메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 467-484

Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;L'epidemiologia della broncopneumopatia cronica ostruttiva

Author keywords

Air pollution; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Epidemiology; General population; Morbidity; Mortality; Tobacco smoking

Indexed keywords

TOBACCO SMOKE;

EID: 1842480993     PISSN: 00212571     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (11)

References (137)
  • 3
    • 0028827084 scopus 로고
    • Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • American Thoracic Society. Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:77S-121S.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.152
  • 6
    • 0031001720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020
    • Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020. Lancet 1997;349:1498-504.
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1498-1504
    • Murray, C.J.L.1    Lopez, A.D.2
  • 7
    • 0032797756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality in and prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in different parts of Europe
    • Gulsvik A. Mortality in and prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in different parts of Europe. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1999;54:160-2.
    • (1999) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis , vol.54 , pp. 160-162
    • Gulsvik, A.1
  • 8
    • 0034111323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International efforts directed at attacking the problem of COPD
    • Hurd SS. International efforts directed at attacking the problem of COPD. Chest 2000;117:336s-8s.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117
    • Hurd, S.S.1
  • 9
    • 0036173436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United Kingdom: Trends in mortality, morbidity, and smoking
    • Pride NB, Soriano JB. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United Kingdom: trends in mortality, morbidity, and smoking. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2002;8:95-101.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.8 , pp. 95-101
    • Pride, N.B.1    Soriano, J.B.2
  • 12
    • 0026354960 scopus 로고
    • Death certificate reporting of confirmed airways obstructive disease
    • Camilli AE, Robbins DR, Lebowitz MD. Death certificate reporting of confirmed airways obstructive disease. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:795-800.
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.133 , pp. 795-800
    • Camilli, A.E.1    Robbins, D.R.2    Lebowitz, M.D.3
  • 13
    • 0036168431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japan
    • Izumi T. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japan. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2002;8:102-5.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.8 , pp. 102-105
    • Izumi, T.1
  • 14
    • 0031812715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vital prognosis after hospitalization for COPD: A study of a random population sample
    • Vestbo J, Prescott E, Lange P, Schnohr P, Jensen G. Vital prognosis after hospitalization for COPD: a study of a random population sample. Respir Med 1998;92:772-6.
    • (1998) Respir Med , vol.92 , pp. 772-776
    • Vestbo, J.1    Prescott, E.2    Lange, P.3    Schnohr, P.4    Jensen, G.5
  • 15
    • 0029150812 scopus 로고
    • Chronic mucus hypersecretion in COPD and death from pulmonary infection
    • Prescott E, Lange P, Vestbo J. Chronic mucus hypersecretion in COPD and death from pulmonary infection. Eur Respir J 1995;8:1333-8.
    • (1995) Eur Respir J , vol.8 , pp. 1333-1338
    • Prescott, E.1    Lange, P.2    Vestbo, J.3
  • 20
    • 0001554579 scopus 로고
    • CIBA Foundation Guest Symposium. Terminology, definitions and classification of chronic pulmonary emphysema and related conditions
    • CIBA Foundation Guest Symposium. Terminology, definitions and classification of chronic pulmonary emphysema and related conditions. Thorax 1959;14:286-99.
    • (1959) Thorax , vol.14 , pp. 286-299
  • 22
    • 0025872289 scopus 로고
    • Obstructive lung disease in northern Sweden: Respiratory symptoms assessed in a postal survey
    • Lundback B, Nystrom L, Rosenhall L, Stjernberg N. Obstructive lung disease in northern Sweden: respiratory symptoms assessed in a postal survey. Eur Respir J 1991;4:257-66.
    • (1991) Eur Respir J , vol.4 , pp. 257-266
    • Lundback, B.1    Nystrom, L.2    Rosenhall, L.3    Stjernberg, N.4
  • 23
    • 0034064970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of COPD: Using smoking rates to estimate disease frequency in the general population
    • Stang P, Lydick E, Silberman C, Kempel A, Keating ET. The prevalence of COPD: using smoking rates to estimate disease frequency in the general population. Chest 2000;117:354s-9s.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117
    • Stang, P.1    Lydick, E.2    Silberman, C.3    Kempel, A.4    Keating, E.T.5
  • 24
    • 0036199617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Northern Sweden
    • Lindstrom M, Jonsson E, Larsson K, Lundback B. Underdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Northern Sweden. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002;6:76-84.
    • (2002) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.6 , pp. 76-84
    • Lindstrom, M.1    Jonsson, E.2    Larsson, K.3    Lundback, B.4
  • 25
    • 0036772343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk factors for asthma and chronic bronchitis in the capitals Helsinki, Stockholm, and Tallinn
    • Pallasaho P, Lundback B, Meren M, Kiviloog J, Loit HM, Larsson K, Laitinen LA. Prevalence and risk factors for asthma and chronic bronchitis in the capitals Helsinki, Stockholm, and Tallinn. Respir Med 2002;96:759-69.
    • (2002) Respir Med , vol.96 , pp. 759-769
    • Pallasaho, P.1    Lundback, B.2    Meren, M.3    Kiviloog, J.4    Loit, H.M.5    Larsson, K.6    Laitinen, L.A.7
  • 27
    • 0034124046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of airway obstruction in a general population sample. European Respiratory Society vs American Thoracic Society definition
    • Viegi G, Pedreschi M, Pistelli F, Di Pede F, Baldacci S, Carrozzi L, Giuntini C. Prevalence of airway obstruction in a general population sample. European Respiratory Society vs American Thoracic Society definition. Chest 2000;117:339s-45s.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117
    • Viegi, G.1    Pedreschi, M.2    Pistelli, F.3    Di Pede, F.4    Baldacci, S.5    Carrozzi, L.6    Giuntini, C.7
  • 28
    • 0035035768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary
    • Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1256-76.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.163 , pp. 1256-1276
    • Pauwels, R.A.1    Buist, A.S.2    Calverley, P.M.3    Jenkins, C.R.4    Hurd, S.S.5
  • 29
    • 0022588069 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of impairment/disability secondary to respiratory disorders
    • American Thoracic Society. Evaluation of impairment/disability secondary to respiratory disorders. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:1205-9.
    • (1986) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.133 , pp. 1205-1209
  • 30
    • 0036682945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can GOLD Stage 0 provide information of prognostic value in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
    • Vestbo J, Lange P. Can GOLD Stage 0 provide information of prognostic value in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:329-32.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 329-332
    • Vestbo, J.1    Lange, P.2
  • 33
    • 17744379972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Know the age of your lung study group. Early detection of COPD in a high-risk population using spirometric screening
    • Zielinski J, Bednarek M. Know the age of your lung study group. Early detection of COPD in a high-risk population using spirometric screening. Chest 2001;119:731-6.
    • (2001) Chest , vol.119 , pp. 731-736
    • Zielinski, J.1    Bednarek, M.2
  • 35
    • 0034906052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the prevalence across countries of chronic bronchitis and smoking habits in young adults
    • European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) Study Group
    • Cerveri I, Accordini S, Verlato G, Corsico A, Zoia MC, Casali L, Burney P, de Marco R. European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) Study Group. Variations in the prevalence across countries of chronic bronchitis and smoking habits in young adults. Eur Respir J 2001;18:85-92.
    • (2001) Eur Respir J , vol.18 , pp. 85-92
    • Cerveri, I.1    Accordini, S.2    Verlato, G.3    Corsico, A.4    Zoia, M.C.5    Casali, L.6    Burney, P.7    De Marco, R.8
  • 38
    • 0037176654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Foos L, Parè PD, Sandford AF. Genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Swiss Medical Wkly 2002;132: 27-37.
    • (2002) Swiss Medical Wkly , vol.132 , pp. 27-37
    • Foos, L.1    Parè, P.D.2    Sandford, A.F.3
  • 41
    • 0033862316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Canadians and sex-related risk factors
    • Chen Y, Breithaupt K, Muhajarine N. Occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Canadians and sex-related risk factors. J Clin Epidem 2000;53:755-61.
    • (2000) J Clin Epidem , vol.53 , pp. 755-761
    • Chen, Y.1    Breithaupt, K.2    Muhajarine, N.3
  • 42
    • 0026907115 scopus 로고
    • Research needs and opportunities related to respiratory health of women
    • Bone CR, Higgins MW, Hurs SS, Reynolds HY. Research needs and opportunities related to respiratory health of women. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:528-35.
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.146 , pp. 528-535
    • Bone, C.R.1    Higgins, M.W.2    Hurs, S.S.3    Reynolds, H.Y.4
  • 43
    • 0030990977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender difference in smoking effects on lung function and risk of hospitalization for COPD: Results from a Danish longitudinal population study
    • Prescott E, Bjerg AM, Andersen PK, Lange P, Vestbo J. Gender difference in smoking effects on lung function and risk of hospitalization for COPD: results from a Danish longitudinal population study. Eur Respir J 1997;10:822-7.
    • (1997) Eur Respir J , vol.10 , pp. 822-827
    • Prescott, E.1    Bjerg, A.M.2    Andersen, P.K.3    Lange, P.4    Vestbo, J.5
  • 44
    • 0033061140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk from tobacco and potentials for health gain
    • Doll R. Risk from tobacco and potentials for health gain. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999;3:90-9.
    • (1999) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.3 , pp. 90-99
    • Doll, R.1
  • 45
    • 0030660222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early health effect of the emerging tobacco epidemic in China. A 16-year prospective study
    • Chen Z, Xu Z, Collins R, Li W, Peto R. Early health effect of the emerging tobacco epidemic in China. A 16-year prospective study. JAMA 1997;278:1500-4.
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 1500-1504
    • Chen, Z.1    Xu, Z.2    Collins, R.3    Li, W.4    Peto, R.5
  • 46
    • 0037066812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs-United States, 1995-1999
    • CDC. Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs-United States, 1995-1999. MMWR 2002;51:303-3.
    • (2002) MMWR , vol.51 , pp. 303-303
  • 47
    • 0034640865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstructive lung disease and low lung function in adults in the United States. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Mannino DM, Gagnon RC, Petty TL, Lydick E. Obstructive lung disease and low lung function in adults in the United States. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Inter Med 2000;160:1683-9.
    • (2000) Arch Inter Med , vol.160 , pp. 1683-1689
    • Mannino, D.M.1    Gagnon, R.C.2    Petty, T.L.3    Lydick, E.4
  • 49
    • 0029115814 scopus 로고
    • A prospective longitudinal study of methacoline airway responsiveness as a predictor of pulmonary function decline. The Normative Aging Study
    • O'Connor GT, Sparrow D, Weiss ST. A prospective longitudinal study of methacoline airway responsiveness as a predictor of pulmonary function decline. The Normative Aging Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:87-92.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.152 , pp. 87-92
    • O'Connor, G.T.1    Sparrow, D.2    Weiss, S.T.3
  • 50
    • 0028231181 scopus 로고
    • The UCLA population studies of chronic obstructive respiratory disease. XI. Impact of air pollution and smoking on annual change in forced expiratory volume in one second
    • Tashkin DP, Detels R, Simmons M, Liu H, Coulson AH, Sayre J, Rokaw S. The UCLA population studies of chronic obstructive respiratory disease. XI. Impact of air pollution and smoking on annual change in forced expiratory volume in one second. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:1209-17.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.149 , pp. 1209-1217
    • Tashkin, D.P.1    Detels, R.2    Simmons, M.3    Liu, H.4    Coulson, A.H.5    Sayre, J.6    Rokaw, S.7
  • 51
    • 0003977511 scopus 로고
    • Washington: US Department of Health and Human Service. (Publication No. 84-50205)
    • US Surgeon General. The health consequence of smoking: chronic obstructive lung disease. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Service; 1984. (Publication No. 84-50205).
    • (1984) The Health Consequence of Smoking: Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
  • 52
    • 0036251191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive lung disease and occupational exposure
    • Viegi G, Di Pede C. Chronic obstructive lung disease and occupational exposure. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;2:115-21.
    • (2002) Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.2 , pp. 115-121
    • Viegi, G.1    Di Pede, C.2
  • 53
    • 0037108451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population: A study of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Hnizdo E, Sullivan PA, Bang KM, Wagner G. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population: a study of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:738-46.
    • (2002) Am J Epidemiol , vol.156 , pp. 738-746
    • Hnizdo, E.1    Sullivan, P.A.2    Bang, K.M.3    Wagner, G.4
  • 55
    • 0032874032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of occupational lung diseases
    • Occupational lung disorders. Mapp CE (Ed.)
    • Chan-Yeung M, Dimich-Ward H. Natural history of occupational lung diseases. In: Occupational lung disorders. Mapp CE (Ed.). Eur Respir Mon 1999;4(11):46-63.
    • (1999) Eur Respir Mon , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. 46-63
    • Chan-Yeung, M.1    Dimich-Ward, H.2
  • 56
    • 0032875464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of occupational lung disease
    • Occupational lung disorders. Mapp CE (Ed.)
    • Newman Taylor AJ, Cullinan P. Diagnosis of occupational lung disease. In: Occupational lung disorders. Mapp CE (Ed.). Eur Respir Mon 1999;4(11):64-105.
    • (1999) Eur Respir Mon , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. 64-105
    • Newman Taylor, A.J.1    Cullinan, P.2
  • 57
    • 0032851815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung diseases induced by metals and organic solvents
    • Occupational lung disorders. Mapp CE (Ed.)
    • De Raeve H, Nemery B. Lung diseases induced by metals and organic solvents. In: Occupational lung disorders. Mapp CE (Ed.). Eur Respir Mon 1999;4(11):178-213.
    • (1999) Eur Respir Mon , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. 178-213
    • De Raeve, H.1    Nemery, B.2
  • 58
    • 0032874036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Occupational lung disorders. Mapp CE (Ed.)
    • Burge PS. Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In: Occupational lung disorders. Mapp CE (Ed.). Eur Respir Mon 1999;4(11):242-54.
    • (1999) Eur Respir Mon , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. 242-254
    • Burge, P.S.1
  • 60
    • 0025452657 scopus 로고
    • Job-exposure matrices in epidemiologic research and medical surveillance
    • Coughlin SS, Chiazze L Jr. Job-exposure matrices in epidemiologic research and medical surveillance. Occup Med 1990;5:633-46.
    • (1990) Occup Med , vol.5 , pp. 633-646
    • Coughlin, S.S.1    Chiazze Jr., L.2
  • 62
    • 0034959810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupation, chronic bronchitis, and lung function in young adults. An international study
    • Zock JP, Sunjer J, Kogevinas M, Kromhout H, Burney P, Antò JM, and The ECRHS Study Group. Occupation, chronic bronchitis, and lung function in young adults. An international study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1572-7.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.163 , pp. 1572-1577
    • Zock, J.P.1    Sunjer, J.2    Kogevinas, M.3    Kromhout, H.4    Burney, P.5    Antò, J.M.6
  • 65
    • 9044240863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of outdoor air pollution
    • Committee of the Environmental an Occupational Health Assembly of the American Thoracic Society. Health effects of outdoor air pollution. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:3-50.
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.153 , pp. 3-50
  • 66
    • 0034011533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution?
    • American Thoracic Society. What constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:665-73.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , pp. 665-673
  • 67
    • 0344260912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological studies of chronic respiratory conditions in relation to urban air pollution in adults
    • The impact of air pollution on respiratory health. D'Amato G, Holgate ST (Ed.)
    • Viegi G, Baldacci S. Epidemiological studies of chronic respiratory conditions in relation to urban air pollution in adults. In: The impact of air pollution on respiratory health. D'Amato G, Holgate ST (Ed.). Eur Respir Mon 2002;7(21):1-16.
    • (2002) Eur Respir Mon , vol.7 , Issue.21 , pp. 1-16
    • Viegi, G.1    Baldacci, S.2
  • 68
    • 0036626916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory effects of environmental pollution: Epidemiological data
    • Baldacci S, Viegi G. Respiratory effects of environmental pollution: epidemiological data. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2002;57:156-60.
    • (2002) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis , vol.57 , pp. 156-160
    • Baldacci, S.1    Viegi, G.2
  • 69
    • 0037136933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and health
    • Brunekreef B, Holgate ST. Air pollution and health. Lancet 2002;360:1233-42.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1233-1242
    • Brunekreef, B.1    Holgate, S.T.2
  • 70
    • 0028235837 scopus 로고
    • Non-carcinogenic health effects of air pollution: A European perspective
    • Viegi G. Non-carcinogenic health effects of air pollution: a European perspective. Tubercle Lung Dis 1994;75:83-4.
    • (1994) Tubercle Lung Dis , vol.75 , pp. 83-84
    • Viegi, G.1
  • 71
    • 0028240040 scopus 로고
    • Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution
    • Dockery DW, Pope CA 3rd. Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution. Annu Rev Public Health 1994;15:107-32.
    • (1994) Annu Rev Public Health , vol.15 , pp. 107-132
    • Dockery, D.W.1    Pope III, C.A.2
  • 72
    • 0033677395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six US cities
    • Laden F, Neas LM, Dockery DW, Schwartz J. Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six US cities. Environ Health Perspect 2000;108:941-7.
    • (2000) Environ Health Perspect , vol.108 , pp. 941-947
    • Laden, F.1    Neas, L.M.2    Dockery, D.W.3    Schwartz, J.4
  • 78
    • 0037029043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution
    • Pope CA 3rd, Burnett RT, Thun MJ, Calle EE, Krewski D, Ito K, Thurston GD. Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA 2002;287:1132-41.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 1132-1141
    • Pope III, C.A.1    Burnett, R.T.2    Thun, M.J.3    Calle, E.E.4    Krewski, D.5    Ito, K.6    Thurston, G.D.7
  • 79
    • 0037136938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands: A cohort study
    • Hoek G, Brunekreef, Goldbohm S, Fischer P, van den Brandt PA. Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands: a cohort study. Lancet 2002;360:1203-9.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1203-1209
    • Hoek, G.1    Brunekreef2    Goldbohm, S.3    Fischer, P.4    Van Den Brandt, P.A.5
  • 81
    • 0003042905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Po River Delta (North Italy) Indoor Epidemiological Study: Home characteristics, indoor pollutants, and subjects' daily activity pattern
    • Simoni M, Biavati P, Carrozzi L, Viegi G, Paoletti P, Matteucci G, Ziliani GL, Ioannilli E, Sapigni T. The Po River Delta (North Italy) Indoor Epidemiological Study: home characteristics, indoor pollutants, and subjects' daily activity pattern. Indoor Air 1998;8:70-9.
    • (1998) Indoor Air , vol.8 , pp. 70-79
    • Simoni, M.1    Biavati, P.2    Carrozzi, L.3    Viegi, G.4    Paoletti, P.5    Matteucci, G.6    Ziliani, G.L.7    Ioannilli, E.8    Sapigni, T.9
  • 83
    • 0023620770 scopus 로고
    • Health effects and sources of indoor air pollution. Part I
    • Samet JM, Marbury MC, Spengler JD. Health effects and sources of indoor air pollution. Part I. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;136:1486-508.
    • (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.136 , pp. 1486-1508
    • Samet, J.M.1    Marbury, M.C.2    Spengler, J.D.3
  • 84
    • 0032174056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of passive smoking. 9. Parental smoking and spirometric indices in children
    • Cook DG, Strachan DP, Carey IM. Health effects of passive smoking. 9. parental smoking and spirometric indices in children. Thorax 1998;53:884-93.
    • (1998) Thorax , vol.53 , pp. 884-893
    • Cook, D.G.1    Strachan, D.P.2    Carey, I.M.3
  • 86
    • 0032062947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of passive smoking. 8. Passive smoking and risk of adult asthma and COPD: An update
    • Coultas DB. Health effects of passive smoking. 8. passive smoking and risk of adult asthma and COPD: an update. Thorax 1998;53:381-7.
    • (1998) Thorax , vol.53 , pp. 381-387
    • Coultas, D.B.1
  • 88
    • 0344692615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory symptoms/diseases are related to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in an epidemiological study on environment and health in women from four Italian areas (SEASD)
    • Baldacci S, Pistelli F, Di Pede F, Simoni M, Lo Presti E, Farchi S, Pistelli R, Corbo G, Forastiere F, Viegi G and the SEASD Group. Respiratory symptoms/diseases are related to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in an epidemiological study on environment and health in women from four Italian areas (SEASD). Eur Respir J 2001;18:274s.
    • (2001) Eur Respir J , vol.18
    • Baldacci, S.1    Pistelli, F.2    Di Pede, F.3    Simoni, M.4    Lo Presti, E.5    Farchi, S.6    Pistelli, R.7    Corbo, G.8    Forastiere, F.9    Viegi, G.10
  • 89
    • 0036055002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental tobacco smoke esposure and pulmonary function among adults in NHANES III: Impact on the general population and adults with asthma
    • Eisner MD. Environmental tobacco smoke esposure and pulmonary function among adults in NHANES III: impact on the general population and adults with asthma. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110:765-70.
    • (2002) Environ Health Perspect , vol.110 , pp. 765-770
    • Eisner, M.D.1
  • 94
    • 0031721534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory symptoms in children and indoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide and gas stoves
    • Garrett MH, Hooper MA, Hooper BM, Abramson MJ. Respiratory symptoms in children and indoor exposure to nitrogen dioxide and gas stoves. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:891-5.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.158 , pp. 891-895
    • Garrett, M.H.1    Hooper, M.A.2    Hooper, B.M.3    Abramson, M.J.4
  • 95
    • 0030020345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function in young adults with use of domestic gas appliances
    • Jarvis D, Chinn S, Luczynska C, Burney P. Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function in young adults with use of domestic gas appliances. Lancet 1996;347:426-31.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 426-431
    • Jarvis, D.1    Chinn, S.2    Luczynska, C.3    Burney, P.4
  • 97
    • 0025075070 scopus 로고
    • Chronic respiratory effects of indoor formaldehyde exposure
    • Krzyzanowski M, Quackenboss JJ, Lebowitz MD. Chronic respiratory effects of indoor formaldehyde exposure. Environ Res 1990;52:117-25.
    • (1990) Environ Res , vol.52 , pp. 117-125
    • Krzyzanowski, M.1    Quackenboss, J.J.2    Lebowitz, M.D.3
  • 99
    • 0025835379 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory health effects of home dampness and molds among Canadian children
    • Dales RE, Zwanemburg H, Burnett R, Franklin CA. Respiratory health effects of home dampness and molds among Canadian children. Am J Epidemiol 1991;134:196-203.
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.134 , pp. 196-203
    • Dales, R.E.1    Zwanemburg, H.2    Burnett, R.3    Franklin, C.A.4
  • 100
    • 0344692618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifestyle and indoor air pollution: Allergens
    • "The impact of air pollution on respiratory health". D'Amato G, Holgate ST (Ed.)
    • Murray CS, Woodcock A, Custovic A. Lifestyle and indoor air pollution: allergens. In: "The impact of air pollution on respiratory health". D'Amato G, Holgate ST (Ed.). Eur Respir Mon 2002;7 (21):133-52.
    • (2002) Eur Respir Mon , vol.7 , Issue.21 , pp. 133-152
    • Murray, C.S.1    Woodcock, A.2    Custovic, A.3
  • 103
    • 0037718522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social position and mortality from respiratory diseases in males and females
    • Prescott E, Godtfredsen N, Vestbo J, Osler M. Social position and mortality from respiratory diseases in males and females. Eur Respir J 2003;21:821-6.
    • (2003) Eur Respir J , vol.21 , pp. 821-826
    • Prescott, E.1    Godtfredsen, N.2    Vestbo, J.3    Osler, M.4
  • 104
    • 0035685413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and obstructive lung diseases
    • Romieu I, Trenga C. Diet and obstructive lung diseases. Epidemiol Rev 2001;23:268-87.
    • (2001) Epidemiol Rev , vol.23 , pp. 268-287
    • Romieu, I.1    Trenga, C.2
  • 105
    • 0035989777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between diet and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in subjects selected from general practice
    • Watson L, Margetts B, Howarth P, Dorward M, Thompson R, Little P. The association between diet and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in subjects selected from general practice. Eur Respir J 2002;20:313-8.
    • (2002) Eur Respir J , vol.20 , pp. 313-318
    • Watson, L.1    Margetts, B.2    Howarth, P.3    Dorward, M.4    Thompson, R.5    Little, P.6
  • 106
    • 0035402252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and intake of catechins, flavonols, and flavones: The MORGEN Study
    • Tabak C, Arts IC, Smit HA, Heederik D, Kromhout D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and intake of catechins, flavonols, and flavones: the MORGEN Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:61-4.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 61-64
    • Tabak, C.1    Arts, I.C.2    Smit, H.A.3    Heederik, D.4    Kromhout, D.5
  • 107
    • 0034846794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Independent beneficial effects of fruits, whole grains, and alcohol (the MORGEN study)
    • Tabak C, Smit HA, Heederik D, Ocke MC, Krombout D. Diet and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: independent beneficial effects of fruits, whole grains, and alcohol (the MORGEN study). Clin Exp Allergy 2001;31:747-55.
    • (2001) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.31 , pp. 747-755
    • Tabak, C.1    Smit, H.A.2    Heederik, D.3    Ocke, M.C.4    Krombout, D.5
  • 109
    • 0025111586 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Sherrill DL, Lebowitz MD, Burrows B. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Chest Med 1990;11:375-87.
    • (1990) Clin Chest Med , vol.11 , pp. 375-387
    • Sherrill, D.L.1    Lebowitz, M.D.2    Burrows, B.3
  • 110
    • 0033093103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Barnes PJ. Molecular genetics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1999;54:245-52.
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , pp. 245-252
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 111
    • 0036346760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1: Susceptibility factors for COPD the genotype-environment interaction
    • Sandford AJ, Silverman EK. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 1: Susceptibility factors for COPD the genotype-environment interaction. Thorax 2002;57:736-41.
    • (2002) Thorax , vol.57 , pp. 736-741
    • Sandford, A.J.1    Silverman, E.K.2
  • 113
    • 0036130113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic epidemiology of COPD
    • Silverman EK. Genetic epidemiology of COPD. Chest 2002;121:1s-6s.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.121
    • Silverman, E.K.1
  • 115
    • 0037106511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is central to acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and connective tissue breakdown
    • Churg A, Dai J, Tai H, Xie C, Wright JL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is central to acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and connective tissue breakdown. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:849-54.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 849-854
    • Churg, A.1    Dai, J.2    Tai, H.3    Xie, C.4    Wright, J.L.5
  • 119
    • 0032696006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood viral infection and the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Hogg JC. Childhood viral infection and the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:26s-8s.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.160
    • Hogg, J.C.1
  • 120
    • 0034040183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial infection and the pathogenesis of COPD
    • Sethi S. Bacterial infection and the pathogenesis of COPD. Chest 2000;117:286s-91s.
    • (2000) Chest , vol.117
    • Sethi, S.1
  • 123
    • 0029005697 scopus 로고
    • Do lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
    • Shaheen SO, Barker DJ, Holgate ST. Do lower respiratory tract infections in early childhood cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:1649-51.
    • (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.151 , pp. 1649-1651
    • Shaheen, S.O.1    Barker, D.J.2    Holgate, S.T.3
  • 124
    • 0032567988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pneumonia and whooping cough in childhood on adult lung function
    • Johnston ID, Strachan DP, Anderson HR. Effect of pneumonia and whooping cough in childhood on adult lung function. N Engl J Med 1998;338:581-7.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 581-587
    • Johnston, I.D.1    Strachan, D.P.2    Anderson, H.R.3
  • 126
    • 0030593843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and a family history of asthma on respiratory function in new-born infants
    • Stick SM, Burton PR, Gurrin L, Sly PD, Le Souef PN. Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and a family history of asthma on respiratory function in new-born infants. Lancet 1996;348:1060-4.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 1060-1064
    • Stick, S.M.1    Burton, P.R.2    Gurrin, L.3    Sly, P.D.4    Le Souef, P.N.5
  • 128
    • 0037173932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary function in first generation children of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients: Assessment of related predicting factors
    • Lu B, He Q, Chen Q, Huang X, Li j. Pulmonary function in first generation children of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients: assessment of related predicting factors. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2002;82:1136-9.
    • (2002) Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi , vol.82 , pp. 1136-1139
    • Lu, B.1    He, Q.2    Chen, Q.3    Huang, X.4    Li, J.5
  • 129
  • 130
    • 0033215571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study on susceptibility risk factors for COPD in smokers
    • Cheng X, Wu Y, Li J. Study on susceptibility risk factors for COPD in smokers. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 1999;22:602-4.
    • (1999) Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi , vol.22 , pp. 602-604
    • Cheng, X.1    Wu, Y.2    Li, J.3
  • 131
    • 0036428922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation of body mass index to asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
    • Guerra S, Sherrill DL, Bobadilla A, Martinez FD, Barbee RA. The relation of body mass index to asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Chest 2002;122:1256-63.
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , pp. 1256-1263
    • Guerra, S.1    Sherrill, D.L.2    Bobadilla, A.3    Martinez, F.D.4    Barbee, R.A.5
  • 133
    • 0033086089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic consequences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Strassels SA. Economic consequences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 1999;5:100-4.
    • (1999) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.5 , pp. 100-104
    • Strassels, S.A.1
  • 134
    • 1842436535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    • National Hearth, Lung and Blood Institute. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Data Fact Sheet 2001;1-4.
    • (2001) Data Fact Sheet , pp. 1-4
  • 137
    • 0037373169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of COPD in Italy: Results from the Confronting COPD survey
    • Dal Negro R, Rossi A, Cerveri I. The burden of COPD in Italy: results from the Confronting COPD survey. Respir Med 2003;97:43s-50s.
    • (2003) Respir Med , vol.97
    • Dal Negro, R.1    Rossi, A.2    Cerveri, I.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.