Dynamic diversification from a putative common ancestor of scorpion toxins affecting sodium, potassium, and chloride channels

Journal of Molecular Evolution

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 187-196

  Froy, Oren ^a   Sagiv, Tal ^a   Poreh, Michal ^a   Urbach, Daniel ^a   Zilberberg, Noam ^b   Gurevitz, Michael ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Common progenitor; Gene organization; Ion channels; Scorpion neurotoxins

Indexed keywords

CHLORIDE CHANNEL; ION CHANNEL; NEUROTOXIN; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; SCORPION VENOM; SODIUM CHANNEL;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; CHANNEL GATING; DNA FLANKING REGION; EVOLUTION; GENE ISOLATION; GENETIC ORGANIZATION; INTRON; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NONHUMAN; SCORPION;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BASE SEQUENCE; CHLORIDE CHANNELS; CLONING, MOLECULAR; DNA, COMPLEMENTARY; INTRONS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NEUROTOXINS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; SCORPION VENOMS; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, AMINO ACID; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY, NUCLEIC ACID; SODIUM CHANNELS;

ANIMALIA; BUTHIDAE; SCORPIONES;

EID: 0032900897     PISSN: 00222844     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/PL00006457     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Becerril B, Corona M, Mejia MC, Martin BM, Lucas S, Bolivar F, Possani LD (1993) The genomic region encoding toxin gamma from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus contains an intron. FEBS Lett 335:6-8
2. Becerril B, Corona M, Coronas FIV, Zamudio F, Calderon-Aranda ES, Fletcher PL, Martin BM, Possani LD (1996) Toxic peptides and genes encoding toxin γ of the Brazilian scorpions Tityus bahiensis and Tityus stigmurus. Biochem J 313:753-760
3. Berchtold MW (1989) Parvalbumin genes from human and rat are identical in intron/exon organization and contain highly homologous regulatory elements and coding sequences. J Mol Biol 210:417-428
4. Bougis PE, Rochat H, Smith LA (1989) Precursors of Androctonus australis scorpion neurotoxins: Structures of precursors, processing outcomes, and expression of functional recombinant toxin II. J Biol Chem 264:19259-19265
5. Catterall WA (1986) Molecular properties of voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Annu Rev Biochem 55:953-985
6. Corona M, Zurita M, Possani LD, Becerril B (1996) Cloning and characterization of the genomic region encoding toxin IV-5 from the scorpion Tityus serrulatus Lutz and Mello. Toxicon 34:251-256
7. Couraud F, Jover E (1984) Mechanism of action of scorpion toxins. In: Tu AT (ed) Handbook of natural toxins, Vol 2. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 659-678
8. Csank C, Taylor FM, Martindale DW (1990) Nuclear pre-mRNA introns: Analysis and comparison of intron sequences from Tetrahymena thermophila and other eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res 18:5133-5141
9. Darbon H, Zlotkin E, Kopeyan C, Van-Rietschoten J, Rochat H (1982) Covalent structure of the insect toxin of the North African scorpion Androctonus australis Hector. Int J Peptide Prot Res 20:320-330
10. DeBin JA, Maggio JE, Strichartz GR (1993) Purification and characterization of chlorotoxin, a chloride channel ligand from the venom of the scorpion. Am J Physiol Soc 264:C361-C369
11. Delabre ML, Pasero P, Marilley M, Bougis PE (1995) Promoter structure and intron-exon organization of a scorpion α-toxin gene. Biochemistry 34:6729-6736
12. Dufton MJ, Rochat H (1984) Classification of scorpion toxins according to amino acid composition and sequence. J Mol Evol 20:120-127
13. Fontecilla-Camps JC (1989) Three dimensional model of the insect-directed scorpion toxin from Androctonus australis Hector and its implication for the evolution of scorpion toxins in general. J Mol Evol 29:63-67
14. Gimenez-Gallego G, Navia MA, Reuben JP, Katz GM, Kaczorowski GJ, Garcia ML (1988) Purification, sequence, and model structure of charybdotoxin, a potent selective inhibitor of calcium-activated potassium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:3329-3333
15. Gmachl M, Kreil G (1995) The precursors of the bee venom constituents apamin and MCD peptide are encoded by two genes in tandem which share the same 3′-exon. J Biol Chem 270:12704-12708
16. Gordon D (1996) Molecular biology of voltage-gated ion channels: Structure-function relationship. In: Bittar EE, Bittar N (eds) Principles of medical biology, Vol 7A. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, pp 245-305
17. Grunstein M, Hogness D (1975) Colony hybridization: A method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:3961-3965
18. Gurevitz M, Urbach D, Zlotkin E, Zilberberg N (1991) Nucleotide sequence and structure analysis of a cDNA encoding an alpha insect toxin from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus. Toxicon 29:1270-1272
19. Harris RB (1989) Processing of pro-hormone precursor proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 275:315-333
20. Hradetzky D, Strebhardt K, Rubsamen-Waigmann H (1992) The genomic locus of the human hemopoietic-specific cell protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-encoding gene (HCK) confirms conservation of exon-intron structure among human PTKs of the src family. Gene 113:275-280
21. Izard JW, Kendall DA (1994) Signal peptides: Exquisitely designed transport promoters. Mol Microbiol 13:765-773
22. Kobayashi Y, Takashima H, Tamaoki H, Kyogoku Y, Lambert P, Kuroda H, Chino N, Watanabe TX, Kimura T, Sakakibara S, Moroder L (1991) The cysteine-stabilized α-helix: A common structural motif of ion-channel blocking neurotoxic peptides. Biopolymers 31:1213-1220
23. Kopeyan C, Mansuelle P, Sampieri F, Brando T, Bahraoui EM, Rochat H, Granier C (1990) Primary structure of scorpion anti-insect toxins isolated from the venom of Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus. FEBS Lett 261:423-426
24. Kreil G (1990) Processing of precursors by dipeptidylaminopeptidases: A case of molecular ticketing. TIBS 15:23-26
25. + channels. FEBS Lett 402:45-49
26. Lin D, Shi Y, Miller WL (1990) Cloning and sequencing of the human adrenodoxin reductase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:8516-8520
27. Lippens G, Najib J, Wodak SJ, Tartar A (1995) NMR sequential assignments and solution structure of chlorotoxin, a small scorpion toxin that blocks chloride channels. Biochemistry 34:13-21
28. Malehorn DE, Scott K, Shah DM (1993) Structure and expression of a barley acidic α-glucanase gene. Plant Mol Biol 22:347-360
29. Martin-Eauclaire MF, Couraud F (1995) Scorpion neurotoxins: Effects and mechanisms. In: Chang LW, Dyer RS (eds) Handbook of neurotoxicology. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 683-716
30. Meyer F, Schmidt HJ, Heckmann K (1992) Pheromone 4 gene of Euplotes octocarinatus. Dev Genet 13:16-25
31. + channel-blocking peptides. Neuron 15:5-10
32. Mount SM, Burks C, Hertz G, Stormo GD, White O, Fields C (1992) Splicing signals in Drosophila: Intron size, information content, and consensus sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 20:4255-4262
33. Rochat H, Bernard P, Couraud F (1979) Scorpion toxin: Chemistry and mode of action. In: Ceccarelli B, Clementi F (eds) Advances in cytopharmacology, Raven Press, New York, pp 325-334
34. Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5463-5467
35. Senapathy P, Shapiro MB, Harris NL (1990) Splice junctions, branch point sites, and exons: Sequence statistics, identification, and application to genome project. Methods Enzymol 183:252-278
36. Simmons CR, Litts JC, Huang N, Rodriguez RL (1992) Structure of a rice α-glucanase gene regulated by ethylene, cytokinin, wounding, salicylic acid and fungal elicitors. Plant Mol Biol 18:33-45
37. Tugarinov V, Kustanovitz I, Zilberberg N, Gurevitz M, Anglister Y (1997) Solution structures of a highly insecticidal recombinant scorpion α-toxin and a mutant with increased activity. Biochemistry 36:2414-2424
38. Ventura-Holman T, Jones JC, Ghaffari SH, Lobb CJ (1994) Structure and genomic organization of VH gene segments in the channel catfish: Members of different VH gene families are interspersed and closely linked. Mol Immunol 31:823-832
39. Vita C, Roumestand C, Toma F, Menez A (1995) Scorpion toxins as natural scaffolds for protein engineering. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6404-6408
40. Von-Heijne G (1990) The signal peptide. Membr Biol 115:195-201
41. Weibaur K, Herrero JJ, Filipowicz W (1988) Nuclear pre-mRNA processing in plants: Distinct modes of 3′-splice-site selection in plants and animals. Mol Cell Biol 8:2042-2051
42. 1 snRNA suppresses a 5′ splice site mutation. Cell 46:827-835
43. Zilberberg N, Gurevitz M (1993) Rapid isolation of full length cDNA clones by "inverse PCR": Purification of a scorpion cDNA family encoding α-neurotoxins. Anal Biochem 209:203-205
44. Zilberberg N, Zlotkin E, Gurevitz M (1991) The cDNA sequence of a depressant insect selective neurotoxin from the scorpion Buthotus judaicus. Toxicon 29:1155-1158
45. Zilberberg N, Zlotkin E, Gurevitz M (1992) Molecular analysis of cDNA and the transcript encoding the depressant insect selective neurotoxin of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 22:199-203
46. Zilberberg N, Gordon D, Pelhate M, Adams ME, Norris T, Zlotkin E, Gurevitz M (1996) Functional expression and genetic alteration of an alpha scorpion neurotoxin. Biochemistry 35:10215-10222
47. Zilberberg N, Froy O, Cestele S, Loret E, Arad D, Gordon D, Gurevitz M (1997) Identification of structural elements of a scorpion alpha neurotoxin important for receptor-site recognition. J Biol Chem 272:14810-14816
48. Zlotkin E (1987) Pharmacology of survival: Insect selective neurotoxins from scorpion venom. Endeavour 11:168-174
49. Zlotkin E, Rochat H, Kopeyan C, Miranda F, Lissitzky S (1971) Purification and properties of the insect toxin from the venom of the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector. Biochimie 53:1073-1078
50. Zlotkin E, Miranda F, Rochat H (1978) Chemistry and Pharmacology of Buthinae scorpion venoms. In: Bettini S (ed) Arthropod venoms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 317-369