Fischer A, Pallauf J, Virgli F, Weinberg PD. Regulation of cell signalling by vitamin E. Proc Nutr Soc 61:415-425;2002.
58. Schultz M, Leist M, Petrzika M, Gassmann B, Brigelius-Flohe R. Novel urinary metabolite of α-tocopherol, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2(2′- carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman, as an indicator of an adequate vitamin E supply? Am J Clin Nutr 62(6 Suppl):1527S-1534S;1995.
59. Scott ML. Studies on vitamin E and related factors in nutrition and metabolism. In: DeLuca HF, Suttie JW, eds. The Fat-Soluble Vitamins. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 355-368; 1969.
60. Simon EJ, Eisengart A, Sundheim L, Milhorat AT. The metabolism of vitamin E. II. Purification and characterization of urinary metabolites of α-tocopherol. J Biol Chem 221:807-817;1956.
61. Smith P, Tappel AL, Chow CK. Glutathione peroxidase activity as a function of dietary selenomethionine. Nature 247:392-393;1974.
62. Sokol RJ. Vitamin E deficiency and neurological disease. Annu Rev Nutr 8:351-373;1988.
63. Squadrito GL, Pryor WA. Oxidative chemistry of nitric oxide: The roles of superoxide, peroxynitrite, and carbon dioxide. Free Radic Biol Med 25:392-403;1998.
64. Sung L, Greenberg ML, Koren G, Tomlinson GA, Tong A, Malkin D, Feldman BM. Vitamin E: The evidence for multiple roles in cancer. Nutr Cancer 46:1-14;2003.
65. Tappel AL. Will antioxidant nutrients slow aging process? Geriatrics 23:97-105;1968.
66. Tasinato A, Boscoboinik D, Bartoli GM, Maroni P, Azzi A. d-Alpha-tocopherol inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation occurs at physiological concentrations, correlates with protein kinase C inhibition, and is independent of its antioxidant properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:12190-12194;1995.
67. Thomas PK, Cooper JM, King RH, Workman JM, Schapira AH, Sampson MA, Muller DP: Myopathy in vitamin E deficient rats: Muscle fiber necrosis associated with disturbances of mitochondrial function. J Anat 183:451-461;1993.
68. Touyz RM. Recent advances in intracellular signalling in hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 12:165-174;2003.
69. Traber MG. Determinations of plasma vitamin E concentrations. Free Radic Biol Med 16:229-239;1994.
70. Traber MG, Kayden HJ. Preferential incorporation of α-tocopherol vs. γ-tocopherol in human lipoproteins. Am J Clin Nutr 49:517-526;1989.
71. Traber MG, Packer L. Vitamin E: Beyond antioxidant function. Am J Clin Nutr 62(6 Suppl):1501S-1509S;1995.
72. Traber MG, Burton GW, Ingold KU, Kayden HJ. RRR-and SRR-α- tocopherols are secreted without discrimination in human chylomicrons, but RRR-α-tocopherol is preferentially secreted in very low density lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 31:675-685;1990.
73. Traber MG, Sokol RJ, Kohlschütter A, Kayden HJ. Impaired discrimination between stereoisomers of α-tocopherol in patients with familial isolated vitamin E deficiency. J Lipid Res 34:201-210;1993.
74. Upston JM, Kritharides L, Stocker R. The role of vitamin E in atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 42:405-422;2003.
75. Ursini F, Maiorino M, Gregolin C. The selenoenzyme phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. Biochim Biophys Acta 839:62-70;1985.
76. Wechter WJ, Kantoci D, Murry ED Jr, D'Amico DC, Jung ME, Wang WH. A new endogenous natriuretic factor: LLU-α. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:6002-6007;1996.
77. Weiser H, Vecchi M. Stereoisomers of α-tocopheryl acetate. II. Biopotencies of all eight stereoisomers, individually or in mixtures, as determined by rat resorption-gestation tests. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 52:351-370;1982.
78. Weiser H, Vecchi M, Schlachter M. Stereoisomers of alpha-tocopheryl acetate. IV. USP units and alpha-tocopherol equivalents of allrac-, 2-ambo- and RRR-alpha-tocopherol evaluated by simultaneous determination of resorption-gestation, myopathy and liver storage capacity in rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 56:45-56;1986.
79. Welch KD, Davis TZ, Van Eden ME, Aust SD. Deleterious iron-mediated oxidation of biomolecules. Free Radic Biol Med 32:577-583;2002.
80. Yu BP. Cellular defense against damage from reactive oxygen species. Physiol Rev 74:139-162;1994.