Diet, obesity and education in three age groups of Saskatchewan women

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research

Volumn 64, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 181-188

  Hall, Kristyn D ^a   Stephen, Alison M ^a   Reeder, Bruce A ^b   Muhajarine, Nazeem ^b   Lasiuk, Gail ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CALORIC INTAKE; CANADA; DIET; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMICS; STANDARD;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; DIET; DIET SURVEYS; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; ENERGY INTAKE; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; SASKATCHEWAN; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 1542600247     PISSN: 14863847     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3148/64.4.2003.181     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Mechanic D. Socioeconomic status and health: an examination of underlying processes. In: Bunker JP, Gomby DS, Kehrer B, eds. Pathways to health: the role of social factors. Menlo Park, CA: The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 1989. p. 10.
2. Dutton DB, Levine S. Overview, methodological critique and reformulation. In: Bunker JP, Gomby DS, Kehrer B, eds. Pathways to health: the role of social factors. Menlo Park, CA: The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 1989. p. 30, 50.
3. Krieger N, Williams DR, Moss NE. Measuring social class in US public health research: concepts, methodologies and guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health 1997;18:341-78.
4. Garber AR. Pursuing the links between socioeconomic factors and health: critique, policy, implications and directions for future research. In: Bunker JP, Gomby DS, Kehrer B, eds. Pathways to health: the role of social factors. Menlo Park, CA: The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 1989. p.282.
5. Adler NE, Boyce T, Chesney MA, et al. Socioeconomic status and health: the challenge of the gradient. Am Psychol 1994;49:15-24.
6. Haan MN, Kaplan GA, Syme SL. Socioeconomic status and health: old observations and new thoughts. In: Bunker JP, Gomby DS, Kehrer B, eds. Pathways to health: the role of social factors. Menlo Park, CA: The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 1989. p.87.
7. James WPT, Nelson M, Ralph A, et al. The contribution of nutrition to inequalities in health. Br Med J 1997;314:1545-9.
8. Labonte R. Health promotion and empowerment: practical frameworks. Issues in Health Promotion Series # 3. Toronto: Centre for Health Promotion and ParticipACTION; 1993.
9. Bolton-Smith C, Smith W, Woodward M, et al. Nutrient intakes of different social-class groups: results from the Scottish Heart Health Study (SHHS). Br J Nutr 1991;65:321-35.
10. Sobal J, Stunkard A. Socioeconomic status and obesity: a review of the literature. Psychol Bull 1989;105:260-75.
11. Millar W, Wigle D. Socioeconomic disparities in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. CMAJ 1986;134:127-32.
12. Winkleby MA, Fortmann S, Barrett D. Social class disparities in risk factors for disease: eight-year prevalence patterns by level of education. Prev Med 1990;19:1-12.
13. Marmot MG, Smith GD, Stansfeld S, et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II Study. Lancet 1991;337:1387-93.
14. Popkin BM, Siega-Riz AM, Haines PS. A comparison of dietary trends among racial and socioeconomic groups in the United States. N Engl J Med 1996;335:716-20.
15. Macdonald S, Reeder B, Chen D, et al. Obesity in Canada: a descriptive analysis. CMAJ 1997;157:S3-9.
16. Sonne-Holm S, Sorensen T. Prospective study of attainment of social class of severely obese subjects in relation to parental social class, intelligence, and education. Br Med J 1986;292:586-9.
17. Teasdale TW, Sorenson TI, Stunkard AJ. Intelligence and educational level in relation to body mass index in adult males. Hum Biol 1992;64:99-106.
18. Young TK. Sociocultural and behavioural determinants of obesity among Inuit in the central Canadian Arctic. Soc Sci Med 1996;43:1665-71.
19. Reeder BA, Angel A, Ledoux M, et al. Obesity and its relation to cardiovascular disease risk factors in Canadian adults. CMAJ 1992;146:2009-19.
20. Stefanick M. Exercise and weight control. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1993;21:363-91.
21. Lachance PA. Human obesity. Food Technol 1994;48:127-38.
22. Foreyt J, Brunner L, Goodrick K, et al. Psychological correlates of reported physical activity in normal-weight and obese adults: the Reno Diet-Heart Study. Int J Obes 1995;19:S69-72.
23. Cummings SM, Goodrick K, Foreyt JP. Position of the American Dietetic Association: weight management. J Am Diet Assoc 1997;97:71-4.
24. Goodrick H, Foreyt J. Why treatments for obesity don't last. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:1243-7.
25. Miller WC, Niederpreum MG, Wallace JP, et al. Dietary fat, sugar and fibre predict body fat content. J Am Diet Assoc 1994;94:612-5.
26. Nelson L, Tucker L. Diet composition related to body fat in a multivariate study of 203 men. J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96:771-7.
27. Miller WC, Linderman AK, Wallace J, et al. Diet composition, energy intake, and exercise in relation to body fat in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:426-30.
28. Bolton-Smith C, Woodward M. Dietary composition and fat to sugar ratios in relation to obesity. Int J Obes 1994;18:820-8.
29. Jacobsen B, Thelle D. Risk factors for coronary heart disease and level of education: the Tromso Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 1988;127:923-31.
30. Georgiou C, Betts N, Hoerr SL, et al. Among young adults, college students and graduates practised more healthful habits and made more healthful food choices than did non-students. J Am Diet Assoc 1997;97:754-9.
31. De Irala-Estevez J, Groth M, Johansson L, et al. A systematic review of socio-economic differences in food habits in Europe: consumption of fruit and vegetables. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54:706-14.
32. Kendall A, Olson C, Frongillo E. Relationship of hunger and food insecurity to food availability and consumption. J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96:1019-24.
33. Uitenbroek DG, Kerekovska A, Festchieva N. Health lifestyle behaviour and socio-demographic characteristics: a study of Varna, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Soc Sci Med 1996;43:367-77.
34. Shepherd R, Paisley C, Eley S, et al. Healthier eating: income, difficulty and food intake. Proc Nutr Soc 1997;56:59A.
35. Smith AM, Baghurst KI. Public health implications of dietary differences between social status and occupational category groups. J Epidemiol Community Health 1992;46:409-16.
36. Hulshof AM, Lowik MRH, Kok FJ, et al. Diet and other life-style factors in high and low socio-economic groups: Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:441-50.
37. Laitinen S, Rasanen L, Viikari J, et al. Diet of Finnish children in relation to the family's socio-economic status. Scand J Soc Med 1995;23:88-94.
38. Ruxton CHS, Kirk TR. Relationships between social class, nutrient intake and dietary patterns in Edinburgh schoolchildren. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1996;47:341-9.
39. Johnson-Down L, O'Loughlin J, Koski K, et al. High prevalence of obesity in low income and multi-ethnic schoolchildren: A diet and physical activity assessment. J Nutr 1997;127:2310-5.
40. Dowler E, Calvert C. Looking for 'fresh' food: diet and lone parents. Proc Nutr Soc 1995;54:759-69.
41. Roos E, Prattala R, Lahelma E, et al. Modern and healthy?: socioeconomic differences in the quality of diet. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:753-60.
42. Myres AW, Kroetsch D. The influence of family income on food consumption patterns and nutrient intake in Canada. Can J Public Health 1978;69:208-21.
43. Ayaaf A. Socioeconomic differences in the intake of macronutrients in Nova Scotia [master's thesis]. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University; 1996.
44. Statistics Canada. (Census 1996). Population 15 years and over by sex (3) and detailed highest level of schooling (28), showing age groups (9), for Canada, provinces and territories. Ottawa: Stats Canada cat no 93F0028XDB96001.
45. Winkleby MA, Jatulis DE, Frank E, et al. Socioeconomic status and health: how education, income and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Am J Public Health 1992;82:816-20.
46. Health and Welfare Canada. Canadian guidelines for healthy weights: report of an expert group convened by the Health Promotion Directorate. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada; 1988.
47. Goldberg GR, Black AE, Jebb SA, et al. Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology: 1. Derivation of cut-off limits to identify under-reporting. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:569-81.
48. Heitmann BL, Lissner L. Dietary under-reporting by obese individuals - is it specific or non-specific? Br Med J 1995;311:986-9.
49. Mela D, Aaron J. Honest but invalid: what subjects say about recording their food intake. J Am Diet Assoc 1997;97:791-3.
50. Bingham SA, Cassidy A, Cole TJ, et al. Validation of weighed records and other methods of dietary assessment using the 24-hour urine nitrogen technique and other biological markers. Br J Nutr 1995;73:531-50.
51. Poppitt SD, Swann D, Black AE, et al. Assessment of selective under-reporting of food intake by both obese and non-obese women in a metabolic facility. Int J Obes 1998;22:303-31.
52. Luhrmann PM, Herbert BM, Neuhauser-Berthold M. Underreporting of energy intake in an elderly German population. Nutrition 2001;17:912-6.
53. Black AE, Cole TJ. Biased over- or under-reporting is characteristic of individuals whether over time or by different assessment methods. J Am Diet Assoc 2001;101:70-80.
54. Zhang J, Temme EH, Sasaki S, et al. Under- and over-reporting of energy intake using urinary cations as biomarkers: relation to body mass index. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:453-62.
55. Johansson G, Wikman A, Ahren AM, et al. Underreporting of energy intake in repeated 24-hour recalls related to gender, age, weight status, day of interview, educational level, reported food intake, smoking habits, and areas of living. Public Health Nutr 2001;4:919-27.
56. Johansson G, Akesson A, Berglund M, et al. Validation with biological markers for food intake of a dietary assessment method used by Swedish women with three different dietary preferences. Public Health Nutr 1998;1:199-206.
57. Mennen LJ, Jackson M, Cade J, et al. Underreporting of energy intake in four populations of African origin. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:882-7.
58. nd ed. St Paul, MN: West Publication Company; 1995.
59. Health and Welfare Canada. Report of the Expert Advisory panel on Dietary Fibre. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada; 1985.
60. Bryman A, Cramer D. Quantitative data analysis with SPSS for Windows: a guide for social scientists. New York: Routeledge; 1997.
61. th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1995.
62. Jebb S, Prentice A. Is obesity an eating disorder? Proc Nutr Soc 1995;54:721-8.
63. Andersson I, Rossner S. The Gustaf Study: repeated, telephone administered 24-hour dietary recalls of obese and normal-weight men - energy and macronutrient intake and distribution over the days of the week. J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96:686-92.
64. Gregory J, Foster K, Tyler H, et al. The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults. London, UK: HMSO; 1990.
65. Bandini LG, Scholler DA, Cyr HN, et al. Validity of reported energy intake in obese and nonobese adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:421-5.
66. Bandini LG, Cyr H, Must A, et al. Validity of reported energy intake in preadolescent girls. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:1138S-41S.
67. Wild CP, Andersson C, O'Brien NM, et al. A critical evaluation of the application of biomarkers in epidemiological studies on diet and health. Br J Nutr 2001;86:S37-53.
68. Crews H, Alink G, Andersen R, et al. A critical assessment of some biomarker approaches linked with dietary intake. Br J Nutr 2001;86 (Suppl 1):S5-35.
69. Stallone DD, Brunner EJ, Bingham SA, et al. Dietary assessment in Whitehall II: the influence of reporting bias on apparent socioeconomic variation in nutrient intakes. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51:815-25.
70. Prattala R, Berg MA, Puska P. Diminishing or increasing contrasts? Social class variation in Finnish food consumption patterns, 1979-1990. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992;46:279-87.
71. Crockett EG, Clancy KL, Bowering J. Comparing the cost of a thrifty food plan market basket in three areas of New York State. Soc Nutr Educ 1992;24:72S-9S.
72. Morris P, Neuhauser L, Campbell C. Food security in rural America: a study of the availability and costs of food. Soc Nutr Educ 1992;24:52S-8S.
73. Smith PK, Hoerr SL. A comparison of current food bank users, non-users and past users in a population of low-income single mothers. Soc Nutr Educ 1992;24:59S-66S.
74. McAllister M, Baghurst K, Record S. Financial costs of healthful eating: a comparison of three different approaches. Soc Nutr Educ 1994;26:131-9.
75. Travers K, Cogdon A, McDonald W, et al. Availability and cost of heart healthy dietary changes in Nova Scotia. J Can Diet Assoc 1997;58:176-83.
76. Turrell G. Socioeconomic differences in food preference and their influence on healthy food purchasing choices. J Hum Nutr Diet 1998;11:135-49.
77. Turrell G. Educational differences in dietary guideline food practises: are they associated with educational differences in food and nutrition knowledge? Aust J Nutr Diet 1997;54:25-33.
78. Cotugna N, Subar A, Heimendinger H, et al. Nutrition and cancer prevention knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices: the 1987 National Health Interview Survey. J Am Diet Assoc 1992;92:963-8.
79. Levy A, Fein S, Stephenson M. Nutrition knowledge levels about dietary fats and cholesterol: 1983-1988. J Nutr Educ 1993;25:60-6.
80. Colavito E, Guthrie J, Hertzler A, et al. Relationship of diet-health attitudes and nutrition knowledge of household meal planners to the fat and fiber intakes of meal planners and preschoolers. J Nutr Educ 1996;66:321-8.
81. MacDiarmid J, Hamilton V, Cade J, et al. Leeds High Fat Study: behavioural characterisation of high and low fat consumers. Proc Nutr Soc 1997;56:52A.