Extrapolation of Animal Models of Optic Nerve Injury to Clinical Trial Design

Journal of Glaucoma

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-5

  Levin, Leonard A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; APOPTOSIS INHIBITOR; BETA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; ANIMAL MODEL; CLINICAL RESEARCH; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; EDITORIAL; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; NERVE CELL NECROSIS; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA; OPTIC NERVE INJURY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA ISCHEMIA; SPINAL CORD INJURY;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; CLINICAL TRIALS; DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HUMANS; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; RESEARCH DESIGN; RETINAL GANGLION CELLS;

EID: 1642499195     PISSN: 10570829     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00061198-200402000-00001     Document Type: Editorial

References (63)

1. Sucher NJ, Lipton SA, Dreyer EB. Molecular basis of glutamate toxicity in retinal ganglion cells. Vision Res. 1997;37:3483-3493.
2. Lam TT, Siew E, Chu R, et al. Ameliorative effect of MK-801 on retinal ischemia. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 1997;13:129-137.
3. Chaudhary P, Ahmed F, Sharma SC. MK801-a neuroprotectant in rat hypertensive eyes. Brain Res. 1998;792:154-158.
4. Lagreze WA, Knorle R, Bach M, et al. Memantine is neuroprotective in a rat model of pressure-induced retinal ischemia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1998;39:1063-1066.
5. Hare W, WoldeMussie E, Lai R, et al. Efficacy and safety of memantine, an NMDA-type open-channel blocker, for reduction of retinal injury associated with experimental glaucoma in rat and monkey. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;45 Suppl 3: S284-289; discussion S295-286.
6. Mey J, Thanos S. Intravitreal injections of neurotrophic factors support the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult rats in vivo. Brain Res. 1993;602:304-317.
7. Maffei L, Carmignoto G, Perry VH, et al. Schwann cells promote the survival of rat retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve section. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87:1855-1859.
8. Castillo BJ, del CM, Breakefield XO, et al. Retinal ganglion cell survival is promoted by genetically modified astrocytes designed to secrete brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Brain Res. 1994;647:30-36.
9. Mansour-Robaey S, Clarke DB, Wang YC, et al. Effects of ocular injury and administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on survival and regrowth of axotomized retinal ganglion cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:1632-1636.
10. Weibel D, Kreutzberg GW, Schwab ME. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prevents lesion-induced axonal die-back in young rat optic nerve. Brain Res. 1995;679:249-254.
11. Meyer-Franke A, Kaplan MR, Pfrieger FW, et al. Characterization of the signaling interactions that promote the survival and growth of developing retinal ganglion cells in culture. Neuron. 1995;15:805-819.
12. Peinado-Ramon P, Salvador M, Villegas-Perez MP, et al. Effects of axotomy and intraocular administration of NT-4, NT-3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the survival of adult rat retinal ganglion cells. A quantitative in vivo study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996;37:489-500.
13. Klocker N, Kermer P, Weishaupt JH, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection of adult rat retinal ganglion cells in vivo does not exclusively depend on phosphatidyl-inositol-3′-kinase/protein kinase B signaling. J Neurosci. 2000;20:6962-6967.
14. Klocker N, Kermer P, Gleichmann M, et al. Both the neuronal and inducible isoforms contribute to upregulation of retinal nitric oxide synthase activity by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Neurosci. 1999;19:8517-8527.
15. Klocker N, Cellerino A, Bahr M. Free radical scavenging and inhibition of nitric oxide synthase potentiates the neurotrophic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on axotomized retinal ganglion cells in vivo. J Neurosci. 1998;18:1038-1046.
16. Klocker N, Braunling F, Isenmann S, et al. In vivo neurotrophic effects of GDNF on axotomized retinal ganglion cells. Neuroreport. 1997;8:3439-3442.
17. Yoles E, Wheeler LA, Schwartz M. Alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonists are neuroprotective in a rat model of optic nerve degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:65-73.
18. Vidal-Sanz M, Lafuente MP, Mayor S, et al. Retinal ganglion cell death induced by retinal ischemia, neuroprotective effects of two alpha-2 agonists. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;45:S261-S267.
19. Wheeler LA, Gil DW, WoldeMussie E. Role of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in neuroprotection and glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;45 Suppl 3:S290-294; discussion S295-296.
20. Wood JP, DeSantis L, Chao HM, et al. Topically applied betaxolol attenuates ischaemia-induced effects to the rat retina and stimulates BDNF mRNA. Exp Eye Res. 2001;72:79-86.
21. Chidlow G, Melena J, Osborne NN. Betaxolol, a beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, reduces Na(+) influx into cortical synaptosomes by direct interaction with Na(+) channels: comparison with other beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Br J Pharmacol. 2000;130:759-766.
22. Osborne NN, Cazevieille C, Carvalho AL, et al. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that betaxolol is a retinal neuroprotective agent. Brain Res. 1997;751:113-123.
23. Kermer P, Klocker N, Bahr M. Long-term effect of inhibition of ced 3-like caspascs on the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in vivo. Exp Neurol. 1999;158:202-205.
24. Kermer P, Ankerhold R, Klocker N, et al. Caspase-9: involvement in secondary death of axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells in vivo. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2000;85:144-150.
25. Kermer P, Klocker N, Labes M, et al. Inhibition of CPP32-like proteases rescues axotomized retinal ganglion cells from secondary cell death in vivo. J Neurosci. 1998;18:4656-4662.
26. McKinnon SJ, Lehman DM, Tahzib NG, et al. Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing-4 protects optic nerve axons in a rat glaucoma model. Mol Ther. 2002;5:780-787.
27. Neufeld AH, Sawada A, Becker B. Inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase 2 by aminoguanidine provides neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of chronic glaucoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:9944-9948.
28. Levin LA, Clark JA, Johns LK. Effect of lipid peroxidation inhibition on retinal ganglion cell death. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996;37:2744-2749.
29. Hull M, Bahr M. Differential regulation of c-JUN expression in rat retinal ganglion cells after proximal and distal optic nerve transection. Neurosci Lett. 1994;178:39-42.
30. Levin LA. Animal and culture models of glaucoma for studying neuroprotection. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2001;11(Suppl 2):S23-S29.
31. Levin LA. Models of neural injury. J Glaucoma. 2001;10:S19-S21.
32. Winblad B, Poritis N. Memantine in severe dementia: results of the 9M-Best Study (Benefit and efficacy in severely demented patients during treatment with memantine). Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999;14:135-146.
33. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinalcord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1405-1411.
34. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR, et al. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA. 1997;277:1597-1604.
35. Reisberg B, Doody R, Stoffler A, et al. Memantine in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1333-1341.
36. Lacomblez L, Bensimon G, Leigh PN, et al. A confirmatory dose-ranging study of riluzole in ALS. ALS/Riluzole Study Group-II. Neurology. 1996;47:S242-S250.
37. Bensimon G, Lacomblez L, Meininger V. A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ALS/Riluzole Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:585-591.
38. Muir KW, Grosset DG. Neuroprotection for acute stroke: making clinical trials work. Stroke. 1999;30:180-182.
39. Licbeskind DS, Kasner SE. Neuroprotection for ischaemic stroke: an unattainable goal? CNS Drugs. 2001;15:165-174.
40. Ruiz G, Wheeler LA, WoldeMussie E, et al. Time course of pre or post treatment by brimonidine on neuroprotection in rat optic nerve injury model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:S830. [Abstract]
41. Neufeld AH, Das S, Vora S, et al. A prodrug of a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase is neuroprotective in the rat model of glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2002;11:221-225.
42. Martin DP, Ito A, Horigome K, et al. Biochemical characterization of programmed cell death in NGF-deprived sympathetic neurons. J Neurobiol. 1992;23:1205-1220.
43. Deckwerth TL, Johnson EM Jr. Temporal analysis of events associated with programmed cell death (apoptosis) of sympathetic neurons deprived of nerve growth factor. J Cell Biol. 1993;123:1207-1222.
44. Mesner PW, Epting CL, Hegarty JL, et al. A timetable of events during programmed cell death induced by trophic factor withdrawal from neuronal PC12 cells. J Neurosci. 1995;15:7357-7366.
45. DiPolo A, Aigner LJ, Dunn RJ, et al. Prolonged delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by adenovirus-infected Muller cells temporarily rescues injured retinal ganglion cells. Proc Natl 4cad Sci U S A. 1998;95:3978-3983.
46. Fletcher GC, Xuc L, Passingham SK, et al. Death commitment point is advanced by axotomy in sympathetic neurons. J Cell Biol. 2000;150:741-754.
47. Radius RL, Anderson DR. Retinal ganglion cell degeneration in experimental optic atrophy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1978;86:673-679.
48. Quigley HA, Anderson DR. Descending optic nerve degeneration in primates. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1977;16:841-849.
49. Grafstein B, Ingoglia NA. Intracranial transection of the optic nerve in adult mice: Preliminary observations. Exp Neurol. 1982;76:318-330.
50. Misantone LJ, Gershenbaum M, Murray M. Viability of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush in adult rats. J Neurocytol. 1984;13:449-465.
51. Domenici L, Gravina A, Berardi N, et al. Different effects of intracranial and intraorbital section of the optic nerve on the functional responses of rat retinal ganglion cells. Exp Brain Res. 1991;86:579-584.
52. Berkelaar M, Clarke DB, Wang YC, et al. Axotomy results in delayed death and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in adult rats. J Neurosci. 1994;14:4368-4374.
53. Thanos S, Pavlidis C, Mey J, et al. Specific transcellular staining of microglia in the adult rat after traumatic degeneration of carbocyanine-filled retinal ganglion cells. Exp Eye Res. 1992;55:101-117.
54. Leinfelder PJ. Retrograde degeneration in the optic nerves and tracts. Am J Ophthalmol. 1940;23:796-802.
55. Watson WE. Cellular responses to axotomy and to related procedures. Br Med Bull. 1974;30:112-115.
56. Lieberman AR. A review of the principal features of perikaryal responses to axon injury. Int Rev Neurobiol. 1971;14:49-124.
57. Barron KD, Dentinger MP, Krohel G, et al. Qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural observations on retinal ganglion cell layer of rat after intraorbital optic nerve crush. J Neurocytol. 1986;15:345-362.
58. Zeng BY, Anderson PN, Campbell G, et al. Regenerative and other responses to injury in the retinal stump of the optic nerve in adult albino rats: transection of the intraorbital optic nerve. J Anat. 1994;185:643-661.
59. Anderson DR. Ascending and descending optic atrophy produced experimentally in squirrel monkeys. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973;76:693-711.
60. Madison R, Moore MR, Sidman RL. Retinal ganglion cells and axons survive optic nerve transection. Int J Neurosci. 1984;23:15-32.
61. Danias J, Shen F, Goldblum D, et al. Cytoarchitecture of the retinal ganglion cells in the rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:587-594.
62. Curcio CA, Allen KA. Topography of ganglion cells in human retina. J Comp Neurol. 1990;300:5-25.
63. Camarata PJ, Heros RC, Latchaw RE. Brain attack': the rationale for treating stroke as a medical emergency. Neurosurgery. 1994;34:144-157.