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For an isolated excited state, the RPES signal disperses linearly on the binding energy scale, by virtue of energy conservation, if the experiment is conducted using narrow-band excitation, i.e., using a photon resolution below the lifetime broadening of the excited state (see, for example, ref 14). The experiment is said to be conducted under Auger resonant Raman (ARR) conditions. Even then, the overall dispersion across the entire spectral range is zero for two or more energetically well-separated excited (electronic) states (not coupled to any continuum), whereas it is linear within each resonance. Finally, for excited states with overlapping tails (commonly vibrational states), interference effects that destroy the linear dispersion might be present (see, for example, ref 42). In principle, the present experiment could be conducted using both narrow-band or broad-band excitation, and, in both cases, the overall zero dispersion can be used to distinguish RPES and RAES features, because several well-separated electronic resonances are part of the experiment's spectral range.
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