Immunology of scorpion toxins and perspectives for generation of anti-venom vaccines

Vaccine

Volumn 23, Issue 26, 2005, Pages 3357-3368

  Gazarian, Karlen G ^a   Gazarian, Tatiana ^b   Hernández, Ricardo ^a   Possani, Lourival D ^c  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

^b UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

^c INSTITUTO DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Epitope; Phage display mimotopes; Scorpion toxin; Vaccine; Venom

Indexed keywords

ALACRAMYN; ANTIBODY; ANTIDOTE; ANTIGEN; EPITOPE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PEPTIDE; PEPTIDE LIBRARY; SCORPION VENOM; VACCINE; VENOM; VENOM ANTISERUM;

ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTION; BINDING AFFINITY; BIOLOGY; CHANNEL GATING; COMMUNITY; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CROSS REACTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MANUFACTURE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG RESPONSE; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG SYNTHESIS; ENVENOMATION; EVOLUTION; FATALITY; GENETIC ANALYSIS; HEALTH; HEALTH CENTER; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNITY; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOCHEMISTRY; INSECT STING; LIFE; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; MOLECULE; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PHAGE DISPLAY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTECTION; RECEPTOR BINDING; REVIEW; SCORPION; SPECIES; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; TOXICITY; TOXIN ANALYSIS; TOXIN STRUCTURE; TROPICS;

EID: 17144413324     PISSN: 0264410X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.12.027     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. A.V. Stonic, and G.B. Elyakov Secondary metabolites from echinoderms as chemotaxonomic markers P.J. Scheuer Bioorganic marine chemistry 2 1988 Springer Verlag Berlin 43 86
2. B.M. Olivera, J. River, C. Clark, C.A. Ramilo, G.P. Corpuz, and F.C. Abogadie Diversity of Conus neuropeptides Science 249 1990 257 263
3. F. Le Gall, P. Favreau, G. Richard, E. Benoit, Y. Letourneux, and J. Molgo Biodiversity of genus Conus (Fleming 1822): a rich source of bioactive peptides Belg J Zool 129 1999 17 42
4. 2 enzymes: structure, function and mechanism 1997 Wiley Chichester
5. Harris, JB. Phospholipases A2 that show neurotoxic activity. In: Bailey GS, editor. Enzymes from snake venoms; 1988. p. 425-49.
6. H. Rochat, B. Bernard, and F. Couraud Scorpion toxins: chemistry and mode of action B. Ceccarelli F. Clementi Advances in cytopharmacology 1979 Raven Press New York 325 334
7. B.M. Olivera, D.R. Hillyard, M. Marsh, and D. Yoshikami Combinatorial peptide libraries in drug design: lessons from venomous cone snails Trends Biotechnol 13 1995 422 426
8. D. Mebs Toxicity in animals. Trends in evolution? Toxicon 39 2001 87 96
9. L.D. Possani Structure of scorpion toxins A.T. Tu Handbook of natural toxins vol. 2 and 5 1984 Marcel Dekker New York 13 50
10. +-channels Eur J Biochem 264 1999 287 300
11. +-channels H. Darbon J.M. Sabatier Perspectives in drug discovery and design vol. 15-16 1999 Kluwer Dordrecht 15 40
12. B. Becerril, M. Corona, M.C. Mejia, B.M. Martin, S. Lucas, and F. Bolivar The genomic region encoding toxin gamma from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus contains an intron FEBS Lett 335 1993 6 8
13. B. Becerril, M. Corona, F.I. Coronas, F. Zamudio, E.S. Calderon-Aranda, and P.L. Fletcher Toxic peptides and genes encoding toxin gamma of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus bahiensis and Tityus stigmurus Biochem J 313 1996 753 760
14. O. Froy, T. Sagiv, M. Poreh, D. Urbach, N. Zilberberg, and M. Gurevitz Dynamic diversification from a putative common ancestor of scorpion toxins affecting sodium, potassium, and chloride channels J Mol Evol 48 1999 187 196
15. M.F. Martin-Eauclaire, and F. Couraud Scorpion neurotoxins: effects and mechanisms L.V. Chang R.S. Dyer Handbook on neurotoxicology 1995 Marcell Dekker New York 683 716
16. D. Gordon, P. Savarin, M. Gurevitz, and S. Zinn-Justin Functional anatomy of scorpion toxins affecting sodium channels J Toxicol Rev 17 1998 131 159
17. D. Gordon, and M. Gurevitz The selectivity of scorpion α-toxins for sodium channel subtypes is determined by subtle variations at the interacting surface Toxicon 41 2003 125 128
18. L.D. Possani, E. Merino, M. Corona, F. Bolivar, and B. Becerril Peptides and genes coding for scorpion toxins that affect ion-channels Biochimie 82 2000 861 868
19. + channels Toxicon 36 1998 1641 1650
20. +-channel blocking peptides Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 140 2000 135 185
21. +-channels Toxicon 43 8 2004 865 875
22. + channel-blocking peptides Neuron 15 1995 5 10
23. J. Tytgat, G.K. Chandy, M.L. Garcia, G.A. Gutman, M.F. Martin-Eauclaire, and J.J. van del Walt A unified nomenclature for short-chain peptides isolated from scorpion venoms: α-KTx molecular subfamilies Trends Pharmacol Sci 20 1999 444 447
24. F. Couraud, and E. Jover Mechanism of action of scorpion toxins A.T. Tu Handbook of natural toxins vol. 2 1984 Marcel Dekker New York 629 678
25. D. Gordon, M.F. Martin-Eauclaire, S. Cestele, C. Kopeyan, E. Calier, and R.B. Khalifa Scorpion toxins affecting sodium current inactivation bind to distinct homologous receptor sites on rat brain and insect sodium channels J Biol Chem 271 1996 8034 8045
26. J.C. Fontecilla-Camps, C. Habersetzer-Rochat, and H. Rochat Orthorhombic crystals and three-dimensional structure of the potent toxin II from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 85 1988 7443 7447
27. M. Dauplais, B. Gilquin, L.D. Possani, G. Gurrola-Briones, C. Roumestand, and A. Ménez Determination of the three-dimensional solution structure of Noxiustoxin: analysis of structural differences with related short-chain scorpion toxins Biochemistry 34 1995 16563 16573
28. A. Pintar, L.D. Possani, and M. Delepierre Solution structure of toxin 2 from Centruroides noxius Hoffmann, a beta scorpion neurotoxin acting on sodium channels J Mol Biol 287 1999 359 367
29. F. Portilla del Rio, E. Hernández-Marín, G. Pimienta, F.V. Coronas, F.Z. Zamudio, and R.C. Rodríguez de la Vega NMR solution structure of Cn12, a novel peptide from the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius with a typical β-toxin sequence but with α-like physiological activity Eur J Biochem 271 2004 2504 2516
30. F. Martinez, G. Muñoz-Garay, G. Gurrola, A. Darszon, L.D. Possani, and B. Becerril Site-directed mutants of noxiustoxin to reveal specific interactions with potassium channels FEBS Lett 429 1998 381 384
31. W.R. Lourenco Diversity and endemism in Tropical versus Temperate scorpion communities Biogeographica 70 1994 155 160
32. L. Balozet Scorpionism in the Old World W. Bucherl E. Buckley Venomous animals and their venoms vol. 3 1971 Acad Press New York 349 371
33. T. Debont, A. Swerts, J.J. van der Walt, G.J. Muller, F. Vendonck, and P. Daenens Comparison and characterization of the venoms of three Parabuthus scorpion species occurring in South Africa Toxicon 36 1998 341 352
34. W. Bucherl Scorpionism in the Old World W. Bucherl E. Buckley Venomous animals and their venoms 3 1971 Acad Press New York 317 347
35. I. Zenouaki, R. Kharrat, J.M. Sabatier, C. Devaux, H. Karoui, and J. Van Rietschoten In vivo protection against Androctonus australis hector scorpion toxin and venom by immunization with a synthetic analog of toxin II Vaccine 15 2 1997 187 194
36. C. Legros, H. Kaabi, M. El Ayeb, B. Ceard, H. Vacher, and P.E. Bougis Use of fusion protein constructs to generate potent immunotherapy and protection against scorpion toxins Vaccine 20 5-6 2001 934 942
37. R. Kharrat, I. Zenouaki, Z. Ben Lasfar, K. Miled, and M. El Ayeb Molecular characterization, antigenicity and immunogenicity of anatoxic polymeric forms conferring protection against scorpion venoms Toxicon 35 6 1997 915 930
38. J.L. Cardoso, W.H.R. Fan, A.A. Araujo, M. Santaluci, and J.M. Lopes Óbitos por escorpionismo no Brasil (1990-1993) Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 28 1995 10
39. S.C. Guatimosim, E. Kalapothakis, C.R. Diniz, and C. Chavez-Olortegui Induction of neutralizing antibodies against Tityus serrulatus toxins by immunization with a recombinant nontoxic protein Toxicon 38 1 2000 113 121
40. M. Dehesa-Dávila, A.N. Ramírez, F.Z. Zamudio, G. Gurrola-Briones, A. Liévano, and A. Darszon Structural and functional comparison of toxins from the venom of the scorpions Centruroides infamatus infamatus, Centruroides limpidus limpidus and Centruroides noxius Comp Biochem Physiol 113B 2 1996 331 339
41. P. Delori, J. Van Rietschoten, and H. Rochat Scorpion venoms and neurotoxins: an immunological study Toxicon 19 1981 393 407
42. M. El Ayeb, M. Martin, P. Delori, G. Bechis, and H. Rochat Immunochemistry of scorpion α-neurotoxins. Determination of the antigenic site number and isolation of highly enriched antibody specific to a single antigenic site of toxin II of Androctonus australis Hector Mol Immunol 20 1983 697 708
43. L.D. Possani, J. Fernandez de Castro, and J.Z. Julia Detoxification with glutaraldehyde of purified scorpion (Centruroides noxius Hoffmann) venom Toxicon 19 1981 323 329
44. +-channel blocking peptide from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann Carlsberg Res Commun 47 1982 285 289
45. E.S. Calderon-Aranda, B. Selisko, E.J. York, G.B. Gurrola, J.M. Stewart, and L.D. Possani Mapping of an epitope recognized by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody specific to toxin Cn2 from the scorpion Centruroides noxius, using discontinuous synthetic peptides Eur J Biochem 264 1999 746 755
46. B. Selisko, A.F. Licea, B. Becerril, F. Zamudio, L.D. Possani, and E. Horjales Antibody BCF2 against scorpion toxin Cn2 from Centruroides noxius Hofmann: primary structure and three-dimensional model as free Fv fragment and complexed with its antigen PROTEINS: Struct Funct Genet 37 1999 130 143
47. C. Chavez-Olortegui, E. Kalapothakis, A.M. Ferreira, A.P. Ferreira, and C.R. Diniz Neutralizing capacity of antibodies elicited by a non-toxic protein purified from the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus Toxicon 35 2 1997 213 221
48. C. Chavez-Olortegui, F. Molina, and C. Granier Molecular basis for the cross-reactivity of antibodies elicited by a natural anatoxin with alpha- and beta-toxins from the venom of Tityus serrulatus scorpion Mol Immunol 38 11 2002 867 876
49. F. Miranda, C. Kupeyan, H. Rochat, C. Rochat, and S. Lissitzky Purification of animal neurotoxins. Isolation and characterization of eleven neurotoxins from the venom of the scorpions Androctonus australis Hector, Buthus occitanus tunetanus and Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus Eur J Biochem 16 1970 514 523
50. E.M. Bahraoui, C. Granier, J. Van Rietschoten, H. Rochat, and M. El Ayeb Specificity and neutralizing capacity of antibodies elicited by a synthetic peptide of scorpion toxin J Immunol 136 9 1986 3371 3377
51. E.M. Bahraoui, J. Pichon, J.-M. Muller, H. Darbon, M. El Ayeb, and C. Granier Monoclonal antibodies to scorpion toxins. Characterization and molecular mechanisms of neutralization J Immunol 141 1988 214 220
52. M. El Ayeb, E.M. Bahraoui, C. Granier, and H. Rochat Use of antibodies specific to defined regions of scorpion α-toxin to study its interaction with its receptor site on the sodium channel Biochemistry 25 1986 6671 6678
53. B. Bouhaouala-Zahar, F. Ducancel, I. Zenouaki, R. Ben Khalifa, L. Borchani, and M. Pelhate Recombinant insect-specific α-toxin of Buthus occitanus tunetanus scorpion confers protection against homologous mammal toxins Eur J Biochem 238 1996 653 660
54. N. Yahi, C. Devaux, P. Mansuelle, M.L. Defendini, and C. Granier Monoclonal antibodies to toxin II from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector: further characterization of epitope specificities and neutralizing capacities Toxicon 30 7 1992 723 731
55. C. Devaux, O. Clot-Faybesse, M. Juin, K. Mabrouk, J.M. Sabatier, and H. Rochat Monoclonal antibodies neutralizing the toxin II from Androctonus australis hector scorpion venom: usefulness of a synthetic, non-toxic analog FEBS Lett 412 3 1997 456 460
56. C. Devaux, O. Clot-Faybesse, M. Pugniere, J.C. Mani, H. Rochat, and C. Granier A strategy for inducing an immune response against Androctonus australis scorpion venom toxin I in mice. Production of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies and their use in a sensitive two-site immunometric assay J Immunol Methods 271 1-2 2002 37 46
57. P. Hérion, G. Gurrola-Briones, M.R. Sanchez, R. Saavedra, and L.D. Possani Monoclonal antibodies against noxiustoxin Hybridoma 14 3 1995 247 251
58. R. Hernández, T.G. Gazarian, P.S. Hérion, and K.G. Gazarian Molecular localization and crossreactivity of two epitopes of noxiustoxin from scorpion Centruroides noxius, identified by a panel of monoclonal antibodies and peptide mimotopes Immunol Lett 80 2 2002 97 103
59. F. Zamudio, R. Saavedra, B.M. Martin, G. Gurrola-Briones, P. Herion, and L.D. Possani Amino acid sequence and immunological characterization with monoclonal antibodies of two toxins from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann Eur J Biochem 204 1992 281 292
60. A.F. Licea, B. Becerril, and L.D. Possani Fab fragments of the monoclonal antibody BCF2 are capable of neutralizing the whole soluble venom from the scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann Toxicon 34 1996 843 847
61. E.S. Calderon-Aranda, T. Olamendi-Portugal, and L.D. Possani The use of synthetic peptides be a misleading approach to generate vaccines against scorpion toxins Vaccine 13 13 1995 1198 1206
62. A.M. Moreira-Ferreira, E. Kalapothakis, C.R. Diniz, and C. Chavez-Olortegui In vivo protection against Tityus serrulatus scorpion toxins by immunization of mice with a non-toxic protein Toxicon 36 2 1998 333 339
63. S.C. Guatimosim, V.F. Prado, C.R. Diniz, C. Chavez-Olortegui, and E. Kalapothakis Molecular cloning and genomic analysis of TsNTxp: an immunogenic protein from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom Toxicon 37 3 1999 507 517
64. L.M. Alvarenga, C.R. Diniz, C. Granier, and C. Chavez-Olortegui Induction of neutralizing antibodies against Tityus serrulatus scorpion toxins by immunization with a mixture of defined synthetic epitopes Toxicon 40 1 2002 89 95
65. F. Meddeb-Mouelhi, B. Bouhaouala-Zahar, Z. Benlasfar, J.M. Hammadi, T. Meiri, and M. Moslah Immunized camel sera and derived immunoglobulin subclasses neutralizing Androctonus australis hector scorpion toxins Toxicon 42 7 2003 785 791
66. T. Burdett, H. McIntosh, K. Murphy, R. Parry, and F. Slater Antivenom for scorpion sting Lancet 355 2000 66 67
67. L.D. Possani Antivenom for scorpion sting Lancet 355 2000 67
68. F. Abroug, S. El Atrous, S. Nouira, H. Haguiga, and S. Bouchoucha Antivenom for scorpion sting Lancet 355 2000 67 68
69. C. Devaux, E. Moreau, M. Goyffon, H. Rochat, and P. Billiald Construction and functional evaluation of a single-chain antibody fragment that neutralizes toxin AahI from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus australis hector Eur J Biochem 268 3 2001 694 702
70. J.D. Isaacs The antiglobulin response to therapeutic antibodies Semin Immunol 2 6 1990 449 456
71. M. Ismail The scorpion envenoming syndrome Toxicon 33 7 1995 825 858
72. O. Clot-Faybesse, M. Juin, H. Rochat, and C. Devaux Monoclonal antibodies against the Androctonus australis hector scorpion neurotoxin. I: characterization and use for venom neutralisation FEBS Lett 458 3 1999 313 318
73. M. Mousli, C. Devaux, H. Rochat, M. Goyffon, and P. Billiald A recombinant single-chain antibody fragment that neutralizes toxin II from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus australis hector FEBS Lett 442 2-3 1999 183 188
74. N. Aubrey, C. Devaux, P.Y. Sizaret, H. Rochat, M. Goyffon, and P. Billiald Design and evaluation of a diabody to improve protection against a potent scorpion neurotoxin Cell Mol Life Sci 60 3 2003 617 628
75. C. Granier, J. Novotny, J.-C. Fontecilla-Camps, P. Fourquet, M. El Ayeb, and E. Bahraoui The antigenic structure of a scorpion toxin Mol Immunol 26 6 1989 503 513
76. S.F. Parmley, and G.P. Smith Antibody-selectable filamentous fd phage vectors: affinity purification of target genes Gene 73 1988 305 318
77. J.K. Scott, and G.P. Smith Searching for peptide ligands with an epitope library Science 249 1990 386 390
78. S.E. Cwirla, E.A. Peters, R.W. Barrett, and W.J. Dower Peptides on phage: a vast library of peptides for identifying ligands Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 1990 6378 6382
79. F. Felici, L. Castagnoli, A. Musacchio, R. Jappelli, and G. Cesareni Selection of antibody ligands from a large library of oligopeptides expressed on a multivalent exposition vector J Mol Biol 222 1991 301 310
80. G.P. Smith, and V.A. Petrenko Phage display Chem Rev 97 1997 391 410
81. C.G. Adda, R.F. Anders, L. Tilley, and M. Foley Random sequence libraries displayed on phage: identification of biologically important molecules Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 5 2002 1 14
82. H.M. Geysen, S.J. Rodda, and T.J. Mason A priori delineation of a peptide which mimics a discontinuous antigenic determinant Mol Immunol 23 1986 709 715
83. A. Meola, P. Delmastro, P. Monaci, A. Luzzago, A. Nicosia, and F. Felici Derivation of vaccines from mimotopes. Immunologic properties of human hepatitis B virus surface antigen mimotopes displayed on filamentous phage J Immunol 154 1995 3162 3172
84. G. Galfré, P. Monaci, A. Nicosia, A. Luzzago, F. Felici, and R. Cortese Immunization with phage-displayed mimotopes Methods Enzymol 267 1996 109 115
85. T.G. Gazarian, R. Hernandez, G. Gurrola, L.D. Possani, and K.G. Gazarian Potential of phage display library to mimic conformational epitopes: a study on the scorpion toxin Cn2 and its neutralizing mAb BCF2 Combin Chem High Throughput Screen 6 2003 119 132
86. S. Deroo, and C.P. Muller Antigenic and immunogenic phage displayed mimotopes as substitute antigens: applications and limitations Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 4 2001 75 110
87. P.J. Tighe, A. Powell-Richards, H.F. Sewell, D. Ficher, L. Donoso, and H.S. Dua Epitope discovery using bacteriophage display: the minimum epitope of an anti-IRBP antibody Exp Eye Res 68 6 1998 679 684
88. T.G. Gazarian, B. Selisko, P. Hérion, and K.G. Gazarian Isolation and structure-functional characterization of phage display library-derived mimotopes of noxiustoxin, a neurotoxin of the scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann Mol Immunol 37 12-13 2000 755 766
89. P.W. Parren, J.P. Moore, D.R. Burton, and Q.J. Sattentau The neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1: viral evasion and escape from humoral immunity AIDS 13 Suppl A 1999 137 162
90. P.D. Kwong, M.L. Doyle, D.J. Casper, C. Cicala, S.A. Leavitt, and S. Majeed HIV-1 evades antibody-mediated neutralization through conformational masking of receptor-binding sites Nature 420 2002 678 681
91. Q.J. Sattentau, S. Zolla-Pazner, and P. Poignard Epitope exposure on functional, oligomeric HIV gp41 molecules Virology 206 1995 713 717
92. D. Meyer, and J.V. Torres Hypervariable epitope construct: a synthetic immunogen that overcomes MHC restriction of antigen presentation Mol Immunol 36 1999 631 637
93. C.D. Partidos, and M.W. Steward Mimotopes of viral antigens and biologically important molecules as candidate vaccines and potential immunotherapeutics Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 5 2002 15 27
94. D.R. Burton Antibodies, viruses and vaccines Nat Rev Immunol 2 2002 706 713
95. T.W. Baba, V. Liska, R. Hoffman-Lehmann, J. Vlasak, W. Xu, and S. Ayehunie Human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies of the IgG1 subtype protect against mucosal simian/human immunodeficiency virus infection Nat Med 6 2 2000 200 206