메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 629-636

Antioxidant properties of N-acetylcysteine: Their relevance in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author keywords

N Acetylcysteine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease inflammation oxidative stress pathogenesis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; ANTIOXIDANT; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CIGARETTE SMOKE; CORTICOSTEROID DERIVATIVE; DEXAMETHASONE; GLUTATHIONE; MUCOLYTIC AGENT; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE;

EID: 1842481121     PISSN: 09031936     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1183/09031936.04.00016804     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (277)

References (102)
  • 2
    • 0033369168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung glutathione and oxidative stress: Implications in cigarette smoke-induced airway disease
    • Rahman I, MacNee W. Lung glutathione and oxidative stress: implications in cigarette smoke-induced airway disease. Am J Physiol 1999; 277: L1067-L1088.
    • (1999) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.277
    • Rahman, I.1    MacNee, W.2
  • 3
    • 0032719587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidants and antioxidants as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • MacNee W, Rahman I. Oxidants and antioxidants as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: S58-S65.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.160
    • MacNee, W.1    Rahman, I.2
  • 4
    • 0034034334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidants/antioxidants and COPD
    • MacNee W. Oxidants/antioxidants and COPD. Chest 2000; 117: 5 Suppl. 1, 303S-317S.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117 , Issue.5 SUPPL. 1
    • MacNee, W.1
  • 5
    • 0034721232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 269-280.
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.343 , pp. 269-280
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 6
    • 0029740875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidants/antioxidants in smoking-induced lung diseases
    • Rahman I, MacNee W. Role of oxidants/antioxidants in smoking-induced lung diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 1996; 21: 669-681.
    • (1996) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.21 , pp. 669-681
    • Rahman, I.1    MacNee, W.2
  • 7
    • 0009505954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of oxidant injury
    • Crystal RG, West JB, Weibel ER, Barnes PJ, eds. New York, NY, Raven Press Ltd
    • Warren JS, Johnson KJ, Ward PA. Consequences of oxidant injury. In: Crystal RG, West JB, Weibel ER, Barnes PJ, eds. The Lung: Scientific Foundations. New York, NY, Raven Press Ltd, 1997; pp. 2279-2288.
    • (1997) The Lung: Scientific Foundations , pp. 2279-2288
    • Warren, J.S.1    Johnson, K.J.2    Ward, P.A.3
  • 9
    • 0035840849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and lung inflammation in airways disease
    • MacNee W. Oxidative stress and lung inflammation in airways disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 429: 195-207.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.429 , pp. 195-207
    • MacNee, W.1
  • 10
    • 0032970632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial permeability, inflammation, and oxidant stress in the air spaces of smokers
    • Morrison D, Rahman I, Lannan S, MacNee W. Epithelial permeability, inflammation, and oxidant stress in the air spaces of smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159: 473-479.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.159 , pp. 473-479
    • Morrison, D.1    Rahman, I.2    Lannan, S.3    MacNee, W.4
  • 11
    • 0031866706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron metabolism in the lower respiratory tract
    • Mateos F, Brock JH, Perez-Arellano JL. Iron metabolism in the lower respiratory tract. Thorax 1998; 53: 594-600.
    • (1998) Thorax , vol.53 , pp. 594-600
    • Mateos, F.1    Brock, J.H.2    Perez-Arellano, J.L.3
  • 12
    • 0023263523 scopus 로고
    • Normal alveolar epitheliaL lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione
    • Cantin AM, North SL, Hubbard R, Crystal RG. Normal alveolar epitheliaL lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione. J Appl Physiol 1987; 63: 152-157.
    • (1987) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.63 , pp. 152-157
    • Cantin, A.M.1    North, S.L.2    Hubbard, R.3    Crystal, R.G.4
  • 14
    • 0030754025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of oxidant/ antioxidant imbalance during treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Rahman I, Skwarska E, MacNee W. Attenuation of oxidant/ antioxidant imbalance during treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1997; 52: 565-568.
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , pp. 565-568
    • Rahman, I.1    Skwarska, E.2    MacNee, W.3
  • 15
    • 0031874169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of glutathione, ascorbate recycling, and free radical scavenging in human erythrocytes exposed to filtered cigarette smoke
    • Maranzana A, Mehlhorn RJ. Loss of glutathione, ascorbate recycling, and free radical scavenging in human erythrocytes exposed to filtered cigarette smoke. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 350: 169-182.
    • (1998) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.350 , pp. 169-182
    • Maranzana, A.1    Mehlhorn, R.J.2
  • 16
    • 0020680286 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoke blocks cross-linking of elastin in vitro
    • Laurent P, Janoff A, Kagan HM. Cigarette smoke blocks cross-linking of elastin in vitro. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 127: 189-192.
    • (1983) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.127 , pp. 189-192
    • Laurent, P.1    Janoff, A.2    Kagan, H.M.3
  • 17
    • 0022230573 scopus 로고
    • Oxidants, antioxidants and the pathogenesis of emphysema
    • Cantin A, Crystal RG. Oxidants, antioxidants and the pathogenesis of emphysema. Eur J Respir Dis 1985; 66: Suppl. 139, 7-17.
    • (1985) Eur. J. Respir. Dis. , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 139 , pp. 7-17
    • Cantin, A.1    Crystal, R.G.2
  • 18
    • 0026163812 scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia increases production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by human mononuclear cells
    • Ghezzi P, Dinarello CA, Bianchi M, Rosandich ME, Repine JE, White CW. Hypoxia increases production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by human mononuclear cells. Cytokine 1991; 3: 189-194.
    • (1991) Cytokine , vol.3 , pp. 189-194
    • Ghezzi, P.1    Dinarello, C.A.2    Bianchi, M.3    Rosandich, M.E.4    Repine, J.E.5    White, C.W.6
  • 21
    • 0026650664 scopus 로고
    • Increased oxidized methionine residues in BAL fluid proteins in acute or chronic bronchitis
    • Maier KL, Leuschel L, Costabel U. Increased oxidized methionine residues in BAL fluid proteins in acute or chronic bronchitis. Eur Respir J 1992; 5: 651-658.
    • (1992) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.5 , pp. 651-658
    • Maier, K.L.1    Leuschel, L.2    Costabel, U.3
  • 23
    • 0024438957 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cigarette smoking on neutrophil kinetics in human lungs
    • MacNee W, Wiggs B, Belzberg AS, Hogg JC. The effect of cigarette smoking on neutrophil kinetics in human lungs. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 924-928.
    • (1989) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.321 , pp. 924-928
    • MacNee, W.1    Wiggs, B.2    Belzberg, A.S.3    Hogg, J.C.4
  • 24
    • 0033806242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung inflammation
    • Rahman I, MacNee W. Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung inflammation. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 534-554.
    • (2000) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.16 , pp. 534-554
    • Rahman, I.1    MacNee, W.2
  • 25
    • 0035035768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: NHLBI/ WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary
    • on behalf of the GOLD Scientific Committee
    • Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PMA, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS, on behalf of the GOLD Scientific Committee. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: NHLBI/ WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1256-1276.
    • (2001) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.163 , pp. 1256-1276
    • Pauwels, R.A.1    Buist, A.S.2    Calverley, P.M.A.3    Jenkins, C.R.4    Hurd, S.S.5
  • 26
    • 0032696013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of high dose inhaled steroid on cells, cytokines, and proteases in induced sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Culpitt SV, Maziak W, Loukidis S, Nightingale JA, Matthews JL, Barnes PJ. Effect of high dose inhaled steroid on cells, cytokines, and proteases in induced sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 1635-1639.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.160 , pp. 1635-1639
    • Culpitt, S.V.1    Maziak, W.2    Loukidis, S.3    Nightingale, J.A.4    Matthews, J.L.5    Barnes, P.J.6
  • 28
    • 0037216753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired inhibition by dexamethasone of cytokine release by alveolar macrophages from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Culpitt SV, Rogers DF, Shah P, et al. Impaired inhibition by dexamethasone of cytokine release by alveolar macrophages from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 24-31.
    • (2003) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.167 , pp. 24-31
    • Culpitt, S.V.1    Rogers, D.F.2    Shah, P.3
  • 29
    • 0029972142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opposing effects of glucocorticoids on the rate of apoptosis in neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes
    • Meagher LC, Cousin JM, Seckl JR, Haslett C. Opposing effects of glucocorticoids on the rate of apoptosis in neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes. J Immunol 1996; 156: 4422-4428.
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.156 , pp. 4422-4428
    • Meagher, L.C.1    Cousin, J.M.2    Seckl, J.R.3    Haslett, C.4
  • 30
    • 0031841422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled corticosteroids reduce neutrophilic bronchial inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Confalonieri M, Mainardi E, Della PR, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids reduce neutrophilic bronchial inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1998; 53: 583-585.
    • (1998) Thorax , vol.53 , pp. 583-585
    • Confalonieri, M.1    Mainardi, E.2    Della, P.R.3
  • 31
    • 0026683015 scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized beclomethasone in chronic bronchitis. Improved pulmonary function and diminished airway inflammation
    • Thompson AB, Mueller MB, Heires AJ, et al. Aerosolized beclomethasone in chronic bronchitis. Improved pulmonary function and diminished airway inflammation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 389-395.
    • (1992) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.146 , pp. 389-395
    • Thompson, A.B.1    Mueller, M.B.2    Heires, A.J.3
  • 32
    • 0037097883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of inhaled fluticasone on airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled biopsy study
    • Hattotuwa KL, Gizycki MJ, Ansari TW, Jeffery PK, Barnes NC. The effects of inhaled fluticasone on airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled biopsy study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 1592-1596.
    • (2002) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.165 , pp. 1592-1596
    • Hattotuwa, K.L.1    Gizycki, M.J.2    Ansari, T.W.3    Jeffery, P.K.4    Barnes, N.C.5
  • 33
    • 0035883497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exhaled nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Effects of inhaled beclomethasone
    • Ferreira IM, Hazari MS, Gutierrez C, Zamel N, Chapman KR. Exhaled nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Effects of inhaled beclomethasone. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 1012-1015.
    • (2001) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.164 , pp. 1012-1015
    • Ferreira, I.M.1    Hazari, M.S.2    Gutierrez, C.3    Zamel, N.4    Chapman, K.R.5
  • 34
    • 0042072800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of inhaled corticosteroids with different lung deposition on exhaled hydrogen peroxide in stable COPD patients
    • van Beurden WJC, Harff GA, Dekhuijzen PNR, van der Poel-Smet SM, Smeenk FWJM. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids with different lung deposition on exhaled hydrogen peroxide in stable COPD patients. Respiration 2003; 70: 242-248.
    • (2003) Respiration , vol.70 , pp. 242-248
    • van Beurden, W.J.C.1    Harff, G.A.2    Dekhuijzen, P.N.R.3    van der Poel-Smet, S.M.4    Smeenk, F.W.J.M.5
  • 35
    • 0345188819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking
    • European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    • Pauwels RA, Lofdahl CG, Laitinen LA, et al. Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking. European Respiratory Society Study on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1948-1953.
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.340 , pp. 1948-1953
    • Pauwels, R.A.1    Lofdahl, C.G.2    Laitinen, L.A.3
  • 36
    • 0033614639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial
    • Vestbo J, Sorensen T, Lange P, Brix A, Torre P, Viskum K. Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 1819-1823.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 1819-1823
    • Vestbo, J.1    Sorensen, T.2    Lange, P.3    Brix, A.4    Torre, P.5    Viskum, K.6
  • 37
    • 0034643610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The ISOLDE trial
    • Burge PS, Calverley PM, Jones PW, Spencer S, Anderson JA, Maslen TK. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The ISOLDE trial. BMJ 2000; 320: 1297-1303.
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.320 , pp. 1297-1303
    • Burge, P.S.1    Calverley, P.M.2    Jones, P.W.3    Spencer, S.4    Anderson, J.A.5    Maslen, T.K.6
  • 38
    • 0034727828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Lung Health Study Group
    • Lung Health Study Group. Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1902-1909.
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.343 , pp. 1902-1909
  • 39
    • 0037108632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the Diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Mahler DA, Wire P, Horstman D, et al. Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the Diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 1084-1091.
    • (2002) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.166 , pp. 1084-1091
    • Mahler, D.A.1    Wire, P.2    Horstman, D.3
  • 40
    • 0037246566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Szafranski W, Cukier A, Ramirez A, et al. Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: 74-81.
    • (2003) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.21 , pp. 74-81
    • Szafranski, W.1    Cukier, A.2    Ramirez, A.3
  • 41
  • 42
    • 0037425745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial
    • 2 agonists study group
    • 2 agonists study group. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 449-456.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 449-456
    • Calverley, P.1    Pauwels, R.2    Vestbo, J.3
  • 43
    • 0023029952 scopus 로고
    • Lung protection by a thiol-containing antioxidant: N-acetylcysteine
    • Moldeus P, Cotgreave IA, Berggren M. Lung protection by a thiol-containing antioxidant: N-acetylcysteine. Respiration 1986; 50: 31-42.
    • (1986) Respiration , vol.50 , pp. 31-42
    • Moldeus, P.1    Cotgreave, I.A.2    Berggren, M.3
  • 44
    • 0024394697 scopus 로고
    • The antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine: Its reaction with hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, superoxide, and hypochlorous acid
    • Aruoma OI, Halliwell B, Hoey BM, Butler J. The antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine: Its reaction with hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, superoxide, and hypochlorous acid. Free Radic Biol Med 1989; 6: 593-597.
    • (1989) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.6 , pp. 593-597
    • Aruoma, O.I.1    Halliwell, B.2    Hoey, B.M.3    Butler, J.4
  • 45
    • 0345018815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetylcysteine: Pharmacological considerations and experimental and clinical applications
    • Cotgreave IA. N-acetylcysteine: Pharmacological considerations and experimental and clinical applications. Adv Pharmacol 1997; 38: 205-227.
    • (1997) Adv. Pharmacol. , vol.38 , pp. 205-227
    • Cotgreave, I.A.1
  • 47
    • 0018139071 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of oral acetylcysteine: Absorption, binding and metabolism in patients with respiratory disorders
    • Rodenstein D, DeCoster A, Gazzaniga A. Pharmacokinetics of oral acetylcysteine: Absorption, binding and metabolism in patients with respiratory disorders. Clin Pharmacokinet 1978; 3: 247-254.
    • (1978) Clin. Pharmacokinet. , vol.3 , pp. 247-254
    • Rodenstein, D.1    DeCoster, A.2    Gazzaniga, A.3
  • 49
    • 0023096396 scopus 로고
    • No penetration of orally administered N-acetylcysteine into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
    • Cotgreave IA, Eklund A, Larsson K, Moldeus P. No penetration of orally administered N-acetylcysteine into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Eur J Respir Dis 1987; 70: 73-77.
    • (1987) Eur. J. Respir. Dis. , vol.70 , pp. 73-77
    • Cotgreave, I.A.1    Eklund, A.2    Larsson, K.3    Moldeus, P.4
  • 50
    • 0026029981 scopus 로고
    • Cysteine and glutathione concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after treatment with N-acetylcysteine
    • Bridgeman MM, Marsden M, MacNee W, Flenley DC, Ryle AP. Cysteine and glutathione concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Thorax 1991; 46: 39-42.
    • (1991) Thorax , vol.46 , pp. 39-42
    • Bridgeman, M.M.1    Marsden, M.2    MacNee, W.3    Flenley, D.C.4    Ryle, A.P.5
  • 51
    • 0028361231 scopus 로고
    • Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the concentrations of thiols in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue
    • Bridgeman MM, Marsden M, Selby C, Morrison D, MacNee W. Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the concentrations of thiols in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Thorax 1994; 49: 670-675.
    • (1994) Thorax , vol.49 , pp. 670-675
    • Bridgeman, M.M.1    Marsden, M.2    Selby, C.3    Morrison, D.4    MacNee, W.5
  • 52
    • 0026970404 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear factor κB: An oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor of eukaryotic cells
    • (a review)
    • Schreck R, Albermann K, Baeuerle PA. Nuclear factor κB: An oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor of eukaryotic cells (a review). Free Radic Res Commun 1992; 17: 221-237.
    • (1992) Free Radic. Res. Commun. , vol.17 , pp. 221-237
    • Schreck, R.1    Albermann, K.2    Baeuerle, P.A.3
  • 53
    • 0022185297 scopus 로고
    • Protective action of thiols on neutrophil function
    • Bridges RB. Protective action of thiols on neutrophil function. Eur J Respir Dis 1985; 66: Suppl. 139, 40-48.
    • (1985) Eur. J. Respir. Dis. , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 139 , pp. 40-48
    • Bridges, R.B.1
  • 54
    • 0023484497 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of in vitro oxidant-mediated alveolar macrophage injury by cellular glutathione and precursors
    • Voisin C, Aerts C, Wallaert B. Prevention of in vitro oxidant-mediated alveolar macrophage injury by cellular glutathione and precursors. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1987; 23: 309-313.
    • (1987) Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir. , vol.23 , pp. 309-313
    • Voisin, C.1    Aerts, C.2    Wallaert, B.3
  • 55
    • 0023680851 scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral N-acetylcysteine on cell content and macrophage function in bronchoalveolar lavage from healthy smokers
    • Linden M, Wieslander E, Eklund A, Larsson K, Brattsand R. Effects of oral N-acetylcysteine on cell content and macrophage function in bronchoalveolar lavage from healthy smokers. Eur Respir J 1988; 1: 645-650.
    • (1988) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.1 , pp. 645-650
    • Linden, M.1    Wieslander, E.2    Eklund, A.3    Larsson, K.4    Brattsand, R.5
  • 56
    • 0022200994 scopus 로고
    • N-Acetylcysteine protection against the toxicity of cigarette smoke and cigarette smoke condensates in various tissues and cells in vitro
    • Moldeus P, Berggren M, Graffström R. N-Acetylcysteine protection against the toxicity of cigarette smoke and cigarette smoke condensates in various tissues and cells in vitro. Eur J Respir Dis 1985; 66: Suppl. 139, 123-129.
    • (1985) Eur. J. Respir. Dis. , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 139 , pp. 123-129
    • Moldeus, P.1    Berggren, M.2    Graffström, R.3
  • 57
    • 0025777048 scopus 로고
    • Lack of effect of N-acetylcysteine on the release of oxygen radicals from neutrophils and alveolar macrophages
    • Drost E, Lannan S, Bridgeman MME, et al. Lack of effect of N-acetylcysteine on the release of oxygen radicals from neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. Eur Respir J 1991; 4: 723-729.
    • (1991) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.4 , pp. 723-729
    • Drost, E.1    Lannan, S.2    Bridgeman, M.M.E.3
  • 58
    • 0022182823 scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral acetylcysteine on tobacco smoke-induced secretory cell hyperplasia
    • Jeffery PK, Rogers DF, Ayers MM. Effect of oral acetylcysteine on tobacco smoke-induced secretory cell hyperplasia. Eur J Respir Dis 1985; 66: Suppl. 139, 117-122.
    • (1985) Eur. J. Respir. Dis. , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 139 , pp. 117-122
    • Jeffery, P.K.1    Rogers, D.F.2    Ayers, M.M.3
  • 59
    • 0023546641 scopus 로고
    • 1-proteinase inhibitor by N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione, and methionine
    • 1-proteinase inhibitor by N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione, and methionine. Agents Actions 1987; 22: 255-260.
    • (1987) Agents Actions , vol.22 , pp. 255-260
    • Borregaard, N.1    Jensen, H.S.2    Bjerrum, O.W.3
  • 60
    • 0034103172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetylcysteine prevents cigarette smoke induced small airways alterations in rats
    • Rubio ML, Sanchez-Cifuentes MV, Ortega M, et al. N-acetylcysteine prevents cigarette smoke induced small airways alterations in rats. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 505-511.
    • (2000) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.15 , pp. 505-511
    • Rubio, M.L.1    Sanchez-Cifuentes, M.V.2    Ortega, M.3
  • 61
    • 0031465801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural alterations in erythrocytes from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Santini MT, Straface E, Cipri A, Peverini M, Santulli M, Malorni W. Structural alterations in erythrocytes from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Haemostasis 1997; 27: 201-210.
    • (1997) Haemostasis , vol.27 , pp. 201-210
    • Santini, M.T.1    Straface, E.2    Cipri, A.3    Peverini, M.4    Santulli, M.5    Malorni, W.6
  • 62
    • 0035025056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on lung injury and red blood cell modification induced by carrageenan in the rat
    • Cuzzocrea S, Mazzon E, Dugo L, et al. Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine on lung injury and red blood cell modification induced by carrageenan in the rat. FASEB J 2001; 15: 1187-1200.
    • (2001) FASEB J. , vol.15 , pp. 1187-1200
    • Cuzzocrea, S.1    Mazzon, E.2    Dugo, L.3
  • 63
    • 24244442286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-acetylcysteine (NAC) counteracts erythrocyte damage and is useful in the management of COPD
    • Schmid G, Li Bianchi E, Straface E, et al. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) counteracts erythrocyte damage and is useful in the management of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: A227.
    • (2002) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.165
    • Schmid, G.1    Li Bianchi, E.2    Straface, E.3
  • 64
    • 0027792332 scopus 로고
    • The influence of N-acetylcysteine on chemiluminescence of granulocytes in peripheral blood of patients with chronic bronchitis
    • Jankowska R, Passowicz-Muszynska E, Medrala W, Banas T, Marcinkowska A. The influence of N-acetylcysteine on chemiluminescence of granulocytes in peripheral blood of patients with chronic bronchitis. Pneumonol Alergol Pol 1993; 61: 586-591.
    • (1993) Pneumonol. Alergol. Pol. , vol.61 , pp. 586-591
    • Jankowska, R.1    Passowicz-Muszynska, E.2    Medrala, W.3    Banas, T.4    Marcinkowska, A.5
  • 65
    • 24244436137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sputum ECP levels in COPD patients decrease after treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
    • De Backer W, van Overveld F, Vandekerckhove K. Sputum ECP levels in COPD patients decrease after treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Eur Respir J 1997; 12: 225s.
    • (1997) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.12
    • De Backer, W.1    van Overveld, F.2    Vandekerckhove, K.3
  • 66
    • 0033768954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of N-acetylcysteine on adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to human oropharyngeal epithelial cells in vitro
    • Riise GC, Qvarfordt I, Larsson S, Eliasson V, Andersson BA. Inhibitory effect of N-acetylcysteine on adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to human oropharyngeal epithelial cells in vitro. Respiration 2000; 67: 552-558.
    • (2000) Respiration , vol.67 , pp. 552-558
    • Riise, G.C.1    Qvarfordt, I.2    Larsson, S.3    Eliasson, V.4    Andersson, B.A.5
  • 67
    • 0022885376 scopus 로고
    • Stimuli-induced superoxide radical generation in vitro by human alveolar macrophages from smokers: Modulation by N-acetylcysteine treatment in vivo
    • Bergstrand H, Björnson A, Eklund A, et al. Stimuli-induced superoxide radical generation in vitro by human alveolar macrophages from smokers: Modulation by N-acetylcysteine treatment in vivo. J Free Radic Biol Med 1986; 2: 119-127.
    • (1986) J. Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.2 , pp. 119-127
    • Bergstrand, H.1    Björnson, A.2    Eklund, A.3
  • 68
    • 0023732216 scopus 로고
    • Oral N-acetylcysteine reduces selected humoral markers of inflammatory cell activity in BAL fluid from healthy smokers: Correlation to effects on cellular variables
    • Eklund A, Eriksson O, Hakansson L, et al. Oral N-acetylcysteine reduces selected humoral markers of inflammatory cell activity in BAL fluid from healthy smokers: Correlation to effects on cellular variables. Eur Respir J 1988; 1: 832-838.
    • (1988) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.1 , pp. 832-838
    • Eklund, A.1    Eriksson, O.2    Hakansson, L.3
  • 69
    • 0027365599 scopus 로고
    • Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) gene transcription and expression are regulated through an antioxidant-sensitive mechanism in human vascular endothelial cells
    • Marui N, Offermann MK, Swerlick R, et al. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) gene transcription and expression are regulated through an antioxidant-sensitive mechanism in human vascular endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1993; 92: 1866-1874.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.92 , pp. 1866-1874
    • Marui, N.1    Offermann, M.K.2    Swerlick, R.3
  • 70
    • 0013993572 scopus 로고
    • In vivo antiviral chemotherapy. II. Anti-influenza action of compounds affecting mucous secretions
    • Streightoff F, Redman CE, DeLong DC. In vivo antiviral chemotherapy. II. Anti-influenza action of compounds affecting mucous secretions. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 1966; 6: 503-508.
    • (1966) Antimicrobial. Agents Chemother. , vol.6 , pp. 503-508
    • Streightoff, F.1    Redman, C.E.2    DeLong, D.C.3
  • 72
    • 0025193910 scopus 로고
    • - generation by xanthine oxidase of pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in mice
    • - generation by xanthine oxidase of pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in mice. J Clin Invest 1990; 85: 739-745.
    • (1990) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.85 , pp. 739-745
    • Akaike, T.1    Ando, M.2    Oda, T.3
  • 73
    • 0032899937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of oxidative stress in rhinovirus induced elaboration of IL-8 by respiratory epithelial cells
    • Biagioli MC, Kaul P, Singh I, Turner RB. The role of oxidative stress in rhinovirus induced elaboration of IL-8 by respiratory epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26: 454-462.
    • (1999) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.26 , pp. 454-462
    • Biagioli, M.C.1    Kaul, P.2    Singh, I.3    Turner, R.B.4
  • 74
    • 0029816451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in patients with stable and unstable COPD
    • Dekhuijzen PNR, Aben KKH, Dekker I, et al. Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in patients with stable and unstable COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 813-816.
    • (1996) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.154 , pp. 813-816
    • Dekhuijzen, P.N.R.1    Aben, K.K.H.2    Dekker, I.3
  • 75
    • 0034942666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Kasielski M, Nowak D. Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2001; 95: 448-456.
    • (2001) Respir. Med. , vol.95 , pp. 448-456
    • Kasielski, M.1    Nowak, D.2
  • 76
    • 24244443314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) decreases hydrogen peroxide level in exhaled air of patients with moderate COPD
    • De Benedetto F, Aceto A, Formisano S, et al. Long-term treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) decreases hydrogen peroxide level in exhaled air of patients with moderate COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: A725.
    • (2001) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.163
    • De Benedetto, F.1    Aceto, A.2    Formisano, S.3
  • 78
    • 1842528440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should drugs affecting Mucus properties be used in COPD? Clinical evidence
    • Similowski T, Whitelaw WA, Derenne JP, eds. New York, NY, Basle, Marcel Dekker, Inc
    • Nightingale JA, Rogers DF. Should drugs affecting Mucus properties be used in COPD? Clinical evidence. In: Similowski T, Whitelaw WA, Derenne JP, eds. Clinical Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. New York, NY, Basle, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2002; pp. 405-425.
    • (2002) Clinical Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease , pp. 405-425
    • Nightingale, J.A.1    Rogers, D.F.2
  • 79
    • 0001609666 scopus 로고
    • The in vitro reduction in viscosity of human tracheobronchial secretions by acetylcysteine
    • Sheffner AL, Medler EM, Jacobs LW, Sarett HP. The in vitro reduction in viscosity of human tracheobronchial secretions by acetylcysteine. Am Rev Respir Dis 1964; 90: 721-729.
    • (1964) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.90 , pp. 721-729
    • Sheffner, A.L.1    Medler, E.M.2    Jacobs, L.W.3    Sarett, H.P.4
  • 80
    • 0018909821 scopus 로고
    • The effect of mucolytic agents on the rheologic and transport properties of canine tracheal mucus
    • Martin R, Litt M, Marriott C. The effect of mucolytic agents on the rheologic and transport properties of canine tracheal mucus. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980; 121: 495-500.
    • (1980) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.121 , pp. 495-500
    • Martin, R.1    Litt, M.2    Marriott, C.3
  • 81
    • 0022623634 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition by oral N-acetylcysteine of cigarette smoke-induced "bronchitis" in the rat
    • Rogers DF, Jeffery PK. Inhibition by oral N-acetylcysteine of cigareIte smoke-induced "bRonchitis" in the rat. Exp Lung Res 1986; 10: 267-283.
    • (1986) Exp. Lung Res. , vol.10 , pp. 267-283
    • Rogers, D.F.1    Jeffery, P.K.2
  • 82
    • 0024850380 scopus 로고
    • Oral N-acetylcysteine or S-carboxymethylcysteine inhibit cigarette smoke-induced hypersecretion of mucus in rat larynx and trachea in situ
    • Rogers DF, Turner NC, Marriott C, Jeffery PK. Oral N-acetylcysteine or S-carboxymethylcysteine inhibit cigarette smoke-induced hypersecretion of mucus in rat larynx and trachea in situ. Eur Respir J 1989; 2: 955-960.
    • (1989) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.2 , pp. 955-960
    • Rogers, D.F.1    Turner, N.C.2    Marriott, C.3    Jeffery, P.K.4
  • 83
    • 0023857911 scopus 로고
    • Oral N-acetylcysteine speeds reversal of cigarette smoke-induced mucous cell hyperplasia in the rat
    • Rogers DF, Godfrey RW, Majumdar S, Jeffery PK. Oral N-acetylcysteine speeds reversal of cigarette smoke-induced mucous cell hyperplasia in the rat. Exp Lung Res 1988; 14: 19-35.
    • (1988) Exp. Lung Res. , vol.14 , pp. 19-35
    • Rogers, D.F.1    Godfrey, R.W.2    Majumdar, S.3    Jeffery, P.K.4
  • 84
    • 0020602234 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitis - A study in general practice
    • Tattersall AB, Bridgman KM, Huitson A. Acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitis - a study in general practice. J Int Med Res 1983; 11: 279-284.
    • (1983) J. Int. Med. Res. , vol.11 , pp. 279-284
    • Tattersall, A.B.1    Bridgman, K.M.2    Huitson, A.3
  • 85
    • 0019183068 scopus 로고
    • Long-term oral acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis. A double-blind controlled study
    • Multicenter Study Group
    • Multicenter Study Group. Long-term oral acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis. A double-blind controlled study. Eur J Respir Dis 1980; 61: Suppl. 111, 93-108.
    • (1980) Eur. J. Respir. Dis. , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 111 , pp. 93-108
  • 86
    • 0028266997 scopus 로고
    • The intrabronchial microbial flora in chronic bronchitis patients: A target for N-acetylcysteine therapy?
    • Riise GC, Larsson S, Larsson P, Jeansson S, Andersson BA. The intrabronchial microbial flora in chronic bronchitis patients: A target for N-acetylcysteine therapy? Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 94-101.
    • (1994) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.7 , pp. 94-101
    • Riise, G.C.1    Larsson, S.2    Larsson, P.3    Jeansson, S.4    Andersson, B.A.5
  • 87
    • 0030839942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of influenza symptomatology and improvement of immunological parameters due to long-term treatment with N-acetylcysteine
    • De Flora S, Grassi C, Carati L. Attenuation of influenza symptomatology and improvement of immunological parameters due to long-term treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 1535-1541.
    • (1997) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.10 , pp. 1535-1541
    • De Flora, S.1    Grassi, C.2    Carati, L.3
  • 89
    • 0033898870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of oral N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis: A quantitative systematic review
    • Stey C, Steurer J, Bachmann S, Medici TC, Tramer MR. The effect of oral N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis: A quantitative systematic review. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 253-262.
    • (2000) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.16 , pp. 253-262
    • Stey, C.1    Steurer, J.2    Bachmann, S.3    Medici, T.C.4    Tramer, M.R.5
  • 90
    • 0017111053 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of intermittent oral acetylcysteine in the long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis
    • Grassi C, Morandini GC. A controlled trial of intermittent oral acetylcysteine in the long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1976; 9: 393-396.
    • (1976) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.9 , pp. 393-396
    • Grassi, C.1    Morandini, G.C.2
  • 91
    • 0019183067 scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of acetylcysteine in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: A balanced double-blind trial with placebo control
    • Aylward M, Maddock J, Dewland P. Clinical evaluation of acetylcysteine in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: A balanced double-blind trial with placebo control. Eur J Respir Dis 1980; 61: Suppl. 111, 81-89.
    • (1980) Eur. J. Respir. Dis. , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 111 , pp. 81-89
    • Aylward, M.1    Maddock, J.2    Dewland, P.3
  • 92
    • 0020615142 scopus 로고
    • Oral acetylcysteine reduces exacerbation rate in chronic bronchitis: Report of a trial organized by the Swedish Society for Pulmonary Diseases
    • Boman G, Backer U, Larsson S, Melander B, Wahlander L. Oral acetylcysteine reduces exacerbation rate in chronic bronchitis: Report of a trial organized by the Swedish Society for Pulmonary Diseases. Eur J Respir Dis 1983; 64: 405-415.
    • (1983) Eur. J. Respir. Dis. , vol.64 , pp. 405-415
    • Boman, G.1    Backer, U.2    Larsson, S.3    Melander, B.4    Wahlander, L.5
  • 93
    • 0019791691 scopus 로고
    • Confronto tra acetilcisteina e placebo nel trattamento a lungo termine della bronchite cronica
    • Borgia M, Sepe N, Ori-Belometti M, Borgia M. Confronto tra acetilcisteina e placebo nel trattamento a lungo termine della bronchite cronica. Gaz Med It 1981; 140: 467-472.
    • (1981) Gaz. Med. It. , vol.140 , pp. 467-472
    • Borgia, M.1    Sepe, N.2    Ori-Belometti, M.3    Borgia, M.4
  • 94
    • 0022414065 scopus 로고
    • Oral N-acetylcysteine and exacerbation rates in patients with chronic bronchitis and severe airways obstruction
    • British Thoracic Society Research Committee
    • British Thoracic Society Research Committee. Oral N-acetylcysteine and exacerbation rates in patients with chronic bronchitis and severe airways obstruction. Thorax 1985; 40: 832-835.
    • (1985) Thorax , vol.40 , pp. 832-835
  • 95
    • 0003012105 scopus 로고
    • Langzeittherapie mit Acetylcystein Retard-Tabletten bei Patienten mit chronischer Bronchitis. Eine doppelblinde-placebokontrollierte Studie
    • Meister R. Langzeittherapie mit Acetylcystein Retard-Tabletten bei Patienten mit chronischer Bronchitis. Eine doppelblinde-placebokontrollierte Studie. Forum Prakt Allg Artz 1986; 25: 18-22.
    • (1986) Forum Prakt. Allg. Artz. , vol.25 , pp. 18-22
    • Meister, R.1
  • 96
    • 0023618170 scopus 로고
    • Oral Fabrol (oral N-acetyl-cysteine) in chronic bronchitis
    • Parr GD, Huitson A. Oral Fabrol (oral N-acetyl-cysteine) in chronic bronchitis. Br J Dis Chest 1987; 81: 341-348.
    • (1987) Br. J. Dis. Chest , vol.81 , pp. 341-348
    • Parr, G.D.1    Huitson, A.2
  • 97
    • 0023912569 scopus 로고
    • Reduction in days of illness after long-term treatment with N-acetylcysteine controlled-release tablets in patients with chronic bronchitis
    • Rasmussen JB, Glennon C. Reduction in days of illness after long-term treatment with N-acetylcysteine controlled-release tablets in patients with chronic bronchitis. Eur Respir J 1988; 1: 351-355.
    • (1988) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.1 , pp. 351-355
    • Rasmussen, J.B.1    Glennon, C.2
  • 98
    • 0028040727 scopus 로고
    • Orally administered N-acetylcysteine may improve general well-being in patients with mild chronic bronchitis
    • Hansen NCG, Skriver A, Brorsen-Riis L, et al. Orally administered N-acetylcysteine may improve general well-being in patients with mild chronic bronchitis. Respir Med 1994; 88: 531-535.
    • (1994) Respir. Med. , vol.88 , pp. 531-535
    • Hansen, N.C.G.1    Skriver, A.2    Brorsen-Riis, L.3
  • 99
    • 0021321888 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of oral acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitis: A double-blind placebo controlled study
    • Jackson IM, Barnes J, Cooksey P. Efficacy and tolerability of oral acetylcysteine (Fabrol) in chronic bronchitis: A double-blind placebo controlled study. J Int Med Res 1984; 12: 198-206.
    • (1984) J. Int. Med. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 198-206
    • Jackson, I.M.1    Barnes, J.2    Cooksey, P.3
  • 100
    • 0034023927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of oral long-term N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchopulmonary disease: A meta-analysis of published double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials
    • Grandjean EM, Berthet P, Ruffmann R, Leuenberger P. Efficacy of oral long-term N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchopulmonary disease: A meta-analysis of published double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Clin Ther 2000; 22: 209-221.
    • (2000) Clin. Ther. , vol.22 , pp. 209-221
    • Grandjean, E.M.1    Berthet, P.2    Ruffmann, R.3    Leuenberger, P.4
  • 101
    • 0035954121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral mucolytic drugs for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Systematic review
    • Poole PJ, Black PN. Oral mucolytic drugs for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Systematic review. BMJ 2001; 322: 1271-1274.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , pp. 1271-1274
    • Poole, P.J.1    Black, P.N.2
  • 102
    • 0034961209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bronchitis Randomized On NAC Cost-Utility Study (BRONCUS): Hypothesis and design
    • BRONCUS-trial Committee
    • Decramer M, Dekhuijzen PNR, Troosters T, et al. The Bronchitis Randomized On NAC Cost-Utility Study (BRONCUS): Hypothesis and design. BRONCUS-trial Committee. Eur Respir J 2001; 17: 329-336.
    • (2001) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.17 , pp. 329-336
    • Decramer, M.1    Dekhuijzen, P.N.R.2    Troosters, T.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.